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Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, parkinsonian signs, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are diagnostic criteria. However, the diverse clinical presentations complicate diagnosis and management, as the disease may begin with psychiatric symptoms, confusion, sleep disturbances, and/or autonomic dysfunction. Its progression often leads to neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms that can overshadow cognitive impairments. Diagnosing LBD is crucial to avoid first iatrogenic effects (e.g., neuroleptics), and then facilitate a personalized approach to address cognitive and neuropsychiatric management, while considering comorbidities., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common causes of dementia, after Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Its diagnosis remains a challenge for the clinician because of the variety of clinical presentations and comorbidities. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria such as cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, progressive cognitive impairment, Parkinsonian signs and REM sleep behavioral disorder. Although not specific, biomarkers are helpful for increasing the likelihood of LBD diagnosis and for differentiating LBD from other differential diagnoses such as Parkinson's disease with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Clinicians should be aware of LBD clinical features and actively look for them in patients with cognitive symptoms, take into consideration the often-associated co-pathologies and to optimize patient's management., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common and well-defined small vessel disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid β in the vascular wall. CAA causes devastating outcomes related to intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive decline in older adults. The shared pathogenic pathway between CAA and Alzheimer's disease, co-occuring frequently in the same subject, has important implications for cognitive outcomes and novel anti-amyloid-β immunotherapies. In this review, we present the epidemiology, pathophysiology, current diagnostic criteria of CAA, and future developments in the field., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Acute encephalopathy is one of the most frequent neurological complication in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Electrolyte imbalance, drugs, and hypoxemia can all affect brain homeostasis, leading to acute cognitive dysfunction and direct implications of the SARS-CoV-2 are not completely understood. Neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood: an inflammatory insult to the endothelium affecting the blood-brain barrier may explain the clinical presentation, but other hypotheses including direct viral damage or an immune-mediated reaction are also suggested. Among these various potential mechanisms, often combined, the controversy remains., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.