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2. One-Hour Post-Load Plasma Glucose and Altered Glucometabolic Profile in Youths with Overweight or Obesity

Author

Di Bonito, Procolo, primary, Valerio, Giuliana, additional, Licenziati, Maria Rosaria, additional, Corica, Domenico, additional, Wasniewska, Malgorzata, additional, Di Sessa, Anna, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Morandi, Anita, additional, Maffeis, Claudio, additional, Mozzillo, Enza, additional, Calcaterra, Valeria, additional, Franco, Francesca, additional, Maltoni, Giulio, additional, and Faienza, Maria Felicia, additional

Published
2023
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3. From Clinical Scenarios to the Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Children: A Focus for the General Pediatrician

Author

Palma, Pier Luigi, primary, Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional, Di Sessa, Anna, additional, Guarino, Stefano, additional, Capalbo, Daniela, additional, Marrapodi, Maria Maddalena, additional, Buccella, Giulia, additional, Cameli, Sabrina, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Torella, Marco, additional, Colacurci, Nicola, additional, and Capristo, Carlo, additional

Published
2023
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4. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on the Relationship between Pediatric MAFLD and Renal Function

Author

Valentino, Maria Sole, primary, Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional, Esposito, Claudia, additional, Bartiromo, Mario, additional, Nardolillo, Michele, additional, Villani, Annalisa Valentina, additional, Maresca, Alessandro, additional, Furcolo, Giuseppe, additional, Guarino, Stefano, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, and Di Sessa, Anna, additional

Published
2023
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7. Effects of Lockdown for COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Retrospective Pilot Study

Author

Palma, Pier Luigi, primary, Sessa, Anna Di, additional, Passaro, Antonio Paride, additional, Palladino, Eleonora, additional, Furcolo, Giuseppe, additional, Barlabà, Annalisa, additional, Rivetti, Giulio, additional, Lucia, Maeva De, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Guarino, Stefano, additional, and Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional

Published
2023
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8. Which Is the Most Appropriate Cut-Off of HbA1c for Prediabetes Screening in Caucasian Youths with Overweight or Obesity?

Author

Di Bonito, Procolo, primary, Licenziati, Maria Rosaria, additional, Corica, Domenico, additional, Wasniewska, Malgorzata, additional, Di Sessa, Anna, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Morandi, Anita, additional, Maffeis, Claudio, additional, Faienza, Maria Felicia, additional, Mozzillo, Enza, additional, Calcaterra, Valeria, additional, Franco, Francesca, additional, Maltoni, Giulio, additional, and Valerio, Giuliana, additional

Published
2023
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10. Diagnostic Performance of the Acute Kidney Injury Baseline Creatinine Equations in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Onset

Author

Palma, Pier Luigi, primary, Guarino, Stefano, additional, Di Sessa, Anna, additional, Rivetti, Giulio, additional, Barlabà, Annalisa, additional, Scaglione, Federica, additional, Capalbo, Daniela, additional, Papparella, Alfonso, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, and Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional

Published
2022
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11. Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire Predicts Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Author

Umano, Giuseppina Rosaria, primary, Rondinelli, Giulia, additional, Luciano, Margherita, additional, Pennarella, Alessandro, additional, Aiello, Francesca, additional, Mangoni di Santo Stefano, Giuseppe Salvatore R. C., additional, Di Sessa, Anna, additional, Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional, Papparella, Alfonso, additional, and Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional

Published
2022
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14. Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Acute Appendicitis

Author

Marzuillo, Pierluigi, primary, Coppola, Crescenzo, additional, Caiazzo, Roberta, additional, Macchini, Giulia, additional, Di Sessa, Anna, additional, Guarino, Stefano, additional, Esposito, Francesco, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, and Tipo, Vincenzo, additional

Published
2022
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15. Metabolic Treatment of Wolfram Syndrome

Author

Iafusco, Dario, primary, Zanfardino, Angela, additional, Piscopo, Alessia, additional, Curto, Stefano, additional, Troncone, Alda, additional, Chianese, Antonietta, additional, Rollato, Assunta Serena, additional, Testa, Veronica, additional, Iafusco, Fernanda, additional, Maione, Giovanna, additional, Pennarella, Alessandro, additional, Boccabella, Lucia, additional, Ozen, Gulsum, additional, Palma, Pier Luigi, additional, Mazzaccara, Cristina, additional, Tinto, Nadia, additional, and Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional

Published
2022
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16. Early Renal Ultrasound in Patients with Congenital Solitary Kidney Can Guide Follow-Up Strategy Reducing Costs While Keeping Long-Term Prognostic Information

Author

Guarino, Stefano, primary, Di Sessa, Anna, additional, Riccio, Simona, additional, Capalbo, Daniela, additional, Reginelli, Alfonso, additional, Cappabianca, Salvatore, additional, Rambaldi, Pier Francesco, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Polito, Cesare, additional, and Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional

Published
2022
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17. New Insights from Metabolomics in Pediatric Renal Diseases

Author

Riccio, Simona, primary, Valentino, Maria Sole, additional, Passaro, Antonio Paride, additional, Izzo, Marica, additional, Guarino, Stefano, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional, and Di Sessa, Anna, additional

Published
2022
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18. Recommendations on Complementary Feeding as a Tool for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)—Paper Co-Drafted by the SIPPS, FIMP, SIDOHaD, and SINUPE Joint Working Group

Author

Caroli, Margherita, primary, Vania, Andrea, additional, Verga, Maria Carmen, additional, Di Mauro, Giuseppe, additional, Bergamini, Marcello, additional, Cuomo, Barbara, additional, D’Anna, Rosaria, additional, D’Antonio, Giuseppe, additional, Dello Iacono, Iride, additional, Dessì, Angelica, additional, Doria, Mattia, additional, Fanos, Vassilios, additional, Fiore, Michele, additional, Francavilla, Ruggiero, additional, Genovesi, Simonetta, additional, Giussani, Marco, additional, Gritti, Antonella, additional, Iafusco, Dario, additional, Leonardi, Lucia, additional, Miniello, Vito Leonardo, additional, Miraglia Del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Palma, Filomena, additional, Pastore, Francesco, additional, Scotese, Immacolata, additional, Simeone, Giovanni, additional, Squicciarini, Marco, additional, Tezza, Giovanna, additional, Troiano, Ersilia, additional, and Umano, Giuseppina Rosa, additional

Published
2022
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20. Exploring the Performance of Ultrasound Risk Stratification Systems in Thyroid Nodules of Pediatric Patients

Author

Scappaticcio, Lorenzo, primary, Maiorino, Maria Ida, additional, Iorio, Sergio, additional, Docimo, Giovanni, additional, Longo, Miriam, additional, Grandone, Anna, additional, Luongo, Caterina, additional, Cozzolino, Immacolata, additional, Piccardo, Arnoldo, additional, Trimboli, Pierpaolo, additional, Miraglia Del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Esposito, Katherine, additional, and Bellastella, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2021
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22. Childhood Obesity and Maternal Personality Traits: A New Point of View on Obesity Behavioural Aspects

Author

Precenzano, Francesco, primary, Smirni, Daniela, additional, Vetri, Luigi, additional, Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional, Lanzara, Valentina, additional, Bitetti, Ilaria, additional, Siciliano, Margherita, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, Esposito, Maria, additional, Santoro, Nicola, additional, and Carotenuto, Marco, additional

Published
2021
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24. MAFLD in Obese Children: A Challenging Definition

Author

Di Sessa, Anna, primary, Guarino, Stefano, additional, Umano, Giuseppina Rosaria, additional, Arenella, Mattia, additional, Alfiero, Salvatore, additional, Quaranta, Gaetano, additional, Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele, additional, and Marzuillo, Pierluigi, additional

Published
2021
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25. Role of Cannabinoids in Obesity

Author

Rossi, Francesca, primary, Punzo, Francesca, additional, Umano, Giuseppina, additional, Argenziano, Maura, additional, and Miraglia Del Giudice, Emanuele, additional

Published
2018
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27. Diagnostic Performance of the Acute Kidney Injury Baseline Creatinine Equations in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Onset

Author

Pier Luigi Palma, Stefano Guarino, Anna Di Sessa, Giulio Rivetti, Annalisa Barlabà, Federica Scaglione, Daniela Capalbo, Alfonso Papparella, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice, Pierluigi Marzuillo, Palma, Pier Luigi, Guarino, Stefano, Di Sessa, Anna, Rivetti, Giulio, Barlabà, Annalisa, Scaglione, Federica, Capalbo, Daniela, Papparella, Alfonso, Miraglia Del Giudice, Emanuele, Marzuillo, Pierluigi, Palma, Pl, Guarino, S, Di Sessa, A, Rivetti, G, Barlaba, A, Scaglione, F, Capalbo, D, Papparella, A, del Giudice, Em, and Marzuillo, P

Subjects
type 1 diabetes mellitu, acute kidney injury, type 1 diabetes mellitus, creatinine, estimation, Clinical Biochemistry
Abstract

Three new equations for calculating the estimated basal serum creatinine (ebSCr) in hospitalized children have been developed: the simplified acute kidney injury (AKI) baseline creatinine (ABC) equation which considered only age in the formula; the equation including age and minimum creatinine (Crmin) within the initial 72 h from hospitalization (ABC-cr); and the equation including Crmin and height, weight, and age as squared values (ABC-advanced). We aimed to test the diagnostic performance of the ABC, ABC-cr and ABC-advanced equations in diagnosing AKI in 163 prospectively enrolled children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) onset. We considered measured basal serum creatinine (mbSCr), the creatinine measured 14 days after T1DM onset. AKI was defined by the highest/basal serum creatine (HC/BC) ratio > 1.5. On the basis of the mbSCr, the AKI was diagnosed in 66/163 (40.5%) patients. This prevalence was lower than the prevalence of AKI diagnosed on the basis of ABC ebSCr (122/163 patients; 74.8%) (p < 0.001) and similar to the prevalence of AKI diagnosed on the basis of ABC-cr ebSCr (72/163 patients; 44.2%) (p = 0.5) and to the prevalence of AKI diagnosed on the basis of ABC-advanced ebSCr (69/163; 42.3%) (p = 0.73). AKI determined using ABC ebSCr, ABC-cr ebSCr and ABC-advanced ebSCr showed, respectively, 63.5% (kappa = 0.35; p < 0.001), 87.7% (kappa = 0.75; p < 0.001), and 87.1% (kappa = 0.74; p < 0.001) agreement with AKI determined using mbSCr. Using the HC/BC ratio calculated on the basis of mbSCr as gold standard, for Bland–Altman plots the HC/BC ratio calculated on the basis of ABC formula presented higher bias and wider limits of agreement compared with the HC/BC ratio calculated on the basis of ABC-cr and ABC-advanced formulas. In the receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis the HC/BC ratio calculated on the basis of ABC ebSCr presented lower area under the ROC curve (AUROC) (AUROC = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.85–0.95; p < 0.001) compared with HC/BC ratio calculated on the basis of ABC-cr (AUROC = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.91–0.98; p < 0.001) or ABC-advanced ebSCr (AUROC = 0.914; 95%CI: 0.91–0.97; p < 0.001). In both Bland–Altman plots and ROC curve analysis, the ABC-cr and ABC-advanced formulas performed similarly. In conclusion, the ABC-cr and ABC-advanced formulas present very good diagnostic performance toward AKI identification in a population of children with T1DM onset.

Published
2022
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28. Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Acute Appendicitis

Author

Pierluigi Marzuillo, Crescenzo Coppola, Roberta Caiazzo, Giulia Macchini, Anna Di Sessa, Stefano Guarino, Francesco Esposito, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice, Vincenzo Tipo, Marzuillo, Pierluigi, Coppola, Crescenzo, Caiazzo, Roberta, Macchini, Giulia, Di Sessa, Anna, Guarino, Stefano, Esposito, Francesco, Miraglia Del Giudice, Emanuele, and Tipo, Vincenzo

Subjects
acute kidney injury, children, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, acute appendiciti
Abstract

We hypothesized that-as in other common pediatric conditions-acute appendicitis (AA) could be complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of, and the factors associated with AKI in a cohort of patients with AA. We retrospectively collected data of 122 children (63.9% of male gender; mean age 8.6 +/- 2.9 years; range: 2.2-13.9 years) hospitalized for AA. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease/Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria. We considered a basal serum creatinine value as the value of creatinine estimated with the Hoste (age) equation, assuming that the basal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 120 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Explorative univariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations with AKI. Out of 122 patients, nine (7.4%) presented with AKI. One patient had stage two AKI and the remaining had stage one AKI. The maximum AKI stage was found at admission. The patients with AKI showed a higher prevalence of fever >= 38.5 degrees C (p = 0.02), vomiting (p = 0.03), >= 5% dehydration (p = 0.03), and higher levels of both C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.002) and neutrophils (p = 0.03) compared with patients without AKI. Because all patients with AKI also presented with vomiting, an Odds Ratio (OR) for the vomiting was not calculable. The exploratory univariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that fever >= 38.5 degrees C (OR = 5.0; 95% CI: 1.2/21.5; p = 0.03), >= 5% dehydration (OR = 8.4; 95% CI: 1.1/69.6; p = 0.04), CRP (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.05/1.2; p = 0.01), and neutrophil levels (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.01/1.3; p = 0.04) were all predictive factors of AKI. AKI can occur in 7.4% of patients with AA. Particular attention should be paid to the kidney health of patients with AA especially in the presence of vomiting, >= 5% dehydration, fever >= 38.5 degrees C, and high CRP and neutrophils levels.

Published
2022
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29. Oral Manifestations in Scurvy Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and a Case Report

Author

Alberta Lucchese, Antonio Romano, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice, Speranza Cioffi, Rosario Serpico, Maria Francesca Gicchino, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, Fausto Fiori, Gicchino, MARIA FRANCESCA, Romano, Antonio, Cioffi, Speranza, Fiori, Fausto, MIRAGLIA DEL GIUDICE, Emanuele, Lucchese, Alberta, Olivieri, Alma Nunzia, and Serpico, Rosario

Subjects
Technology, medicine.medical_specialty, QH301-705.5, QC1-999, scurvy, Pediatric Dentists, gingival disorders, Signs and symptoms, Disease, Clinical manifestation, Diagnostic tools, Diet habits, Intervention (counseling), Medicine, General Materials Science, vitamin C deficiency, Biology (General), Intensive care medicine, QD1-999, Instrumentation, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, clinical manifestations, Gingival disorder, business.industry, Physics, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, Scurvy, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), medicine.disease, Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, oral scurvy, TA1-2040, business, Pediatric population
Abstract

Scurvy is generated by lack of vitamin C; although it is considered a rare and past disease, scurvy continues to be detected in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and with selective diet habits. Identifying scurvy can be demanding due to the perceived rarity of the condition, and it can become a tricky diagnostic question given to the variety of nonspecific symptoms, including gingival manifestations. This study aims to identify most common clinical features in order to provide a complete picture of the signs and symptoms, and to offer clinicians the diagnostic tools for identifying patients suffering from scurvy. We present a case report of a child affected by scurvy; it has also been performed as a systematic review about scurvy in pediatric population. A search yielded 107 relevant studies since 1990. Most of the identified cases have shown oral, musculoskeletal and cutaneous manifestation that improved within a few days of starting vitamin C therapy. Identifying scurvy’s characteristic clinical features allows a timely diagnosis, thus avoiding invasive investigations. Pediatric dentists should possess adequate knowledge and experience to identify the main characteristics of scurvy. This can help facilitate a prompt diagnosis in order to provide timely intervention to the patient that is relatively ease and safe.

Published
2021
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30. The Association between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk in Children

Author

Giuseppina Rosaria Umano, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice, Anna Di Sessa, Di Sessa, Anna, Umano, Giuseppina Rosaria, and Miraglia Del Giudice, Emanuele

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, cardiac, Review, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Chronic liver disease, digestive system, Gastroenterology, Childhood obesity, diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, atherosclerosi, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Risk factor, risk, Subclinical infection, disease, business.industry, cardiovascular, Fatty liver, lcsh:RJ1-570, nutritional and metabolic diseases, lcsh:Pediatrics, Non alcoholic, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, abnormalitie, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, abnormalities, atherosclerosis, business, Pediatric population
Abstract

The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in the past decades has made Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) the most common cause of pediatric chronic liver disease worldwide. Currently, a growing body of evidence links NAFLD with cardiovascular disease (CVD) even at an early age. Data on the pediatric population have shown that NAFLD could represent an independent risk factor not only for cardiovascular events but also for early subclinical abnormalities in myocardial structure and function. Briefly, we review the current knowledge regarding the relationship between pediatric NAFLD and cardiovascular risk in an attempt to clarify our understanding of NAFLD as a possible cardiovascular risk factor in childhood.

Published
2017
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31. Kidney Damage in Pediatric Obesity: Insights from an Emerging Perspective.

Author

Forcina G, Luciano M, Frattolillo V, Mori S, Monaco N, Guarino S, Marzuillo P, Miraglia Del Giudice E, and Di Sessa A

Abstract

The role of obesity as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood has been well established. Over the last years, kidney damage (KD) has emerged as a significant consequence of obesity since childhood. Indeed, a complex interplay of metabolic factors, including insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, might affect renal hemodynamics, contributing to CKD development over time in at-risk young patients. As the prevalence of pediatric obesity continues to rise globally, understanding the implications for kidney health in terms of early intervention is of paramount importance. Careful monitoring of kidney function within a multidisciplinary approach in children with obesity is crucial for detecting early KD, allowing for timely lifestyle modifications and treatment. In this framework, continued research is essential to further elucidate mechanisms linking obesity and KD and to explore not only effective preventive strategies but also the long-term impact of obesity on kidney health in children with obesity. Given the intimate link of KD with the metabolic milieu in children with obesity, we aimed to provide a comprehensive and insightful overview on KD and its implications in pediatric obesity by reviewing the most recent literature in the field.

Published
2024
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32. Severe Obesity Defined by Percentiles of WHO and Cardiometabolic Risk in Youth with Obesity.

Author

Valerio G, Di Bonito P, Di Sessa A, Ballarin G, Calcaterra V, Corica D, Faienza MF, Franco F, Licenziati MR, Maffeis C, Maltoni G, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Morandi A, Mozzillo E, and Wasniewska M

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The pediatric definition of severe obesity (OB) depends on the body mass index (BMI) references. We evaluated different BMI-derived metrics of the World Health Organization (WHO) system to define which cut-off is associated with the highest cardiometabolic risk (CMR); Methods: In this multicentric study, data were retrieved for 3727 youths (1937 boys; 2225 children, 1502 adolescents). OB was defined as BMI > 97th percentile (BMI 97th ), severe OB was defined as BMI > 99th percentile (BMI 99th ), BMI ≥ 120% of the 97th percentile (120% BMI 97th ), or BMI Z-score > 3 (WHO tables), or BMI ≥ the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) value crossing a BMI of 35 kg/m 2 at the age of 18 (IOTF 35 ). The continuous CMR Z-score (sum of residual standardized for age and sex of waist-to-height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol x -1) and the cluster of at least two CMR factors (hypertension, high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, and high waist-to-height ratio) were calculated. Results: Continuous CMR Z-score was significantly higher both in children or adolescents with severe OB defined by 120% BMI 97th compared to BMI 99th ( p < 0.0001), while it was lower only in adolescents with severe OB defined by 120% BMI 97th compared to BMI Z-score >3 ( p < 0.0001). Compared to 120% BMI 97th , BMI Z-score > 3 and IOTF 35 had higher specificity, but lower sensitivity in identifying children and adolescents with clustered CMR factors. Conclusions: The definition of severe OB based on 120% BMI 97th is superior to BMI 99th but it is inferior to BMI Z score > 3 as far as the association between severe OB and CMR factors is concerned. Pediatricians should take into consideration the implication of the use of different BMI metrics in those countries that recommend the WHO system. WHO BMI Z-score > 3 and IOTF 35 can be used interchangeably to predict cardiometabolic risk.

Published
2024
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33. Effectiveness of Smartphone App for the Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author

Umano GR, Masino M, Cirillo G, Rondinelli G, Massa F, Mangoni di Santo Stefano GSRC, Di Sessa A, Marzuillo P, Miraglia Del Giudice E, and Buono P

Abstract

Background: Pediatric obesity treatment is based on high-intensity lifestyle counseling. However, high dropout rates and low effectiveness have been reported, even in specialized centers. Mobile health technologies have been used to overcome these limits with contrasting results. This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of a six-month intervention with a mobile app for the treatment of pediatric obesity at 6 and 12 months of follow-up., Methods: Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned to standard care or standard care plus mobile app (2:1) using an online randomizer system. The mobile app delivered high-intensity lifestyle counseling for diet and physical activity., Results: At six months of follow-up, the M-App group showed significantly lower dropout rates compared to standard care ( p = 0.01). The risk of dropout was significantly higher in controls compared to the intervention group (OR 3.86, 95% C.I. 1.39-10.42, p = 0.01). After one year, we observed lower albeit non-statistically significant dropout rates in the M-App compared to the standard care group ( p = 0.24). No differences were observed in z-score BMI and percentage of BMI reduction between the two groups., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the mobile app might help in the clinical management of children and adolescents with obesity in terms of dropout reduction.

Published
2024
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34. Acute Kidney Injury in Children: A Focus for the General Pediatrician.

Author

Rivetti G, Gizzone P, Petrone D, Di Sessa A, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Guarino S, and Marzuillo P

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant challenges in pediatric care, often remaining underrecognized. This paper provides an overview of pediatric AKI, highlighting its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, predisposing conditions, and treatment. AKI in children stems from diverse causes, including renal tubular damage, vasoconstriction, and inflammation. Diagnosis relies on traditional markers such as serum creatinine and urine output, alongside emerging biomarkers such as Cystatin C, NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, TIMP-2 and IGFBP7, urinary calprotectin, URBP4, L-FABP, and clusterin. Various pediatric conditions predispose to AKI, including type 1 diabetes, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, appendicitis, gastroenteritis, COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, sickle cell disease, and malignancies. Treatment entails supportive care with fluid management and, in severe cases, renal replacement therapy. Timely recognition and management are essential to mitigating adverse outcomes. Enhanced awareness and integration of novel biomarkers could improve pediatric AKI care, warranting further research for better diagnosis and management.

Published
2024
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35. The Association between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk in Children.

Author

Di Sessa A, Umano GR, and Miraglia Del Giudice E

Abstract

The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in the past decades has made Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) the most common cause of pediatric chronic liver disease worldwide. Currently, a growing body of evidence links NAFLD with cardiovascular disease (CVD) even at an early age. Data on the pediatric population have shown that NAFLD could represent an independent risk factor not only for cardiovascular events but also for early subclinical abnormalities in myocardial structure and function. Briefly, we review the current knowledge regarding the relationship between pediatric NAFLD and cardiovascular risk in an attempt to clarify our understanding of NAFLD as a possible cardiovascular risk factor in childhood., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2017
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