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Background/Objectives: One of the most effective strategies to mitigate morbidity associated with preterm birth is the use of human milk. The first choice is the mother’s milk; if that is not available, human milk donated to milk banks is the second choice. The recruitment of milk donors is essential for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of donation. This study aims to profile the donors of a southern Italian milk bank, examine how maternal and neonatal factors impacted the volume and duration of donation and analyze the trend over the last ten years. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the milk bank database and hospitalization medical records, encompassing 593 donors and 13 years of activity of the Human Milk Bank from 2010 to 2022. Several variables were assessed: maternal characteristics—maternal age, employment status and the type of profession; pre and perinatal characteristics—type of delivery, parity, previous breastfeeding experience, birth weight and gestational age; milk donation characteristics—volume of milk donated and duration of donation. The trend of the characteristics was studied over time. Statistical correlations were conducted to assess the relationships between variables and the volume and duration of the milk donation. Results: In our cohort of donors, the most prevalent category consists of women over 30 years of age who are multiparous, have prior breastfeeding experience, are workers and have given birth to full-term babies. Maternal age and gestational age significantly influence both the volume and duration of milk donation. The type of delivery and occupation impact the volume of donated milk. There has been a decline in the number of donors over time. However, the trends in both the quantity and duration of milk donations have remained stable over the past decade, with the exception of the year immediately following the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: We have outlined the prevailing average profile of the milk donor to a milk bank in Southern Italy. Factors impacting the volume and duration of donation, such as maternal age, occupation, type of delivery and gestational age, were identified. The volume and duration of donations have remained largely stable, with the exception of 2021, when the pandemic significantly reduced milk donations to the milk bank.

Aware of the utmost importance of feeding premature babies—especially those of lower weight—with human milk, as well as the need to monitor this important element of neonatal care, we focused on four aspects in this review. First of all, we reviewed the beneficial effects of feeding premature infants with breast milk in the short and long term. Secondly, we performed a quantitative evaluation of the rates of breastfeeding and feeding with human milk in Very-Low-Birth-Weight infants (VLBWs) during hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and at discharge. Our aim was to take a snapshot of the current status of human milk-feeding care and track its trends over time. Then we analyzed, on the one hand, factors that have been proven to facilitate the use of maternal milk and, on the other hand, the risk factors of not feeding with breast milk. We also considered the spread of human milk banking so as to assess the availability of donated milk for the most vulnerable category of premature babies. Finally, we proposed a protocol designed as a tool for the systematic monitoring of actions that could be planned and implemented in NICUs in order to achieve the goal of feeding even more VLBWs with human milk.