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Authors studied 198 patients with first-ever cerebral stroke. Affective disorders, including depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and phobias, were identified in 71.2% of patients. The study demonstrated that the anxiety syndrome developed in the post-stroke period may be regarded as relatively independent. Some post-stroke anxiety disorders had different risk and pathogenetic factors. GAD is associated with young age and phobias are associated with female sex and inherited predisposition. In contrast to post stroke depression, anxiety-phobic disorders develop more frequently in patients with mild stroke.

Different types of depression in patients who survived cerebral stroke and their influence on the rehabilitation process were studied. One hundred and fifteen patients were examined. The clinical heterogeneity of post-stroke depression was shown. A clinical analysis allowed to find different nosological and psychopathological forms of depressive disorders. Two main nosological forms of depression--reactive and endoreactive--were found. The liability to affective disorders exerts the influence on the development of depression; reactive depression is related with more severe functional damage. Depression, in particular reactive one, has an unfavorable effect on the rehabilitation of neurological deficit and ability to self-service.

Pantogam was used as a corrector of the side-effects of neuroleptic therapy. The adverse effects were assessed psychometrically with several scales. Attention was focused on the unwanted signs (pathological movements of different groups of muscles). Fifty patients were studied, 37 of them completed the treatment course. Pantogam was administered in dosage 750-3000 mg per day along with traditional and atypical neuroleptics. The drug was effective against the most prevalent side-effects. The mild sedative effect of pantogam, absence of negative influence on myocardial vessels and possibility of its combination with most pharmacological drugs make its possible to use the drug in patients of different age groups.

On the base of clinical psychological and electrophysiological studies of 34 patients with primary manifestations of brain circulation insufficiency good tolerance and high efficiency of Tanakan course treatment (3 x 40 mg/day for 3 months) were showen. Tanakan decreased manifestations of clinical syndrome, improved psychological functions and electrophysiological parameters. Prospective study supported the stability of positive changes in the status of patients for 12 months after Tanakan course treatment.

By means of pharmacoepidemiologic method the analysis of therapy in nonselective ambulatory cohort of mentally ill 60-95 year old patients was performed during 5 months. Each patient had an epidemiological record, in which the main demographic, clinical data as well as all the drugs prescribed and the regimen of their administration were registered. All spectrum of psychotropic drugs was used for treatment of aged patients. In 80% of the cases tranquilizers and hypnotic drugs were prescribed, while neuroleptics were prescribed in 64% of the patients, vasotropic and nootropic preparations--in 32%, antidepressants--in 28%, antiparkinsonic drugs--in 17%, normothymics--in 7%, anticonvulsants--in 2% of the cases. Monotherapy was used in 24% of the cases, two psychotropic drugs were prescribed simultaneously in 31% of the patients, 3--in 23% and 4 drugs--in 17% of the patients. Age factor was not significant for the choice of the drug.

Open study was performed concerning the efficiency of cerebrolysin in treatment of tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism. 30 patients of middle (18-41 years) and old (60-82 years) age were examined by means of Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Cerebrolysin was administered intravenously by drops every other day in a dose of 5-10 ml during 28 days. Significant decrease of the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms (according to the Scales used) was observed by the end of the course of therapy. The number of the responders was 46.6%, of the partial responders--26.6%. Efficiency of cerebrolysin was the same both in the groups of patients with drug-induced parkinsonism (number of the responders--54.5%) and in patients with tardive dyskinesia (the responders' number--60%). The efficiency of cerebrolysin was lower in patients with combination of symptoms of parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia as well as in ones with pronounced negative schizophrenic disorders in clinical picture. Efficacy of cerebrolysin was also the same in patients of both middle and old age. Its efficiency was equally high independently on the duration of extrapyramidal disorders' existence.

Evoked cortical activity in response to acoustic stimuli (oddball paradigm) was studied in patients with different paranoid disorders. The analysis covered the N150 negative wave and positive complex P300. In patients with paranoid schizophrenia and paranoid form of involutional psychosis cortical responses to the stimuli and cortex effects were not recorded. Such cognitive deficiency is believed to be typical for schizophrenia.