Search

The intrinsic attributes and service functions of community gardens (CGs) are closely related to the stage of national development and social needs. With the gradual implementation of China’s urban micro-renewal policy, many CGs have been gradually developed, but they still face problems such as poor operation and low participation, which urgently require us to carry out site-based research under China’s actual national conditions. Constructing a human’s perception value-oriented evaluation system and summarizing the optimization strategies according to the evaluation results can provide more systematic and targeted practical guidance for the construction of CGs in China. We developed a set of evaluation metrics for CGs based network text analysis, literature analysis, and expert opinions and collected 245 questionnaires from 20 existing CGs in Wuhan as a study sample. Using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, we conducted statistical analysis of data for each type of CG. The results show that “Mosquito impact”, “Facility maintenance”, and “Social experience” are essential parts of residential-type community gardens (Resi-CGs) that are easily overlooked; that the users of commercial-type community gardens (Comm-CGs) consider that “Mosquito impact” is a serious deficiency; that campus-type community gardens (Camp-CGs) need to be optimized with regard to the aspects of “Crop stewardship” and “Leisure facilities”; and finally that there is no significant trend in the key improvement indicators of company-type community gardens (Comp-CGs) and the indicators like “Fitness and recreation experience”, “Crop diversity”, and “Aesthetics” need to be improved. According to the above results, we put forward specific optimization strategies to provide development guidelines and practical guidance for the future construction of CGs.

Background and Objectives: Postoperative pain after lower abdominal surgery is typically severe. Traditionally, in pediatric anesthesia, a caudal block (CB) has been used for pain management in these cases. Nowadays, a transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) seems to be an effective alternative. However, which technique for perioperative analgesia is better and more effective remains unclear in children who undergo abdominal surgeries. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a TAPB and CB for pain management in children after abdominal surgery by conducting a meta-analysis of published papers in this area. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a TAPB and CB for pain management in children who had abdominal surgery. Two researchers screened and assessed all the information with RevMan5.3 used for this meta-analysis. Pain scores, the total dose of rescue analgesic given, the mean duration of analgesia, the intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic conditions 24 h after surgery, and adverse events were compared. Results: 15 RCTs that involved a total of 970 pediatric patients were included in this study. The results of this meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of postoperative pain scores at 1 h (SMD = 0.35; 95% CI = −0.54 to 1.24; p = 0.44, I2 = 94%), 6 h (SMD = −0.10; 95% CI = −0.44 to −0.23; p = 0.55, I2 = 69%), 12 h (SMD = −0.02; 95% CI = −0.45 to −0.40; p = 0.93, I2 = 80%), and 24 h (SMD = −0.66; 95% CI = −1.57 to −0.25; p = 0.15, I2 = 94%); additional analgesic requirement (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.63; p = 0.004, I2 = 72%); total dose of rescue analgesic given in 24 h (SMD = −0.37; 95% CI = −1.33 to −0.58; p = 0.44; I2 = 97%); mean duration of analgesia (SMD = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.01 to 2.57; p = 0.05, I2 = 98%); parents’ satisfaction (SMD = 0.44; 95% CI = −0.12 to 1.0; p = 0.12; I2 = 80%); and intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic conditions 24 h after the surgery and adverse events (SMD = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.22 to 2.82; p = 0.70; I2 = 62%). Compared to a CB, a TAPB resulted in a small but significant reduction in additional analgesic requirement after surgery (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.63; p = 0.004). Conclusions: TAPBs and CBs result in similar efficient early analgesia and safety profiles in children undergoing abdominal surgeries. Moreover, no disparities were observed for adverse effects between TAPBs and CBs.

At present, some shortcomings of the research on coupling modeling of the oceanic front–sound field may need attention: (1) Most of the acoustic propagation simulation is based on ideal front models, but the application of investigated marine data is lacking. (2) Most studies focus on the acoustic field characteristics, with the influence of fronts on acoustic propagation, but few studies aim at the direct quantitative analysis of the performance of underwater acoustic detection in oceanic fronts. To deal with the above problems, based on the measured data in the northwest Pacific Ocean, here, we first design different sound source layout schemes and calculate sound field characteristics in the sub-Arctic front using the ray theory. Then, the cumulative detection probability model is built based on the active sonar equation to evaluate the efficiency of underwater detection. Finally, the detection probability is calculated and expressed by regionalization, and the influence of the sub-Arctic front on underwater detection is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the sub-Arctic front can significantly affect the underwater acoustic detection. The sound source located in the front in the cold-water mass has a better detection performance, especially detecting towards cold water (horizontal detection range > 60 km). In contrast, the sound source located in the warm-water mass has a poor detection performance (horizontal detection range in shallow sea < 10 km).

To obtain the high-resolution multitemporal precipitation using spatial downscaling technique on a precipitation dataset may provide a better representation of the spatial variability of precipitation to be used for different purposes. In this research, a new downscaling methodology such as the global precipitation mission (GPM)-based multitemporal weighted precipitation analysis (GMWPA) at 0.05° resolution is developed and applied in the humid region of Mainland China by employing the GPM dataset at 0.1° and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) 30 m DEM-based geospatial predictors, i.e., elevation, longitude, and latitude in empirical distribution-based framework (EDBF) algorithm. The proposed methodology is a two-stepped process in which a scale-dependent regression analysis between each individual precipitation variable and the EDBF-based weighted precipitation with geospatial predictor(s), and to downscale the predicted multitemporal weighted precipitation at a refined scale is developed for the downscaling of GMWPA. While comparing results, it shows that the weighted precipitation outperformed all precipitation variables in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2) value, whereas they outperformed the annual precipitation variables and underperformed as compared to the seasonal and the monthly variables in terms of the calculated root mean square error (RMSE) value. Based on the achieved results, the weighted precipitation at the low-resolution (e.g., at 0.75° resolution) along-with the original resolution (e.g., at 0.1° resolution) is employed in the downscaling process to predict the average multitemporal precipitation, the annual total precipitation for the year 2001 and 2004, and the average annual precipitation (2001–2015) at 0.05° resolution, respectively. The downscaling approach resulting through proposed methodology captured the spatial patterns with greater accuracy at higher spatial resolution. This work showed that it is feasible to increase the spatial resolution of a precipitation variable(s) with greater accuracy on an annual basis or as an average from the multitemporal precipitation dataset using a geospatial predictor as the proxy of precipitation through the weighted precipitation in EDBF environment.

Image-based line segment extraction plays an important role in a wide range of applications. Traditional line segment extraction algorithms focus on the accuracy and efficiency, without considering the integrity. Serious line segmentation fracture problems caused by image quality will result in poor subsequent applications. To solve this problem, a multi-constrained line segment extraction method, based on multi-scale image space, is presented. Firstly, using Gaussian down-sampling with a classical line segment detection method, a multi-scale image space is constructed to extract line segments in each image scale and all line segments are projected onto the original image. Then, a new line segment optimization and purification strategy is proposed with the horizontal and vertical distances and angle geometric constraint relationships between line segments to merge fracture line segments and delete redundant line segments. Finally, line segments with adjacent positions are optimized using the grayscale constraint relationship, based on normalized cross-correlation similarity criterion for realizing the second optimization of fracture line segments. Compared with mainstream line segment detector and edge drawing lines methods, experimental results (i.e., indoor, outdoor, and aerial images) indicate the validity and superiority of our proposed methods which can extract longer and more complete line segments.