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Prostate cancer is a common cancer among males in the US, but little is known about its risk factors, including trace elements. The primary aim of this study was to examine prostate cancer and its association with arsenic and selenium in toenails. We conducted a small, nested case-control study of men residing in Iowa within the Agricultural Health Study cohort, where we also collected toenail samples to test for arsenic and other trace elements. Toenail samples were sent for neutron activation analysis aimed at long-lived trace elements, including arsenic. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for trace element exposures and prostate cancer. A total of 66 prostate cancer cases and 173 healthy controls returned questionnaires, over 99% of which included toenail samples. An increased risk was seen for the highest levels of arsenic (OR = 3.4 confidence interval (CI) of 1.3–8.6 and OR = 2.2, 95% CI of 0.9–5.6) and the highest level of selenium (2.0, 95% CI of 1.0–4.0). These data also show detectable levels of over 50% for 14 of 22 elements detected in the toenails. The association seen here with arsenic and prostate cancer further supports ecological studies finding an association with community levels of arsenic and prostate cancer incidence and mortality.

Properly managing aquatic organisms is crucial, including protecting endemic species and controlling invasive species. From a circular economy perspective, the sustainable use of aquatic species as a source of bioactive molecules is an area that is increasingly being explored. This includes the use of non-edible portions of seafood, which could pose considerable risks to the environment due to current methods of disposal. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to ensure that the exploitation of these resources does not result in the transfer of pollutants to the final product. This study analyzed two types of non-edible parts from the crayfish Procambarus clarkii: the abdominal portion of the exoskeleton (AbE) and the whole exoskeleton (WE), including the cephalothorax. These portions could potentially be utilized in the context of eradication activities regulated by local authorities. A screening analysis of four classes of pollutants, including pesticides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and trace elements (TEs), was performed. The only analytes detected were TEs, and significant differences in the contamination profile were found between AbE and WE. Nevertheless, the levels recorded were comparable to or lower than those reported in the literature and below the maximum levels allowed in the current European legislation for food, suggesting that their potential use is legally permitted. In terms of scalability, the utilization of the entire non-edible P. clarkii portion would represent a sustainable solution for the reuse of waste products.

Inadequate waste management and illegal trash dumping continue to be the leading causes of severe environmental pollution. Human exposure to harmful heavy metals has emerged as a serious health concern on the continent. Some people in Alice, a small town, grow their food in home gardens. They use animal manure and compost derived from soil obtained from landfills to enhance the fertility of the garden soil. Heavy metal heaps in garbage disposals are constantly present, releasing dangerous amounts of metal into the environment. The harmful effects of heavy metals on plants lead to unsanitary conditions and environmental problems. Animals and people who consume these vegetables may also be at risk for health problems. Assessing the soil’s enzyme activity can potentially lessen the negative effects of the accumulated pollutants and improve the soil’s overall health and quality. Soil enzymes are biologically active components that have a catalytic impact and are released from root exudates, crop residues, and animal remains. The activity of enzymes serves as an excellent bioindicator of soil cleanliness and quality because they are sensitive to heavy metals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to quantify the mineral elements in soil using 40 kV parallel beam optics, 30 mA, and CuKα radiation. Meanwhile, the activity of the enzyme was essayed in different coupled substrates. Thirteen (13) clay minerals were found, including Talc 2M, Kaolinite 2M, and Chlorite Lawsonite Muscovite 2M1. The detected trace elements have high concentration levels that exceed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) allowed levels. The identified elements affected the enzyme activity at different levels. The Mn, Al, Si, V, Ti, and Ca negatively affect soil enzyme activity, specifically invertase (INV). However, the amount of Mg, K, Fe, and Zn showed a slightly positive effect on the same enzyme (INV). According to this view, these elements come from several sources, each with a particular impact on soil contamination and enzyme activity. High levels of heavy metals in this study may be due to improper waste disposal, limited recycling opportunities, lack of public awareness, and inadequate enforcement of waste management regulations. It is essential to employ Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies, correct disposal techniques, suitable agricultural methods, preventive regulations, and efficient waste management to mitigate the negative effects of heavy metals on the environment.

In recent years, the emergence of drug resistance and sensitivity in leading diseases has heightened global interest in natural nutraceuticals as primary health supplements. However, comprehensive scientific scrutiny is essential before marketing these as supplements. In this study, we assessed the nutritional composition, antioxidant activities, and trace metal accumulation in eleven selected Sri Lankan coastal seaweed species. Gracilaria corticata had the highest (p < 0.05) ash and crude fiber content among the species. Protein content ranged from 4.87% to 23.67% (DW), with Ulva rigida displaying the highest (p < 0.05). Crude fat content ranged from 0.09% to 4.13% (DW), with Cladophora herpestica having the highest (p < 0.05) crude fat content. Sargassam cinereum, Turbinaria ornata and Sargassum crassifolium had the highest (p < 0.05) TPC content (51.32 ± 0.61–28.90 ± 2.68 mg/GAE g) and the highest (p < 0.05) radical scavenging antioxidant activity compared to other seaweeds. The study findings indicate that most of the studied metals in seaweeds exceeded the WHO-recommended levels. Aluminum was the highest (p < 0.05) accumulated metal in seaweeds compared to other metals. Toxic heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium and chromium, levels in all of the studied seaweeds surpassed the WHO limits. While seaweeds displayed acceptable nutritional and antioxidant properties, heavy metal presence poses a potential health risk to consumers. Products using seaweeds with accumulated heavy metals may have lower nutritional quality. Thus, this study underscores the need for comprehensive scientific investigation before developing high-quality natural food products or supplements from seaweeds.

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of various elements in edible insect-based food products available for human consumption. Several products were analyzed using atomic spectroscopy, and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 27. The results revealed the presence of elements such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, magnesium, nickel, silver, lead, tungsten, uranium, mercury, platinum, aluminum, beryllium, bismuth, lithium, antimony, and thallium. Significant differences were found based on product type, insect species, and country of origin. The findings underscore the need to assess each insect species for its potential as a food source, taking into account element bioaccumulation factors. A comprehensive, global approach is essential for ensuring the food safety of edible insects as a sustainable protein source. Further research is needed to address these safety concerns.

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils presents serious environmental and health risks. This study assessed the bioaccumulation and spatial distribution of nickel, cadmium, zinc, lead, and copper within a sheep-based food chain in the Baia Mare region, Romania, which includes soil, green grass, sheep serum, and dairy products. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we analyzed the concentrations of these metals and calculated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to evaluate their transfer through trophic levels. Spatial analysis revealed that copper (up to 2528.20 mg/kg) and zinc (up to 1821.40 mg/kg) exceeded permissible limits, particularly near former mining sites. Elevated lead (807.59 mg/kg) and cadmium (2.94 mg/kg) were observed in industrial areas, while nickel and cobalt showed lower concentrations, but with localized peaks. Zinc was the most abundant metal in grass, while cadmium transferred efficiently to milk and cheese, raising potential health concerns. The results underscore the complex interplay between soil properties, contamination sources, and biological processes in heavy metal accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies to protect public health from potential exposure through contaminated dairy products.

Physical activity induces modifications in the concentrations of trace mineral elements. However, studies exploring sex-related differences in manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo) levels among athletes are scarce. Mn and Mo are essentials metals required for a variety of metabolic functions, including those involved in normal human development, the activation of certain metalloenzymes, energy metabolism, and immune system function. They are important cofactors for a variety of enzymes, including those involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. The presence of molybdenum (Mo) is essential for several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase (XO), aldehyde oxidase, sulfite oxidase (SO), and the mitochondrial amidoxime reductase component (mARC). This study aimed to: (a) analyse changes in plasma, urine, erythrocyte, and platelet Mn and Mo concentrations throughout a competitive season in men’s and women’s football players, and (b) investigate sex-based discrepancies. A total of 46 football players (22 men: age; 20.62 ± 2.66 years; height; 1.76 ± 0.061 m; weight; 71.50 ± 5.93 kg, and 24 women: age; 23.21 ± 4.11 years; height; 1.65 ± 0.06 m; weight; 59.58 ± 7.17 kg) participated in this study. Three assessments were conducted throughout the competitive season. Data were collected on anthropometry, body composition, nutritional intake, physical fitness, female hormones, haematology, and the determination of Mn and Mo in different biological compartments. Regarding Mn, significant sex differences were observed in plasma, urine, and erythrocyte concentrations (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant variations were observed throughout the season in all analysed biological compartments (p < 0.05). Regarding Mo, significant sex differences were reported in plasma concentrations (p < 0.05). Similarly, there were variations throughout the season in all analysed biological compartments (p < 0.05). Plasma, urine, erythrocyte, and platelet Mn and Mo concentrations could change during a competitive season in football players. On the other hand, sex differences could exist in plasma, urine, and erythrocyte Mn concentrations in football players.

This study aims to explore microbial activity evidence, composition of archaeal communities, and environmental constraints in coalbed-produced waters from the Hancheng Block, a representative region for coalbed methane development on the eastern margin of Ordos Basin, China. The investigation involves analyzing microbial community composition using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis as well as examining hydrogeochemical parameters. The results indicate that Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota are predominant phyla within archaeal communities present in coalbed-produced water from the Hancheng Block. Among these communities, Methanobacterium is identified as the most abundant genus, followed by Methanothrix and Methanoregula. Moreover, a positive correlation is observed between the abundance of Methanobacterium and the levels of total dissolved solids as well as Mn; conversely, there is a negative correlation with dissolved organic carbon, Zn concentrations, and pH. The abundance of Co and Ni primarily influence Methanothrix while pH and Zn play significant roles in controlling Methanoregula. Additionally, No. 5 coal seam waters exhibit greater species diversity in the archaeal community compared to No. 11 counterparts. The higher abundance of archaea in the No. 5 coal seam promotes biogas generation due to the correlation between bicarbonate and dissolved inorganic carbon isotope. These research findings hold scientific significance in guiding the exploration and development of biogas within coal seams.

The harmful algal bloom (HAB) liver toxin microcystin (MC) and trace element biomagnification were previously detected in organisms in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida. Since there are no routine screening programs for these contaminants, liver tissue from North American river otters (Lontra canadensis), an important sentinel species in the IRL, was screened for MC via enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), followed by confirmatory analyses via liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry methods (LC-MS/MS). Liver and kidney samples were evaluated for trace element (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, Tl, and Zn) bioaccumulation via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Histopathologic evaluation of the liver and kidney was conducted to assess possible correlation with toxic insults. Forty-three river otters were evaluated (2016–2022). Microcystin was not detected in any river otter sample (n = 37). Of those tested for trace element bioaccumulation (n = 22), no sample measured above provided reference ranges or estimated toxic thresholds for this species. There were no statistically significant patterns observed based on season, year, or age class, but sex had a small influence on trace element levels in the kidney. One individual had a kidney Cu level (52 μg/g dry weight) higher than any previously reported for this species. Trace elements were detected at presumed background levels providing baselines for future monitoring. For otters with available histopathologic evaluation (n = 28), anomalies indicative of contaminant exposure (non-specific inflammation, necrosis, and/or lipidosis) were present in the liver and kidney of 18% and 4% of individuals, respectively. However, since these lesions were not linked to abnormal trace element bioaccumulation or MC exposure, other causes (e.g., infectious disease) should be considered.

Endometrial cancer is reported to be one of the most prevalent cancers of the female reproductive organs worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality rates over the past decade. Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment. Recently, there has been a growing focus on the role of nutrition and micronutrient and macronutrient status in patients with gynecologic cancers, including endometrial cancer. In the following paper, we have conducted an in-depth narrative literature review with the aim of evaluating the results of metallomic studies specifically concerning the micro- and macronutrient status of patients with endometrial cancer. The main objective of the paper was to analyze the results regarding the nutritional status of endometrial cancer patients and describe the role of chosen elements in the onset and progression of endometrial carcinogenesis. Further, we have focused on the evaluation of the usage of the described elements in the potential treatment of the abovementioned cancer, as well as the possible prevention of cancer considering proper supplementation of chosen elements in healthy individuals. Calcium supplementation has been proposed to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer, although some studies offer conflicting evidence. Deficiencies in phosphorus, selenium, and zinc have been inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk, suggesting they may play a protective role, whereas excessive levels of iron, copper, and cadmium have been positively correlated with increased risk. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these elements affect endometrial carcinogenesis are not fully understood, and current findings are often contradictory. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships and to evaluate the potential of nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer.

This study was designed to examine the association between myocardial concentrations of the trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn and the expression of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) elements and the age of patients who received heart transplantation or a left-ventricular assist device (ageHTx/LVAD). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn in the myocardium of control subjects and patients undergoing heart transplantation or left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. We used ELISA to quantify the expression of UPRmt proteins and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which served as a marker of oxidative-stress-induced lipid peroxidation. Concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn were similar in the control and heart failure (HF) myocardium, while Fe showed a significant decrease in the HF group compared to the control. A higher cumulative concentration of Fe and Zn in the myocardium was associated with reduced ageHTx/LVAD, which was not observed for other combinations of trace elements or their individual effects. The trace elements Cu, Mn, and Zn showed positive correlations with several UPRmt proteins, while Fe had a negative correlation with UPRmt effector protease YME1L. None of the trace elements correlated with 4-HNE in the myocardium. The concentrations of the trace elements Mn and Zn were significantly higher in the myocardium of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy than in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. A higher cumulative concentration of Fe and Zn in the myocardium was associated with a younger age at which patients received heart transplantation or LVAD, potentially suggesting an acceleration of HF. A positive correlation between myocardial Cu, Mn, and Zn and the expression of UPRmt proteins and a negative correlation between myocardial Fe and YME1L expression suggest that these trace elements exerted their actions on the human heart by interacting with the UPRmt. An altered generation of oxidative stress was not an underlying mechanism of the observed changes.

In both developed and developing countries, atmospheric pollution with particulate matter (PM) remains an important issue. Despite the health effects of poor air quality, studies on air pollution are often limited by the high costs of continuous monitoring and the need for extensive sampling. Furthermore, these particles are often enriched with potentially toxic trace elements and organic pollutants. This study evaluates both the composition of atmospheric dust accumulated during a certain timespan on Hedera helix and Senecio cineraria leaves and the potential for their use as bio-monitors. The test plants were positioned near automatic air quality monitoring stations at four different sites with respectively high, moderate and low traffic intensity. The gravimetric deposition of PM10 and PM2.5 on leaves was compared with data recorded by the monitoring stations and related to the weather conditions reported by Argentina’s National Meteorological Service. To determine the presence of trace elements enriching the PM deposited on leaves, two analytical techniques were applied: XRF (not destructive) and ICP (destructive). The results indicated that only in the unpaved street location (site 2) did PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations (90 µg m−3 and 9 µg m−3) in the air exceed more than five times WHO guidelines (15 µg m−3 and 5 µg m−3). However, several trace elements were found to be enriching PM deposited on leaves from all sites. Predominantly, increased concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ti, Mn, Zn and Fe were found, which were associated with construction, traffic and unpaved street sources. Furthermore, based on its capability to sequester above 2800 µg cm−2 of PM10, 2450 µg cm−2 of PM2.5 and trace elements, Senecio cineraria can be taken into consideration for adoption as a bio-monitor or even for PM mitigation.

Dried fruits are one of the most frequently consumed products by the population. Drying fruits prolongs their shelf life and also concentrates more nutrients. However, these products may contain dangerous levels of trace elements that can be harmful to health. The content of trace elements (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Li, Ni, Pb, Sr, V) in 42 samples of different dried fruits (dates, prunes, sultanas, dried apricot kernels, and dried figs) was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of Al found in prunes (12.7 ± 5.13 mg Al/kg) and the concentrations of B found in dried plums (6.26 ± 4.45 mg B/kg) were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Regarding the risk assessment, the percentages of contribution to the maximum recommended intakes by Li in all the dried fruits studied stand out, reaching 35.3% in the case of dried plums. This study concludes that the recommended daily intake of dried fruit (30 g/day) does not pose a toxicological risk about these trace elements.

Honey has been recognized as a reliable indicator of environmental quality because of honeybees’ intense foraging activity, which brings them into contact with many persistent organic pollutants around the hive. In this study, four types of honey (meadow, acacia, chestnut, and honey in comb) collected at three different locations were analyzed for Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn levels. The highest levels of Fe and Cu in chestnut honey, Co and Zn in meadow honey, and Pb in honey in comb were observed in Varaždin County. The lowest levels of Pb in meadow honey and Co in comb honey were found from apiaries in Sisak-Moslavina County. Significant differences in the mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Mn, and Fe were observed among the four honey types. Conversely, no significant differences in Co, Pb, and Zn levels were found. Most of the significant differences between the elements are related to chestnut honey. While sampling location (Fe) and type of honey (Pb), or both (Cr and Zn), significantly influenced the concentrations of some elements, these factors were found to be irrelevant for Mn, Co, and Cu. The results showed varying degrees of similarities and differences in mineral levels in honey samples, depending on floral and geographical origin.

This paper describes commonly used processes to produce aviation fuel and alternative routes with potential production yields for sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) like HEFA and ATJ. It also presents the possible sources (crude oil, refinery processes), causes (filter clogging, engine failure), and forms of contamination in both conventional and alternatively produced aviation fuels. Special attention is focused on the threats of fuel contamination with solid particles/trace elements, water, microorganisms, and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This review also presents the standard and novel advanced methods (ICP-MS, MALDI, ViPA) for identifying contaminations in aviation fuel. It also identifies possible ways to control and eliminate the risk of contamination, such as the fallowing coherent JIG system to ensure the quality of aviation fuel. Another approach that is very interesting and worth considering for future development is the idea of predictive maintenance and machine learning in monitoring and detecting contamination.

Oxidative stress and its relationship to fertility and reproduction is a topic of interest in medicine, especially in the context of the effects of trace elements and micronutrients. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an excess of free radicals in the body, which can lead to cell and tissue damage. Free radicals are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be formed as a result of normal metabolic processes, as well as under the influence of external factors such as environmental pollution, UV radiation, and diet. Oxidative stress has a significant impact on fertility. In men, it can lead to DNA damage in sperm, which can result in reduced semen quality, reduced sperm motility and increased numbers of defective sperm, and free radical damage to sperm cell membranes causing a reduction in the number of available sperm. In women, oxidative stress can affect the quality of female reproductive cells, which can lead to problems with their maturation and with embryo implantation in the uterus and can also affect ovarian function and disrupt hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle. A proper balance of trace elements and micronutrients is key to protecting against oxidative stress and maintaining reproductive health. Supplementation with appropriate elements such as zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, chromium, and iron can help reduce oxidative stress and improve fertility. This work discusses the effects of selected elements on oxidative stress parameters specifically in terms of fertility and reproduction.

Background: Zinc plays an important role in sepsis; however, the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and the appropriate dose remain unclear. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and the appropriate dose in patients with sepsis. Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study included 247 patients with sepsis from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2023 who were receiving ventilatory management. The patients were divided into three groups according to the zinc supplementation dose: p = 0.36). No statistically significant differences were observed in the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (p = 0.06). A higher supplementation dose corresponded with a statistically significant increase in blood zinc concentration in the first week (38.5 ± 16.6 µg/dL, 58.8 ± 19.7 µg/dL, 74.2 ± 22.5 µg/dL, respectively; p < 0.01) but not in the second or third weeks (p = 0.08, 0.19, respectively). Conclusions: Zinc supplementation did not reduce the mortality rate or length of ICU stay or contribute to an increased serum zinc concentration. High-dose zinc supplementation may not be effective during acute sepsis.

The Marun–Keu complex plays a significant role in our understanding of the geological evolution of the Ural orogen; however, it remains poorly understood. This study aims to provide insights into the complex’s age, protolith composition, rock formation conditions, and its position in the geological history. The zircons from the host granitic gneiss are characterized by magmatic cores with an age of 473 Ma and metamorphic rims with an age of approximately 370 Ma. We suggest that the metamorphic rims were formed during eclogite metamorphism and that the metagranitoids hosting the eclogites experienced eclogite metamorphism simultaneously with the basic and ultrabasic rocks that are common in this area. Heterogeneous zircons were also isolated from the selvage of a pegmatite vein, in which four domains are distinguished, two to three of which can be identified within single grains, as follows: (1) igneous cores with an age of approximately 470 Ma and the geochemical characteristics of zircon crystallized in basic rocks; (2) zircons recrystallized during eclogite metamorphism with geochemical characteristics intermediate between those of the magmatic cores and true eclogitic zircon; (3) pegmatitic zircon, exhibiting the most sharply differentiated REE spectra of all four domains, characterized by a prominent positive Ce anomaly and a weakly expressed negative Eu anomaly; and (4) eclogitic zircon, observed in the form of veins and rims, superimposed in relation to the other three domains. The age of the latter three domains is within the error range and is estimated to be approximately 370 Ma. This indicates that the processes of eclogite metamorphism and the formation of pegmatites occurred at approximately the same time in the studied area.

This study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between geological structures, water chemistry, and isotopic composition in order to gain a deeper understanding of the origins and recharge mechanisms of thermal–mineral waters in the Kyllini region. The research integrates tectonic analysis, hydrochemical data, and stable isotope measurements to delineate recharge zones and trace the origin of these unique water sources. The methods used for delineation are the geological and tectonic study of the area, as well as hydrochemical and isotopic data analysis. The findings highlight that tectonic activity creates preferential flow paths and consequently influences the hydrogeological framework, facilitating deep circulation and the upwelling of thermal waters. Monthly analyses of groundwater samples from the Kyllini thermal spring were conducted over one hydrological year (2019–2020) and compared with data from the area collected in 2009. The hydrochemical profiles of major and minor ions reveal distinct signatures corresponding to various water–rock interactions, while stable isotope analysis provides insights into the climatic conditions and altitudes of recharge areas. Hydrochemical analyses reveal the composition of thermal–mineral waters, aiding in the identification of potential sources and their evolution. The conceptualization of Kyllini contributes to the deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between tectonics, hydrochemistry, and stable isotopes. During a hydrological year, the water type of Kyllini’s spring groundwater remains the same (Na-Cl-HCO3), presenting only slight alterations.

Thick coal seams recorded abundant petrological, geochemical, and mineralogical information regarding their formation, which in turn can reflect the characteristics of the coal-forming environments, provenance attributes, paleoclimate, and so on. In order to explore the geochemical and lead isotope characteristics of thick coal seams, the No. 7 coal seam in the Datun mining area, Jiangsu Province of China, was selected as the research object. In this work, 29 samples (including coal, roof, and floor rock samples) were collected from three coal mines in the Datun mining area. Through an analysis of the mineral composition and element geochemical characteristics in the coal samples, the enrichment degree of trace elements and modes of rare earth elements were determined. The genetic mechanism of abnormal enrichment of enriched elements is discussed, especially the modes of occurrence and isotope characteristics of Pb. The results showed the following: (1) The main minerals in the coal samples include quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, calcite, dolomite, pyrite, gypsum, and clay minerals, with clay minerals, calcite, quartz, and dolomite being the most common. (2) The major element oxides in coal mainly include SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, and FeO. In the vertical direction, the variation of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, and FeO in coal samples from the three coal mines is consistent. The average value of Al2O3/TiO2 in the samples of Kongzhuang, Longdong, and Yaoqiao coal mines is 28.09–50.52, which basically locates the samples in the felsic source area, such that the sediment source is considered to be felsic source rock. (3) Elements U, La, Pb, and other elements are more enriched in Kongzhuang coal mine samples; elements Th, U, La, Pb, and other elements are more enriched in the Longdong coal mine samples; and elements Th, U, La, Pb, and other elements are more enriched in the Yaoqiao coal mine samples. Furthermore, W is enriched in Yaoqiao mine samples and is highly enriched in Longdong mine samples. The mining area is generally rich in the elements U, La, and Pb. The distribution curves of rare earth elements in the three mines are inclined to the right, with negative Eu anomalies. The enrichment is of the light rare earth enrichment type. (4) Pb isotope data show that the samples from the three mines are mainly distributed in the orogenic belt and the subduction zone lead source areas, where the upper crust and the mantle are mixed, with individual sample points distributed in the mantle and upper crust lead source areas.

The important trace elements, copper and selenium, have diverse effects on human health. As well as other important roles in living tissues, these trace elements are toxic at high levels but are key constituents of various enzymes and proteins essential for maintaining physiological health. However, links between dietary intakes of these elements, particularly copper, and bone mineral density (BMD) in humans remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary intakes of copper and selenium are associated with BMD in women. Dietary intakes of copper and selenium were assessed for 575 women in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, using a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in conjunction with nutrition composition databases. Participants taking oral multivitamin preparations were excluded from analyses; 522 participants (ages 20–88 y) met the eligibility criteria. BMD at multiple skeletal sites was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX-L). Separate multivariable regression models were developed to identify associations between copper and selenium intakes and BMD, after adjustments for age, anthropometry, other dietary factors, medication use, and lifestyle factors. Median (interquartile range) daily intake for copper was 1.5 mg (1.2–1.9) and for selenium, 72 μg (57–90). Low intakes (lowest tertile versus pooled upper tertiles) of copper and selenium were consistently associated with lower BMD at multiple skeletal sites. Fully adjusted models identified small but statistically significant differences in BMD, ranging from 1.8% to 4.0% for low copper intakes and 1.4% to 4.0% for low selenium intakes. Low dietary intakes of copper and selenium were both independently associated with lower BMD, at least in this sample of women. The results contribute to the evidence base for informing dietary recommendations for these trace elements with respect to their contributions to optimal bone health.

Soil serves as a repository of human history, preserving artifacts within its horizons. However, the presence of chemically reactive remnants, such as ancient slags, can significantly impact the surrounding soil environment. This paper addresses this scarcely explored issue by focusing on soil contamination arising from pre-Roman slag deposits at the Monte Romero archaeological site in southwest Spain, dating back to the Tartessian period (c. 7th century BC). Through the high-resolution microscopy examination of slag wastes and the trace element analysis of soil samples by ICP-OES, this study evaluated current contamination status using a multi-index approach. The results revealed markedly high levels of Pb (>5000 mg kg−1), Cu (up to 2730 mg kg−1), and As (up to 445 mg kg−1) in the soil compared to a control sample. The identification of secondary complex compounds like Cu arsenates and Pb arsenates/antimonates within slag cavities suggests post-depositional weathering processes, leading to the dispersion of potentially toxic elements into the surrounding soil. Assessments through indices of contamination and potential ecological risk highlighted severe contamination, particularly concerning Ag, Pb, Sb, Cu, and As. This study underscores the importance of addressing potential environmental hazards associated with archaeological sites hosting remnants of metal production.

Some trace elements are essential for the health of vertebrates, but little is known about their function, the amounts required, and the factors influencing their metabolism in tortoises. The aim of this study was therefore to measure trace elements (chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn)) in heparinized blood plasma of Hermann’s tortoises (Testudo hermanni) (n = 520) from March to September 2022 using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and to establish specific reference intervals. Additionally, the influence of sex, season, and region of sample collection on the measured values were evaluated. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) sex-specific differences were found for Cu, Mg, and Mn; seasonal differences were found for Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Se; and the region in which the tortoises were kept significantly impacted Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, and Se levels. The results show that all of these factors should be consider when establishing and interpreting blood trace element levels in tortoises.

Edible insects are becoming increasingly popular as protein alternatives to traditional animal-based products. As such, information on their elemental composition is important to ensure they are safe for human consumption. This article describes the development and validation of a rapid, reliable method for the simultaneous determination of 19 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn) in edible insects by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following closed vessel microwave digestion. The method was validated using three insect certified reference materials, namely black soldier fly larvae meal (BFLY-1), cricket flour (KRIK-1), and mealworm powder (VORM-1). The method was applied to analyze twelve different (whole) insect species. The maximum amount of each sample was calculated for As, Cd, and Pb with respect to their provisional tolerable daily intake values established by the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization. Most of the samples, except for scorpions and tarantulas, were safe to consume at large doses (1000–10,000 insects per day). Furthermore, most of the samples contained high levels of Fe, K, Na, and Zn, providing a preliminary overview of the nutritional profile of these novel protein alternatives.

(1) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) belongs to the group of complex developmental disorders. Novel studies have suggested that genetic and environmental factors equally affect the risk of ASD. Identification of environmental factors involved in the development of ASD is therefore crucial for a better understanding of its etiology. Whether there is a causal link between trace elements, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ASD remains a matter of debate and requires further studies. (2) In the prospective part of the study, we included 194 children, including an age-matched control group; in the retrospective study, 28 children with available MRI imaging were included. All children had urine analysis of trace elements performed. In those with available brain MRI, linear indexes for the ventricular volumes were measured and calculated. (3) We found the highest vanadium, rubidium, thallium, and silver levels in children with ASD. These elements also correlated with the estimated ventricular volume based on MRI indexes in children with ASD in the subanalysis. However, the severity of the deficits did not correlate with brain MRI indexes of our elements, except negatively with magnesium. (4) Trace elements have an impact on children with ASD, but further multi-centric studies are needed to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms.

The results of the content determination of the selected trace elements Ti, Sr, Ba, Zn, Pb, Cu, S, P, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zr, Mo, Rb, Sc, Y, and REEs were presented in this article. Studies were carried out to define the purity of limestones. The elements were measured in the carbonate minerals of Middle Triassic limestones of the Opole Silesia in Poland, using ICP-MS and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Moreover, the contents of Sc and REY were also determined by electron microprobe analysis. These methods are characterized by high accuracy and precision of the measurement. The research results show that the contents of trace elements vary from below 1 ppm up to some hundreds ppm. The highest content was measured for strontium and the lowest for barium, elements characteristic of aragonite. Their occurrence indicates the presence of aragonite in the primary carbonate material. Some trace elements form substitutions in clay or carbonate minerals. Zn, Pb, Cu, Mo, and Ni may be associated with sulfides, and Ti and Cr may be associated with oxides. Sc and REY usually substitute Ca ions in calcite. The contents of measured Ce, Nd, Sm, Dy, Er, and Y vary from below 1 ppm up to 6 ppm, and Sc from 0 ppm to 10 ppm.

Thyroid function is closely linked to nutrition through the diet–gut–thyroid axis. This narrative review highlights the influence of nutritional components and micronutrients on thyroid development and function, as well as on the gut microbiota. Micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 influence thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation throughout life. Dietary changes can alter the gut microbiota, leading not just to dysbiosis and micronutrient deficiency but also to changes in thyroid function through immunological regulation, nutrient absorption, and epigenetic changes. Nutritional imbalance can lead to thyroid dysfunction and/or disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and possibly contribute to autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, yet controversial issues. Understanding these relationships is important to rationalize a balanced diet rich in essential micronutrients for maintaining thyroid health and preventing thyroid-related diseases. The synthetic comprehensive overview of current knowledge shows the importance of micronutrients and gut microbiota for thyroid function and uncovers potential gaps that require further investigation.

Over the past few decades, climate warming has driven alterations in both the discharge volume and biogeochemical composition of Arctic riverine fluxes. This study investigated the content of macro- and microelements in the lower reaches of the Ob River (western Siberia). Seasonal sampling was performed over a four-year period (2020–2023) during the main hydrological seasons (winter low water, spring-summer floods, and early fall low water) at three river stations. The results revealed significant seasonal variations in the elemental content of the Ob River water associated with changes in catchment inputs, physical and chemical conditions of the aquatic environment, and the amount and composition of incoming suspended sediment. During high water flow events in the Ob River, the concentration of suspended solids increased substantially. During the winter period when the Ob River was ice-covered, a two- to three-fold rise was observed in the concentration of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Si, and Mn. Having accounted for these seasonal variations in water chemistry, we were able to refine our estimates of elemental export to the Arctic Ocean. Compared to estimates from previous studies, we observed 2.3-fold higher dissolved loads of Mn, and the dissolved loads were higher by 2.1-fold for Zn, 1.6-fold for Fe, and 1.4-fold for Pb. The observed rise in elemental export is likely attributable to a confluence of factors, including permafrost thaw, enhanced water inflow from wetland catchments, and intensifying snowfall leading to increased flood runoff.

During the 2021 (n = 15) and 2022 (n = 13) summers, we measured the total and dissolved (

In this study, the concentrations of trace elements (TEs) in Uroteuthis edulis caught from the East China Sea were determined. There were significant differences between TE concentrations in different body parts. Cu, Zn, and Cd were the most concentrated in the digestive glands and the concentrations of Cr and Co were highest in the gills. No significant differences in concentrations were shown between these tissues. In the four tissues analyzed, the mantle recorded the highest proportion of elemental load, while the digestive glands and gills had the lowest proportions. After maturity, TEs in the mantle showed no significant differences. In the digestive gland, the concentrations of all elements, except Zn, were significantly increased. The gonads illustrated apparent increases in the concentrations of Cr, Cu, and As. In the gills, the concentrations of Co and As were markedly increased.

The role of thermal spring waters (TSWs) in the treatment of dermatological disease has been described by several authors, as have their benefits in treating certain skin conditions, among which atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, rosacea, and sensitive skin can be cited. It has been postulated that the mechanisms involved include chemical, thermal, mechanical, and immunological effects, and the chemical composition of thermal water is crucial in its skin effects. Thus, in this review, the effects of the different anions, cations, trace elements, and other compounds present in TSW were investigated, showing that the benefits of TSW can be mainly linked to its content of chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate anions; calcium, sodium, and magnesium cations; and, among its trace elements, boron, selenium, strontium, manganese, and zinc, which are those with greater influence. Other compounds such as SiO2, sulfur anions, and CO2 can also exert specific effects. As a whole, the specific effects can be summarized as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing improvement, skin hydration, and skin barrier recovery activities.

Coffee is a source of micronutrients, including iron, zinc, copper, and manganese. It may also contain toxic metals, such as lead and cadmium. The effects of coffee on the human body may vary depending on its composition. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of ground and instant coffee with regard to the content of selected trace elements. The concentrations of trace elements, including copper, iron, manganese, and zinc, were determined by ICP-AES, while the levels of lead and cadmium were quantified by GF-AAS methods. Furthermore, the degree of coverage of the recommended intake of elements and the risk assessment for human health (EDI, THQ, PTMI, and TWI) were determined. Our findings indicate that the consumption of a cup of coffee provides the body with only small amounts of these elements. A coffee prepared from 6.33 g of ground coffee beans provides 0.08–1.52% of the RDA value, while a coffee prepared from 6.33 g of instant coffee provides 0.46–13.01% of the RDA, depending on the microelement. The low transfer to the brew (Pb = 7.1%; Cd = 30.0%) of the analyzed ground coffees renders them safe for the consumer, even at a consumption of six cups per day. The percentage of benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL0.1) in the case of lead did not exceed 0.9%. The estimated value did not exceed 0.2% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake of cadmium (PTMI). None of the analyzed coffees exhibited any risk regarding the trace elements.

Trace elements such as cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) play necessary roles in different biological functions. Co is a microelement that influences the vascular system. Mo works as an enzymatic cofactor of three enzymes (aldehyde oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and xanthine oxidase dehydrogenase). However, these elements are difficult to detect, since the analytical methods developed have a high cost, which restrict their applicability. In this sense, fluorescent sensors are an alternative for detecting trace elements, such as Mo4+ ions. Herein, a new multichannel trace elements sensor has been proposed to detect Mo entities. In this sense, two different N-CQDs were synthesized and fully characterized. The N-CQDs presented quantum yield values of 25.93% and 6.02% and excellent solubility in water. Also, a mixture of these two carbon-based nanoparticles was used to identify and to quantify Mo in water between seven different trace elements. The method was found to reach 1.28 and 3.88 ppm for limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively. To further verify the potential of the detection platform, the multichannel sensor was applied to identify the different concentrations of metal ions (Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Mo4+) in water. The data matrix was treated using different algorithms, such as K-Means and Discriminant Analysis (DA). The detection strategy has successfully identified the molybdenum ions at 5 ppm. This result shows the potential application of a multichannel sensor toward the detection of Mo entities, since it is comparable with the molybdenum test already available on the market.

The Jinchanghe Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is a representative distal skarn deposit in the Baoshan block. Due to limited research on the sources of ore-forming metals and trace elemental geochemistry of sulfides, the sources and mineralization environments of the Jinchanghe skarn Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit are still controversial. In this study, copper and sulfur isotopes and trace elements of sulfides from the Jinchanghe Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit were analyzed to reveal the sources of ore-forming materials and the ore-forming environments. The trace elemental analysis results show abundant Co, Ni, Mn and Se elements, and less As, Tl and Sb elements dominantly enter pyrite by isomorphic substitution, except for some Zn and Cu that occur as sulfide inclusions in Py1. Abundant Fe and Mn elements could substitute Zn to enter the sphalerite crystal lattice by the isomorphic substitution mechanism of (Fe2+ + Mn2+) ↔ 2Zn2+, and less Ag and Sb elements could enter the sphalerite by the isomorphic substitution mechanism of (Ag+ + Sb3+) ↔ 2Zn2+. The Cu-S isotopic and trace elemental compositions jointly suggest that the Jinchanghe distal skarn Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit formed from magmatic hydrothermal fluids with a sedimentary host-rock contribution, under mesothermal conditions (260 °C on sphalerite).

The study aimed to evaluate for the first time the degree of contamination of soil and crops with major and trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, F, Na, Mg, Si, P, Cl, Fe, Al) in agricultural lands situated in the Lower Danube Basin, Galati and Braila counties (SE Romania), impacted by the steel industry. Soil samples, as well as leaves and seeds of wheat, corn, and sunflower, were collected from two depths in 11 different sites. Along with elemental and mineralogical analyses, performed by HR-CS AAS, PIGE, SEM-EDX, and ATR-FTIR, the soil pH, texture, organic matter, electric conductivity, and CaCO3 content were investigated. The results showed that the levels of Cr (83.27–383.10 mg kg−1), Cu (17.11–68.15 mg kg−1), Ni (30.16–55.66 mg kg−1), and F (319–544 mg kg−1) in soil exceeded the Romanian regulations for sensitive use of the land. Igeo, EF, PI, and PERI pollution indices indicate that the soil is moderate to highly contaminated with Cr, Ni, and Cu, while the CSI and mERMQ indices suggested a relatively low risk for metal contamination. The elemental concentrations in plant tissues and bioaccumulation factors (BFs) provide valuable insights into the soil–plant relationship, health risks, and the selectivity of plant compartments for different elements. Thus, the results revealed that the wheat plants tended to exclude the bioaccumulation of particular elements in their tissues, while exhibiting a different bioaccumulation pattern for Zn and Cu. In the case of corn, most BFs were below one, indicating a limited phytoaccumulation capacity. However, exceptions were observed for Cd, Zn, and Cu with the sunflower BFs indicating higher bioconcentration of these elements in leaves and seeds compared to other elements. Chromium (Cr) contributes to non-carcinogenic dermal contact and ingestion hazards, children being more susceptible to the adverse effects of this contaminant.

The role of trace elements, heavy metals, and their effect on the development of hard tissue mineralization balance is poorly documented and the available results are often contradictory. The aim of the present study was the assessment of the concentration of the selected elements in the teeth of deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) with respect to their potential role in maintaining biomineralization balance in teeth hard tissues. Moreover, the aim was to determine whether trace elements accumulate in teeth with age. This study was conducted on 22 molar teeth of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 54 molar teeth of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Poland. Samples were analyzed with the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry equipped with a concentric nebulizer and cyclonic spray chamber in order to determine their Al, Ba, Cd, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn contents. There were strong positive correlations between strontium and zinc with heavy metals, particularly in dentine, which may affect the neutralization of the negative effects of heavy metals on tooth tissue and, consequently, maintaining ionic balance. The accumulation of trace elements with age in serenades has not been confirmed.

Trace elements are essential for several physiological processes. To date, various data have suggested that inadequate levels of trace elements may be involved in the pathogenesis of different chronic diseases, including immune-mediated ones, or may develop during their course. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune multisystemic disease, primarily characterized by microvascular dysregulation, the widespread activation of the immune system and tissue fibrosis. According to the latest reports regarding the pathogenesis of SSc, the main pathophysiological processes—inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis—may include various trace element derangements. The present literature review aims to update the available data regarding iron, zinc, copper and selenium status in SSc as well as to underline the possible implications of these trace elements in the complexity of the pathogenic process of the disease. We observe that the status of trace elements in SSc plays a crucial role in numerous pathogenic processes, emphasizing the necessity for proper monitoring and supplementation. The reported data are heterogenous and scarce, and future studies are needed in order to draw clearer conclusions about their complete spectrum.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible use of spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of trace elements, including Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the saliva of horses and study their possible changes in equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). EGUS is a highly prevalent disease, with a current high incidence due to the increase in intensive management conditions. There are two EGUS diseases: equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), which can appear individually or together. For this purpose, automated spectrophotometric assays for measuring these analytes in horse saliva were analytically validated. Then, these analytes were measured in the saliva of horses with only ESGD, only EGGD, both ESGD and EGGD and a group of healthy horses. The methods used to measure the analytes were precise and accurate. Horses diagnosed with EGGD presented significantly lower levels of Zn and Mg. Fe concentrations were significantly lower in the saliva of horses with ESGD and EGGD. Overall, these results indicate that there are changes in trace elements in saliva in EGUS that could reflect the physiopathological mechanisms involved in this process and open the possibility of using trace elements as biomarkers of this syndrome.

The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of using maize biomass for the phyto-stabilisation of iron-contaminated soils under conditions involving the application of humic acids (HAs). The biomass yield content of maize trace elements was analysed. In the absence of HAs, the first dose of Fe-stimulated plant biomass growth was compared to the absence of Fe contamination. The highest soil Fe contamination resulted in a very large reduction in maize biomass yield, with a maximum of 93%. The addition of HAs had a positive effect on plant biomass, with a maximum of 53%, and reduced the negative effect of Fe. There was an almost linear increase in maize biomass yield with increasing doses of HAs. Analogous changes were observed in dry matter content in maize. Soil treatment with Fe caused a significant increase in its content in maize biomass, with a maximum increase of three times in the series without HAs. There was also a decrease in Co, Cr and Cd content (by 17%, 21% and 44%, respectively) and an increase in Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn accumulation (by 32%, 63%, 75%, 97% and 203%, respectively). The application of HAs to the soil reduced the content of this trace element and its growth in the biomass of this plant under the influence of Fe contamination. They had a similar effect on other trace elements contained in the maize biomass. HAs contributed to a decrease in the level of most of the tested trace elements (except Ni and Pb) in the maize biomass. The reduction ranged from 11% (Cr and Mn) to 72% (Cd). The accumulation of Ni and Pb in the maize biomass was higher in the objects with HAs application than in the series without their addition. Humic acid application is a promising method for the reduction of the effects of soil Fe contamination on plants.

Forest ecosystems and urban parks are an integral part of the natural environment and the natural system of a city, where they form a mosaic of habitats resulting from the variation in soil cover due to human activities. The study was conducted in urban forests in five urban parks in Upper Silesia (southern Poland) and investigated the chemical properties and content of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in the topsoil, which had an average thickness of 15 cm for all samples. The soil reaction ranged from acidic (pH = 4.7–5.1, in KCl) to slightly acidic (pH = 5.6, to neutral—6.6–7.2) at most sites. The organic carbon (OC) content was relatively high at all sites, ranging from 1.19 to 14.3%, with the highest total nitrogen (Nt) content being 0.481%. The average total phosphorus (Pt) content in the parks ranged from 310 mg kg−1 to 684 mg kg−1, while the highest values were 1840 mg kg−1. The total Cr, Cu, Co and Ni content was within acceptable limits, while the Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Sr and Ba exceeded acceptable standards. In terms of content, Zn dominated the PTMs at each site (Zn > Pb > Ba > Sr > Cu > Cr > As > Ni > Cd > Co), while Ba and Pb alternated in taking second place (Zn > Ba > Pb > Sr > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Co > Cd). Environmental indicators, such as the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and potential ecological risk index (RI), showed that the analyzed soils are highly contaminated with PTMs. Among the sources of pollution in the urban forest are low emissions from coal combustion, industrial activities, water runoff from streets and proximity to transportation routes. Identification of PTM levels in urban parks will provide valuable information on the behavior of these metals, which is important in sustainable development and can help evaluate the local spatial development plans of urbanized areas.

Combustion of woody biomass in professional bioheating plants to generate heat and reduce the dust emissions from this process results in the formation of a huge mass of woody biomass ash (WBA). Due to WBA’s rich chemical composition and the assumptions of the circular economy, this mineral material should be used for environmental purposes to recover valuable macro- and micronutrients. The basis of the research was a pot experiment designed to assess the effect of six doses of WBA (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 g pot−1) on the growth, development, yield, and chemical composition of corn. Each pot contained 9 kg of soil. Observations show that the use of increasing doses of WBA had a positive effect on the height of corn plants, increasing its yield by 7 to 10% but reducing the dry matter content by 0.47 to 1.37% and the leaf greenness index (SPAD). Moreover, WBA application (T1–T5 treatments) had a positive effect on the content of macroelements (N, K, Mg, Ca, and Na) in corn biomass. A significant increase in the content of K (54%), Mg (38%), Ca (43%), and Na (19%) was observed. However, at the same time, a significant increase in the content of heavy metals—Ni, Cd, and Pb—was observed. Different results were obtained for P, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Co, whose content in corn decreased after WBA application to soil. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using WBA in an environmentally friendly way. However, due to the great diversity of this material in terms of the content of undesirable heavy metals, it is necessary to optimize its dosage and monitor its chemical composition. Considering the growing number of bioheating plants in our country in recent years and the resulting increase in the amount of WBA produced, it is necessary to develop a rational and environmentally friendly method for managing them in the future. The results of our research may provide partial indications of such solutions.

Recently, as the number of elderly dialysis patients has been increasing, complications associated with low nutritional status such as infectious disease have had a strong influence on the prognosis of dialysis patients. Nutritional disorders are caused by the inadequate intake of the three major nutrients—proteins, fats, and carbohydrates—as well as vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Minerals are composed of various elements, including small-amount elements and trace elements, which are present in the human body in very small quantities lower than that of iron. In dialysis and predialysis patients, zinc, manganese, and selenium are the three major elements that are significantly depleted as compared to normal subjects; these deficiencies are sometimes symptomatic. Zinc deficiency is manifest as anemia, taste abnormality, and delayed wound healing, while selenium deficiency is associated with impaired cardiac function and immunocompromised condition. Zinc has multiple functions, since various enzymes, including DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase, need zinc as a cofactor, while selenium is a component of selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductases, which are major antioxidative stress enzymes. These elements can only be supplemented exogenously and contribute to the sustainable QOL of dialysis patients. On the other hand, as regards other trace elements, including copper, chromium, manganese, lead, arsenic, etc., the association of their deficiency or intoxication with various involvements of dialysis patients were investigated, although all investigations were performed in cross-sectional studies or observational studies. Therefore, the supplementation of these elements is inconclusive, given the scarcity of other intervention studies. More conclusive studies are endorsed for the establishment of proper supplementation strategies.

Additives can improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion by increasing biogas production, reducing air pollution, and preventing ammonia inhibition. Biological or chemical supplementation can also improve the economic efficiency of anaerobic digestion. However, the effects of specific additives on biogas production can vary, depending on the type of supplement used. This research utilizes the additives on an industrial scale and monitors the optimization of the anaerobic digestion operating parameters after their addition. The various AD additives were examined in a sufficient cycle of operation for three biogas plants located in northern Greece. In this manner, the effectiveness was investigated in multiple initial feeds and unstable operating situations caused by the seasonality of specific feedstocks. The existing operation state in the three biogas plants was recorded before and after adding the supplements. The addition of zeolite contributed to the reduction in the total ammoniacal nitrogen values in BG01 and BG03 plants. 8.4 tn of zeolite were added to the BG01 and BG03 plants over a period of two months. Low levels of trace element concentrations were observed in the BG02 plant; this issue was addressed by adding 5 kg of a trace element mixture every week over a period of 60 days. Introducing additives proved to be a stabilization factor in AD performance and an inhibition mediator.

We investigated the distribution patterns and evaluated the average contents of trace elements in the k7 seam of the Karaganda coal basin in Central Kazakhstan. This paper presents the results of studying the geochemistry of 34 elements in 85 samples of the k7 seam. The study employed a suite of advanced high-resolution analytical methods, including atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP–OES) and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP–MS), along with their processing and interpretation. It was determined that the concentrations of trace elements in the k7 seam are primarily associated with lithophile elements, revealing high concentrations of Li, V, Sc, Zr, Hf, and Ba. Additionally, increased concentrations of Nb, Ta, Se, Te, Ag, and Th were observed compared to the coal Clarke. Specific Nb(Ta)–Zr(Hf)–Li mineralization accompanied by a group of associated metals (Ba, V, Sc, etc.) was identified. The study revealed lateral and vertical heterogeneity of the rare elements’ distributions in coals, attributed to the formation dynamics of the coal basin. A correlation between Li and Al2O3 with a less positive relationship with K2O suggests the affinity of certain elements (Li, Ta, Nb, and Ba) to kaolinite. Clay layers showed increased radioactivity, with Th—13.2 ppm and U—2.6 ppm, indicating the possible presence of volcanogenic pyroclastic rocks characterized by radioactivity. Taken together, these data reveal the features of the rock composition of the source area, which is considered a mineralization source. According to geochemical data, it was found that the source area mainly consists of igneous felsic rocks, indicating that the formation occurred under conditions of a volcanic arc. This study’s novelty lies in estimating the average trace elements in the k7 seam, with elevated concentrations of certain elements that suggest promising prospects for industrial extraction from coals and coal wastes. These findings offer insights into considering coal as a potential source of raw material for rare metal production, guiding the industrial processing of key elements within coal. The potential extraction of metals from coal deposits, including from dumps, holds significance for industrial and commercial technologies, as processing critical coal elements can reduce disposal costs and mitigate their environmental impact.

This study focuses on exploring the indication and importance of selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) in distinguishing different genetic types of ore deposits. Traditional views suggest that dispersed elements are unable to form independent deposits, but are hosted within deposits of other elements as associated elements. Based on this, the study collected trace elemental data of pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite in various types of Se-Te bearing deposits. The optimal end-elements for distinguishing different genetic type deposits were recognized by principal component analysis (PCA) and the silhouette coefficient method, and discriminant diagrams were drawn. However, support vector machine (SVM) calculation of the decision boundary shows low accuracy, revealing the limitations in binary discriminant visualization for ore deposit type discrimination. Consequently, two machine learning algorithms, random forest (RF) and SVM, were used to construct ore genetic type classification models on the basis of trace elemental data for the three types of metal sulfides. The results indicate that the RF classification model for pyrite exhibits the best performance, achieving an accuracy of 94.5% and avoiding overfitting errors. In detail, according to the feature importance analysis, Se exhibits higher Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values in volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) and epithermal deposits, especially the latter, where Se is the most crucial distinguishing element. By comparison, Te shows a significant contribution to distinguishing Carlin-type deposits. Conversely, in porphyry- and skarn-type deposits, the contributions of Se and Te were relatively lower. In conclusion, the application of machine learning methods provides a novel approach for ore genetic type classification and discrimination research, enabling more accurate identification of ore genetic types and contributing to the exploration and development of mineral resources.

The assessment of soil contamination in the vicinity of integrated siderurgical plants is of outmost importance for agroecosystems and human health, and sensitive techniques should be employed for accurate assessment of chemical elements (metals, potential toxic elements, rare earths, radioelements) in soil and further evaluation of potential ecological and safety risk. In this paper a total of 45 major, minor and trace elements (Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Eu, Fe, Hf, Hg, I, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr) were quantified in soils located around a large siderurgical works (Galati, SE Romania) using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in combination with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). The statistical analysis results and vertical distribution patterns for three depths (0–5 cm, 5–20 cm, 20–30 cm) indicate inputs of toxic elements in the sites close to the ironmaking and steelmaking facilities and industrial wastes dumping site. For selected elements, a comparison with historical, legislated and world reported concentration values in soil was performed and depth migration, contamination and toxic risk indices were assessed. The distribution of major, rock forming elements was closer to the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), and to the Dobrogea loess, a finding confirmed by the ternary diagram of the incompatible trace elements Sc, La and Th, as well as by the La to Th rate. At the same time, the La/Th vs. Sc and Th/Sc vs. Zr/Sc bi-plots suggested a felsic origin and a weak recycling of soils’ mineral components.

During lactation, heavy metals and trace elements can be mobilised from the maternal body stores and excreted via human milk. A total of 66 mature human milk samples were collected from lactating women in Latvia between 2016 and 2017 to analyse the content of As, Cd, Pb, Al, Sn, and Ni. Additionally, 50 mature human milk samples were collected between 2022 and 2023 to analyse the content of Cd and Pb. The content of heavy metals and trace elements in human milk was determined using ICP-MS. Only two individual human milk samples contained heavy metals above the method’s detection limit—one with an arsenic content of 0.009 mg kg−1 and one with a lead content of 0.047 mg kg−1. The preliminary data show that human milk among lactating women in Latvia contains only insignificant amounts of heavy metals and trace elements. Concern over such content should not be a reason to choose formula feeding over breastfeeding. Nevertheless, heavy metals, trace elements and other pollutants in human milk should be continuously monitored.

This scoping review aims to investigate longitudinal changes in minerals and vitamins concentrations in human milk among the Chinese population. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted using both English and Chinese databases. Data were extracted and categorized into six defined lactation stages. We found that the concentration of most minerals decreased throughout the lactation period, although calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) fluctuated slightly across lactation periods. Fat-soluble vitamins also showed a decline throughout the lactation period, while water-soluble vitamins exhibited an increasing trend. However, folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid demonstrated a downward trend. Overall, this review has identified the longitudinal changes in minerals and vitamins concentrations in human milk among the Chinese population. In order to conduct a more in-depth examination of maternal characteristics and nutritional factors of the composition of human milk, it is recommended to utilize standardized protocols for the collection and analysis of human milk samples.

Water quality modeling is a key element for the support of environmental protection and policymaking. The aim of this work is to describe the application of a far-field water quality model for the simulation of marine pollution occurring from heavy metals (cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, and zinc). The highly stressed marine area of the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean) was chosen for investigation. Major pollution sources were identified, loads were estimated, and the model was parameterized to reproduce the local seawater conditions. The distribution of the pollutants between the dissolved and particulate phases was examined. The performance of the model set-up was evaluated using field concentration measurements. The described implementation succeeded in reproducing the observed levels of pollution and therefore can be used as a baseline configuration to examine the cumulative impact of future pollution sources; for example, accidental pollution events.

The Baiyun gold deposit is a medium-sized deposit in northeastern Hubei around the southern margin of the Tongbai-Dabie metallogenic belt. However, its genesis has not been determined. The metallogenic process of the Baiyun gold deposit can be divided into three stages: quartz + feldspar, quartz + native gold + electrum + polymetallic sulfides, and quartz + pyrite + calcite + iron dolomite + illite. In this study, LA-ICP-MS was used for in situ trace element and isotope analyses in the main and late ore stage hydrothermal sulfides to evaluate the genesis and evolution of ore-forming fluids. Gold is positively correlated with Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Te and the Co/Ni ratio is greater than 1. The S isotope values of Py1 and Py2 are −0.23–3.04‰ and 1.27–6.09‰, respectively. As mineralization progressed, S isotope values increased. In situ S isotope values of the two types of galena symbiotic with pyrite in the main metallogenic stage are 2.97–3.47‰. In situ Fe isotopic values of pyrite are −0.05–0.82‰; values in the two stages are similar without significant fractionation. We inferred that the Baiyun gold deposit formed via magmatic mineralization related to the subduction of the Pacific Plate during the Yanshanian.