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The paper informs about exhumations of Polish prisoners of war captured in 1939. The exhumations were carried out near Kharkov, Tver, and Smolensk in summer-autumn, 1991. Investigation of an International Soviet-Polish Commission confirmed the inquest version about contribution of People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR to execution of Polish prisoners of war.

The paper presents data on current mental disease prevalence, on some aspects of psychiatric service management, on social damage inflicted by psychic diseases and financial resources the society is willing to give off for relevant compensations. The importance of social modelling of the patients for prognostication of their life and estimation of the disease-induced damages is emphasized. Different forms of therapeutic modalities in psychiatry are analyzed in terms of efficacy. The authors draw attention of health service officials to poor reserves and outdated management of psychiatric service in the country.

The paper shows the formation of immunopathological syndromes in the cerebrospinal fluid in the victims with gunshot wounds in relation to the policy and outcome of treatment. Suturing the dura mater during a primary surgical treatment should be regarded as a protective process to limit antigen release, the development of immunological paralysis and autoimmunization. Deaths are caused by the neurogenic immune dysfunction induced by the inadequate functioning of the psychoneuroimmunoendocrine connections of the whole body.

This paper presents the results of studying the vestibular function before and after space flight in response to separate and combined vestibular, optokinetic, proprioceptive and postural tests as well as cerebellar coordination tests. After prolonged space flights most crewmembers showed spontaneous, position and positional nystagmus that pointed to vestibular dysfunction. This integrated procedure made it possible to differentiate mechanisms of vestibular dysfunctions seen after flight: some subjects showed nystagmus responses only during tilt table tests while others displayed them in response to additional proprioceptive and optovestibular stimulation as well as cerebellar coordination tests. Different patterns and types of vestibular adaptation to gravity were identified.

This paper presents principles of otorhinolaryngological mass-scale examination of industrial workers exposed to noise and dust. They require not only early detection of pathologies of the hearing organ and upper airways but also assessment of the health status of each person and identification of groups at risk. Dynamic observation over healthy and sick subjects as well as proper application of prophylactic and therapeutic measures helps maintain good health and high performance of industrial workers.

The paper is concerned with the results of the use of the Electronika NMS 01900.1 microcomputer manufactured in the USSR for teaching clinical endocrinology. Owing to its small dimensions, simple maintenance and sufficiently vast computing potentialities it can be widely used for teaching. A program with broad functional possibilities was prepared permitting students to objectivize their knowledge in clinical endocrinology. Fast automated test control of knowledge raises the efficacy of teaching many times.

The contents and circumstances of publication of the paper "Gastric Lymphomatosis" by M.F. Glazunov, S.A. Kalashnikov, and V.S. Bykov 18 years after it had been written and first submitted to the editorial board of the journal "Arkhiv patologii" are presented. The paper first describing gastric lymphomatosis in the USSR was submitted to the editors in March, 1964, approved but returned to the authors for insignificant corrections and additions, but because of a disease and death of one of the authors (M.F. Glazunov) was resubmitted after sorting out of M.F. Glazunov's scientific archives only in March 1982. The present publication of the contents and illustrations of the authors is aimed at determining their priority in the establishment of the diagnosis of gastric lymphomatosis in this country far back in 1964.

Examination in pathology with a test control of the theoretical part is carried out with the use of the computer class KUVT-86. The degree of knowledge is evaluated by means of the 1st level test. A student receives 3 tickets for general, special and specific pathology, respectively. Every ticket includes list of questions from a respective part of pathology consisting of 4 tests of distinction, 4 tests of identification and 2 classification tests (40 elements altogether). The number of questions for all examination is 120. The verification of knowledge occurs without paper forms. The calculation of the degree of knowledge is done by the computer during the examination. The student is given the estimation of his answers to every question. The results are fixed on the external information carriers which can be used for the evaluation of the student knowledge survival several years later.

The paper defines the morphologic basis of modern clinical medicine as one of the determining factors of its further development. Approaches to improvement of studies of the life-time biopsy specimens are discussed, as well as variants of cooperation between the pathoanatomists and clinical morphologists. The system of pathoanatomical reports, the work of treatment- and- control commissions and conferences on clinical anatomy are considered from the physician's point of view. Optimal measures should be taken to make the analysis of the physician's errors comprehensive and useful. Combined efforts are needed for the further improvement of the nomenclature, classification and terminologic characteristics of the diseases. Closer interactions between the pathoanatomists and therapists are suggested.

The importance of the perinatal mortality requires a thorough study of its causes. The development of effective measures for reduction of perinatal mortality must be based on the knowledge of not only the immediate causes of death of the baby (fetus) but also of all the factors of diseases and conditions of the mother, conditions of the placenta, external causes exerting a marked damaging effect on the fetus. The paper describes the experience of investigating multiple causes of perinatal mortality on the basis of a special "Perinatal Death Certificate" (registration form 246-PS) introduced in the USSR in 1974, using for coding the International statistical classification of diseases, traumas, and death causes of the IX revision which will be used in this country since 1981. This experience permits to formulate suggestions for the development of multiple causes of perinatal death within the framework of the national statistics.