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16. Review of Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Risk

Author

Yiyang Yang, Dongsheng He, Linchuan Yang, Yi Lu, Jingjing Wang, Ruoyu Wang, Dongying Li, Xueying Wu, Li, Dongying [0000-0002-2273-8079], Yang, Linchuan [0000-0001-6070-9044], Lu, Yi [0000-0001-7614-6661], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Research design, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public policy, Review, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Empirical research, Environmental health, Pandemic, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Built Environment, Socioeconomic status, Pandemics, Built environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Government, Schools, Transmission (medicine), SARS-CoV-2, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Geography, Medicine
Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has stimulated intensive research interest in its transmission pathways and infection factors, e.g., socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, climatology, baseline health conditions or pre-existing diseases, and government policies. Meanwhile, some empirical studies suggested that built environment attributes may be associated with the transmission mechanism and infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, no review has been conducted to explore the effect of built environment characteristics on the infection risk. This research gap prevents government officials and urban planners from creating effective urban design guidelines to contain SARS-CoV-2 infections and face future pandemic challenges. This review summarizes evidence from 25 empirical studies and provides an overview of the effect of built environment on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Virus infection risk was positively associated with the density of commercial facilities, roads, and schools and with public transit accessibility, whereas it was negatively associated with the availability of green spaces. This review recommends several directions for future studies, namely using longitudinal research design and individual-level data, considering multilevel factors and extending to diversified geographic areas.

Published
2021
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