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Falls are an inescapable problem influencing the health and threatening the safety of older adults. Exploring the kinematic strategies of aging adults can help reduce the risk of falls. To study kinematic strategies of aging adults in response to footwear (flat shoes, toe spring shoes, rocker sole shoes) and ground surfaces (level ground, grassland and rock road), a 3D motion capture system and subjective stability evaluation, with 14 female participants, were performed. Results indicated that footwear and ground surfaces significantly impacted joint dynamics during walking. Compared with young adults, aging adults tended to adopt a more conservative walking pattern. Wearing different shoes on the three ground surfaces mainly reduced the ROM (range of motion) of the ankle (p < 0.05). By analyzing the objective and subjective results, rocker sole shoes gave aging adults a stronger sense of instability, so they controlled the movement of ankle joint initiatively. When walking on grassland and rock road, aging adults adjusted the movements of hip, knee and ankle joints to maintain gait stability. Aging adults are recommended to strengthen flexibility training of the ankle joint, perform hip adduction and abduction exercises, and wear rocker sole shoes to improve their balance ability and sustainable well-being.

The surface composition and morphology of FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 films fabricated by the spin-coating method with different concentrations of NH2-POSS were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the surface composition of the FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 films was changed regularly through the interaction between NH2-POSS and the perovskite film. The corresponding surface morphological changes were also observed. When the concentration of NH2-POSS exceeded 10 mg/mL, a lot of cracks on the surface of the perovskite film were observed and the surface morphology was damaged. The surface composition and its distribution can be adjusted by changing the concentration of NH2-POSS and the proper concentration of NH2-POSS can substantially improve the quality of perovskite film.

Two dimensional atomic crystals, like grapheme (G) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), exhibit great interest in electronic and optoelectronic applications. The excellent physical properties, such as transparency, semiconductivity, and flexibility, make them compatible with current organic electronics. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of the interfaces of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures between small organic molecules (pentacene, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), and dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene (C8-BTBT)) and layered substrates (G, MoS2 and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)). The influences of the underlying layered substrates on the molecular arrangement, electronic and vibrational properties will be addressed.