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This brief note addresses the comparison between conventional ELISA and a slightly newer, equally sensitive, specific, less time consuming and cost effective version of its “Paper based ELISA,” which have a few major benefits on the conventional ELISA.

In this paper a review of Foam mat drying process for fruits and vegetables is discussed to develop quality powders Foam mat drying is a new drying technique for foods which are highly heat sensitive and very sticky to dry Foods contain a lot of compounds which are very sensitive to high temperature for long time By using this drying technique product is dried in a very short time with minimum quality changes Fruits and vegetables pastes are mixed with different foaming agents egg albumin soy protein egg white Lecithin etc and foam stabilizers carboxymethyl cellulose pectin etc in different concentration to introduce stable foams Foams are dried in trays by application of hot air and milled to develop free flowing powders Powders developed by this drying technique have maximum preservation of the compounds which are very heat sensitive

The ancient Japanese art of paper folding has influenced several branches of science from mathematics physics to materials and space sciences One of the main advantages of origami is the precision of the folding mechanism that leads to a well defined folded state While the main principles of folding are the same as in original paper folding in a wide range of materials it is the specific interactions and material properties that enable origami folds on scales from nano to over meters In this brief review we discuss origami on a molecular level covering applications in physics of smart materials such as biosensors stretchable electronics and nanorobotics nbsp

The capacity of electrocardiograms ECG recorded in hospital is increasing Although modern electrocardiographs have digital output most of ECG s are still recorded on grid papers Recently exchanging patients clinical information between healthcare facilities has become very important It will be very helpful if paper type of ECG could be converted to digital form In this study a morphological method is developed to digitize ECG signal from the paper charts The results show that the method can erase the background noise and provide the digital ECG signal from ECG paper charts correctly ECG signal digitization is practically used in ECG data exchanging between healthcare providers Experimental results on sample ECG paper records are very encouraging and show the promise of efficiency in ECG data storage and retrieval and easy manipulation for clinical uses

As part of training programme on Management of Training MoT the Training Design Proposal on Mathematical Modelling of Ground Water System by using Visual MODFLOW software to the newly joined Hydrogeologists of CentralGround Water CGWB Govt of India has been prepared A MoT paper can strengthen the professional competence of the officials working with various Regional and State Unit offices of CGWB and it can ensure the stakeholders participation to achieve the set objectives of the CGWB The CGWB is the National Apex Agency entrusted with the responsibilities of providing scientific inputs for management exploration monitoring assessment augmentation and regulation of ground water resources of the country consisting of Hydrogeologists Geophysicists Chemists Hydrologists Hydrometeorologists and Engineers and has its headquarters at Faridabad Major activities being taken up by CGWB include various R amp D studies exploratory drilling programme monitoring of ground water and its management The Rajiv Gandhi National Ground Water Training amp Research Institute RGNGWT amp RI is the training and research institute of CGWB and is envisaged to function as a Centre of Excellence rsquo in training ground water resources personnel and objective of these trainings is to develop a pool of trained resource persons who would be working towards sustainability of ground water resource The aims and objectives performance problems various environmental motivational and behavioural problems have also been incorporated in the MoT paper Training and non training recommendations Training Plan Priority List and design brief are the other highlights of the paper The MoT paper recommends training and non training implications training design New MoT Systems with various types of activity during the ILTC training These include a Flip chart preparation b Recap c Presentation and d Exercises involving all the trainees were introduced to fully engage and involve the trainees The motivational factors to the trainee officials like various types of incentive good entry certificate appreciation letter from Line Managers for their outstanding performance proper transparent promotion and transfer policies The post training external validation should be carried out by obtaining report on the performance of the trainees from Line Managers

The textile and tannery industry in Bangladesh is liable for polluting the soil and water body owing to the discharge of untreated effluents. They use enormous amounts of water, chemicals, and colorants for processing textile and leather products and release a complex mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants and metal contents, which negatively impact the environment. The main objective of this research was to study the deleterious impact of untreated textile and leather effluents on the environment in Bangladesh. For this purpose, textile and leather effluents were collected from industries during discharging after processing. Parameters, such as BOD, COD, pH, TDS, TSS, TH, Turbidity, conductivity, alkalinity, Dissolved Fe, metal contents, etc., were tested to determine the characteristics of the effluents. Moreover, the impact of these effluents on tree plants as well as on fishes was observed over 24 days. The results showed that the effluents contain extremely high values of BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, hardness, conductivity, alkalinity, silica from the recommended discharge limit. It was also observed that leather effluents cause a more harmful effect on the survival of fishes and trees due to the presence of high metal contents than textile effluents. The findings will help address this alarming situation in the ecosystem of Bangladesh and recommend immediate action to save the ecosystem from untreated discharges of industrial effluents.

The process of giving denim special washed or vintage looks and color effects after stitching it into jeans or other garments. Different denim washing methods have been developed and used on various fabrics to produce a wide number of designs for fashionable denim garments and jeans over the last few decades. This study focused on the washing of denim fabrics with bleach and its effects on the denim fabrics. There were a total of three samples of three different structures of denim and bleached each sample in three different shades; light, medium, and dark. Among these samples, two samples were an indigo blue color, the composition of 98% cotton, 2% spandex, GSM–350 and 99% cotton, 1% spandex, GSM–330 respectively. KCI bleach for these two samples has found a good result. Another sample was black, 100% cotton, GSM–290. KCI bleach also applied on it but the result was not desired, bleaching results in a reddish effect over the fabrics, washed the remaining portion of the fabrics in caustic soda and got the desired result.

Coagulation is an essential process in the treatment of water and industrial wastewater. In the field of drinking water treatment since ancient times, water purification using coagulants using various substances has been practiced. Coagulation is the most common method of purification of natural and wastewaters from the bulk of colloidal, finely dispersed, and partially dissolved contaminants. The characteristics of the new composite flocculants-coagulants ASFC and ISFC developed by the authors are presented in comparison with conventional aluminum and iron salts. The titration method was used to study the behavior of coagulant flocculants at different pH. The titration method was used to study the behavior of coagulant flocculants at different pH. The ζ-potentials and isoelectric points for aluminum hydroxide obtained by hydrolysis of a coagulant are determined. The nature of the interaction of active silicic acid and the products of hydrolysis of aluminum salts as components of composite flocculants-coagulants is shown. The characteristics of natural waters are given, on which the efficiency of using the obtained flocculants-coagulants is investigated. A comparison of the coagulating ability of coagulants in water purification with high color from the Orsha River and with medium color from the Volga and Tvertsa rivers is presented.

The study aimed at the development of a method for obtaining biodiesel by transesterification by via methylic from castor oil using biocatalysts. Seven varieties of lipase (PPL, Candida rugosa, OS cepacea, OS cepacea immobilized on diatomaceous earth, Novozyme 435, Lipozyme and Lipozyme RM) and seven enzymatic sources from a vegetable origin (latex of the species Ficus benjamina, Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg., Calotropis procera, Jatropha curcas L., Ficus pumila, Euphorbia tirucalli L.) were tested. Enzymatic sources of plant origin were submitted, initially, the hydrolytic activity tests to evaluate their potential as biocatalysts and, from the results obtained, two samples were selected for the experiments further synthesis of biodiesel. Validation of the method of production of biodiesel evaluated linearity, reproducibility (precision), recovery (accuracy) and the limits of detection and quantification. Among the sources of enzymes used in the synthesis of biodiesel presented the best result was the commercial enzyme Novozym 435 with 55.33% conversion yield of biodiesel in initial tests. Were conducted new tests for optimization of reactional parameters co-solvent, alcohol: oil ratio, amount of enzyme and solvent for recovery of the enzyme, which enabled a maximum yield of biodiesel to 98.84%.

The performance of propylene glycol (PG) on the grindability, setting and hardening of Portland (OPC) and Portland-Limestone cements (PLC) was studied. Propylene glycol was added to OPC clinker with percentage ratios; 0, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 wt.% of the OPC clinker. PLC was made by replacing 5 and 10 wt. % of OPC with limestone. PG offers better grinding aid performance with higher Blaine areas. Besides, presence of PG shows higher water of consistency and lower initial and final setting times. The mechanical properties of mortar specimens made from OPC and PLC admixed with PG were improved especially in the first 7 days. This explained due to increase in the cement fineness which leads to an increase in the degree of cement hydration, as well as to improvement in the interfacial transition zone between the cement paste and sand particles, thus resulting in an enhancement in the strength. DTA and SEM results confirmed the improved properties achieved due to admixing OPC or PLC with PG.

It nbsp is nbsp agreed nbsp by nbsp scientists nbsp world wide nbsp that nbsp continued nbsp burning nbsp of nbsp petroleum nbsp oils nbsp without nbsp intervention nbsp is nbsp a nbsp great nbsp threat nbsp to nbsp the nbsp environment nbsp In nbsp this nbsp study nbsp a nbsp comparison nbsp is nbsp made nbsp of nbsp the nbsp extent nbsp of nbsp emissions nbsp produced nbsp between nbsp diesel nbsp and nbsp gasoline nbsp engines nbsp using nbsp oxygenated nbsp blends In the gasoline engine methanol gasoline M was used In the diesel engine nbsp nbsp n butanol nbsp and nbsp nbsp diesel nbsp B nbsp was nbsp the nbsp test nbsp fuel nbsp The nbsp gasoline nbsp engine nbsp was nbsp a nbsp naturally nbsp aspirated nbsp Suzuki nbsp RS nbsp L nbsp engine nbsp type nbsp and nbsp the nbsp diesel nbsp type nbsp engine nbsp was nbsp a nbsp Z nbsp type nbsp L nbsp Turbo Direct nbsp injection nbsp TDI nbsp The nbsp results nbsp obtained nbsp were nbsp as nbsp follows nbsp the nbsp NOxemissions increased with an increasing BMEP for Diesel Fuel DF but was slightly lower than the blend B at and load whereas using M Nox reduced in reference to gasoline fuel GF but was four times higher than that obtained in diesel engine using B diminished the quality of Unburned hydrocarbons uHc emissions in diesel engine based on the reference fuel DF The range of emissions of uHC however was far less in the diesel engine than in the gasoline engine ppm and to ppm respectively The blend M reduces uHc more than the GF above brake mean effective pressure bmep The formation of Carbon monoxide CO was rapid for M than GF emission concentration of nbsp CO nbsp in nbsp B nbsp increased nbsp above nbsp DF nbsp Exhaust nbsp gases nbsp temperature nbsp EGT nbsp was nbsp lower nbsp for nbsp all nbsp oxygenated blends M and B than neat or pure hydrocarbon HC fuels GF and DF

The two freshwater fishes, the catfish Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822) and the catla fish Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822)were experimented in small culture ponds for growth response and feed conversion ratio during the study period from October 2018 to January 2019. The Pangasius pangasius fish growth rates of test and control ponds were almost equal. The control growth rates of Catla catla fish were higher than the test pond. Among these fishes, the fish Catla catla was the soft bottom habitat and they preferred mud bottom sediments. Among them, the growth rates of fish Catla catla was less than other species. The FCR values of the test ponds are 12.7 of Pangasius pangasius fish and 21.5 of Catla catla fish. The FCR values of the control ponds are 14.9 of Pangasius pangasius fish and 23.8 of Catla catla fish. In the present study, the results of FCR values are very useful for BR Sludge from Distillery Spent Wash. The feeding ratio (FCR) of test ponds is less than control ponds that is very good useful for these culture fishes.

Introduction: Cassava, a naturally flourishing tuberous plant in Nigeria which has been source to varieties of food in its raw, semi-processed, and processed forms has helped reduced poverty and hunger. Cassava in its various food forms contains varying amount of elements like cyanide, copper, selenium, iron, lead, nickel, cadmium and zinc which are essential elements for man, animal and plants but become toxic if the homeostatic mechanisms maintaining their physiological limit are disrupted or their concentration is very high at certain levels. The significant concentration of heavy metals in cassava flour and prolong consumption can damage the health of man. This research work determined the concentration of cyanide and some metal toxicant in cassava flour from Osogbo metropolis. Methodology: Samples were collected across five markets in Osogbo metropolis and analyzed for cyanide, copper, selenium, iron, lead, nickel, cadmium and zinc. Cyanide concentration was determined using UV/visible spectrophotometer, cadmium and selenium using titrimetric methods, while lead, nickel and cadmium were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Across all the samples analyzed, the result showed that the ranges of concentration for cyanide was 0.03-0.09mg/kg, copper 0.35-0.62mg/kg, selenium 3.46-5.43mg/kg, iron 0.1-0.6mg/kg, lead 0.01-0.34mg/kg, nickel 0.20-0.49mg/kg, cadmium 0.01-0.05mg/kg, zinc 0.182-0.31mg/kg. The concentration of cyanide, copper, selenium, iron, nickel, cadmium, and zinc are within the NIS permissible limit. Conclusion: The concentration of lead (0.34mg/kg) was found higher in Akindeko market than the NIS permissible limit of 0.1mg/kg for edible cassava flour. Hence, this study clearly advises that there is need for citizen advocacy, continuous monitoring and supervision to improve the hygienic preparation and storage of cassava flour in order to protect man.

In textile, Finishing is one of the significant processes which augment the performance of the fabric and functional properties as well. Health is always thought to be an indispensable requirement for human beings to live without any stress and it aids to give the best output of any work. Hygiene is also one of the important elements to live comfortably. A mosquito repellent textile protects the human beings from the bite of mosquitoes and ensures safety from the diseases like malaria and dengue fever. Medicinal plants like neem (Azadirachta indica), tulashi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) & mint-leaf (Mentha) etc. are used for induction of organic mosquito repellent activity and all of them are ecofriendly. This project is an exiguous endeavor in developing an eco-friendly mosquito repellent finished fabric using the herbal extract from neem, tulshi and mint-leaf .The extracted chemicals are finished on to the fabric by pad-dry-cure process & exhaust process and are evaluated using a mosquito repellency activity test .Then the repellency behavior of fabrics were checked after washing at three intervals – 5th,7th & 9th washes .Finally, the finished fabrics showed a great amount of mosquito repellent activity for both knit and woven fabric which was calculated in percentage.

Effective treatment of dyes wastewater is important to prevent water pollution. According to data by the Department of Environment (DOE) in 2017, 51 rivers have been polluted because of sewage, industry growth, livestock breeding and attitude of some irresponsible Malaysians that dump trash into river. One of the industries that contribute to river pollution is the batik industry. This is because batik processing activities have resulted in effluents containing chemicals streamed into the river and affecting aquatic life and human health as well. The main goals of this project is to produce a filter from available locally materials in solving polluted river water arising from batik wastewater. Along with the theme “from nature back to nature”, PadS-Clay Filter were prepared from 100% waste material such as paddy straw and clay according to designed formulation. Then, the dyes wastewater was flow on the PadS-Clay Filter and passed through the filter. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to analyze the absorption and concentration of the filtered dyes wastewater. Based on the result, PadS-Clay 2 (PSC2) and PadS-Clay 3 (PSC 3) were the most effective designed formulation for dyes rejection and flux of dyes in treating dyes effluent as the percentage of the dyes rejection for all PSC2 were over than 90%.