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A 12-month-old healthy girl presented with a chronic diaper rash. Physical examination demonstrated crusting of the scalp, erythematous papules with surrounding petechiae on the lower abdomen, and an intraoral palatal ulcer. Further imaging demonstrated bone involvement. Histopathologic examination of involved skin and the intraoral ulcer demonstrated epithelioid histiocytes with “coffee bean-shaped” nuclei, staining positive for CD1a and langerin by immunohistochemistry, consistent with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). LCH is a disease entity of unknown etiology characterized by histiocytic proliferation that most commonly presents in young children. The cutaneous findings of LCH include a seborrheic dermatitis-like and/or red-brown papular eruption. Intraoral examination is crucial as oral mucosal and maxillofacial skeletal disease can also be seen in LCH. When a child presents with a recalcitrant seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption or chronic diaper rash, the clinician should be alerted to the possibility of LCH. Timely recognition and diagnosis of LCH is important for oncologic referral, evaluation, and treatment.

Calciphylaxis is most commonly encountered in patients with end-stage renal disease; however, it is increasingly observed in nonuremic patients as well. It is important to consider and diagnose nonuremic calciphylaxis early, as prompt treatment and mitigation of associated risk factors is essential to improve long-term outcomes for these patients. Here, we present the case of a 71-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation on warfarin, but without renal disease, who presented with two long-standing ulcers on her thigh and was diagnosed with the aid of biopsy with calciphylaxis. We review the existing literature on the subject and offer this case as a representative report of a clinicopathologic correlation for this disorder.