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Electrochemotherapy is now in routine clinical use to treat cutaneous metastases of any histology, and is listed in national and international guidelines for cutaneous metastases and primary skin cancer. Electrochemotherapy is used by dermatologists, surgeons, and oncologists, and for different degrees and manifestations of metastases to skin and primary skin tumours not amenable to surgery. This treatment utilises electric pulses to permeabilize cell membranes in tumours, thus allowing a dramatic increase of the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer agents. Response rates, often after only one treatment, are very high across all tumour types. The most frequent indications are cutaneous metastases from malignant melanoma and breast cancer. In 2006, standard operating procedures (SOPs) were written for this novel technology, greatly facilitating introduction and dissemination of the therapy. Since then considerable experience has been obtained treating a wider range of tumour histologies and increasing size of tumours which was not originally thought possible. A pan-European expert panel drawn from a range of disciplines from dermatology, general surgery, head and neck surgery, plastic surgery, and oncology met to form a consensus opinion to update the SOPs based on the experience obtained. This paper contains these updated recommendations for indications for electrochemotherapy, pretreatment information and evaluation, treatment choices, as well as follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Sweden, radioactive iodine for thyroid diagnostics and therapy was introduced by Jan Waldenström (1906–1996) and Bengt Skanse (1918–1963). The paper describes the start of the clinical use of radioiodine, the various iodine isotopes available, measurement techniques and dosimetry. There are still problems to solve in relation to an optimal clinical use of radioiodine. One of the remaining challenges is to get consensus about the goal of the treatment of hyperthyreosis, as well as about a method for individual absorbed dose calculations. Careful dose estimates will prevent unnecessary radiation exposure and constitute a base for a future optimised radioiodine therapy. For the dose calculation, it is important to understand if there is any clinically significant temporary reduction in the ability of thyroid tissue to trap or retain 131I-iodide following prior administration of a diagnostic activity of 131I-iodide (stunning of the thyroid). This may be of special concern in connection with treatment of thyroid cancer and its metastases. Finally, the production capacity, availability and delivery of 123I have to be improved to increase clinical access to this radionuclide, which is optimal for diagnostic imaging and which gives lower absorbed dose and therefore also less risk for thyroid stunning than 131I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]