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This study highlights the critical role of maintaining high power quality in autonomous grids, particularly in complex systems with significant non-linear loads, such as shipboard power systems. Power quality issues such as voltage harmonic distortion and imbalance can lead to serious malfunctions and even accidents. This paper proposes an advanced predictive control algorithm with feedback from the supply current developed for a shunt active power filter. The presented control algorithm is characterized by high effectiveness in compensating supply current harmonics, imbalance, and reactive power, thereby improving power quality. This high performance in executing compensation tasks has been confirmed through experimental tests conducted in an autonomous grid powered by a diesel generator. The research results also include the system’s adaptability under varying load conditions, the impact of delays, and the converter’s non-linearities on the operation of the active power filter.