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Objective: Systematization of the array of publications on cytidyldiphosphocholine (CDP-choline)., Material and Methods: Systematic computer analysis of all currently available publications on CDP-choline (1750 publications in PUBMED) using the topological theory of big data analysis., Results: CDP-choline is essential for acetylcholine biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, and DNA methylation. The article describes the effects of CDP-choline on acetylcholinergic and other types of neurotransmission, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of CDP-choline. Also, the paper presents the effects of the molecule on lipid metabolism and gene expression within the post-genomic paradigm (in particular, an increase in the expression of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors). The results of fundamental and clinical studies of CDP-choline in the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration are presented., Conclusion: The pharmacological effects of CDP-choline are mediated through multiple molecular mechanisms that contribute to the nootropic action of this molecule.

The paper presents the literature data concerning the results and surgical approaches to the treatment of tandem occlusion in the ICA system. The authors describe two clinical cases of endovascular treatment of tandem ipsilateral occlusion of ICA and middle cerebral artery (MCA). In both cases, the cause of two-level occlusion was complicated by thrombosis atherosclerotic plaque in ICA in the extracranial part with distal thromboembolism in SMA. The antegrade endovascular approach was used in both patients, when ICA was stented at the first stage, and at the second stage aspiration thrombectomy from SMA was performed. The period from the onset of symptoms to revascularization of the ICA system was 285±63 minutes. There were no fatal outcomes, patients were discharged with different neurological deficits: scores of the first patient were as following: 2 points on the NIHSS, 1 point on a Rankin scale, 13 points (initial 12 points on NIHSS) on the Rivermead mobility index and of the second patient: 14 points on the NIHSS, 5 points on a Rankin scale, 0 points (of the original 17 points on the NIHSS) on the Rivermead mobility index.

This paper presents a literature review considering the role and mechanism of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). The authors introduce a new concept: the functional request of the patient as a set of external (the nature and intensity of rehabilitation measures, characteristics of everyday life, diet, etc.) and internal (genetic factors, internal picture of the disease, availability of rental and other psychological facilities and etc.) attributes. This concept allows a new angle in understanding the pathogenesis of IS and creates fundamental and clinical potential for more successful approaches to therapy and rehabilitation after IS.

The literature review addresses the use of stem cells (SC) in ischemic stroke (IS). Part 1 of the paper overviews the results of experimental animal studies. Characteristics of different SC types and results of their studies in experimental models of IS are presented in the first section, the second section considers pros and cons of the methods of SC injection.

The present paper reviews preclinical research of divaza, the combination of release-active antibodies to brain-specific 5100 protein and release-active antibodies to endothelial NO-synthase. Preclinical studies have revealed that the specific pharmacological activity of the compounds is retained in the combination, and the components mutually potentiate each other's effects. The previous research have demonstrated high efficacy of divaza in the experimental models of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Divaza also displays the antihypoxant and antioxidant activity in the animal models of hypoxia by reducing the pathological changes of brain tissue. Significant reduction of the lipid peroxidation process in the affected brain regions can be one of the mechanisms of this effect. In standard experimental models of anxiety and depression, divaza positively influences the psycho-emotional state of animals.

Disbalance of the trace elements increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease and, first of all, of ischemic stroke (IS). This is due to the fact that certain trace elements are necessary for maintaining various aspects of the metabolism of neurons and glia. Energetic and plastic processes in the nervous tissue have an extremely active dynamics and their dependence on the availability of brain macro-and micronutrients makes it necessary to take into account the trace element status of patients with IS. This paper presents the results of clinical and basic research which revealed the association between the content of certain trace elements in different biological substrates and the course of stroke. The importance of magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper and selenium for the support of the function of the nervous tissue was shown. The study of the trace element profile in various regions of the brain in patients with IS is a very promising area of modern neurological research.

An objective of this paper was to study correlations between cardiac functions and cognitive disorders and to establish a prognostic role of the former in the progression of cerebrovascular pathology. We studied 102 patients, aged from 41-79 years, mean age 60,38±7,89 years. Standard instrumental methods for the study of the cardiovascular system and neuropsychological tests for the assessment of cognitive functions were used along with clinical neurological and somatic examination. It was shown that the age, level of diastolic pressure, atherosclerosis of brain vessels and valvular heart disease predicted cognitive impairment in patients with chronic brain ischemia. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was the main cardiac factor determining the severity of cognitive disturbances.