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This study aimed to develop fecal low-odor adult dog feed using processed corn protein powder as the primary raw material and evaluate its effectiveness through feeding experiments. The objectives included analyzing the fundamental nutritional indicators, comparing the quality of fecal low-odor adult dog feed with commercially available dog feed, and assessing the changes in the eating behavior, physical condition, and physiological and biochemical indicators before and after feeding on the fecal low-odor adult dog feed. This study involved formulating dog feed using processed fermented corn protein powder and conducting nutritional analyses to compare moisture, crude protein, ash, crude fat, and starch contents. Physical properties such as hardness and cohesion were also evaluated. Feeding experiments were conducted with adult dogs to monitor the changes in the eating behavior and physical condition. Physiological and biochemical indicators, including ammoniacal nitrogen and putrefactive odor in feces, were measured both before and after feeding to assess the impact of the fecal low-odor adult dog feed. The analysis showed no significant difference in moisture (p > 0.05), crude protein (p > 0.05), ash (p > 0.05), crude fat (p > 0.05), and starch (p > 0.05) contents between the fecal low-odor adult dog feed and commercially available dog feed. Similarly, no significant difference was noted in the hardness (p > 0.05) and cohesion (p > 0.05) between the two types of dog feed. Both types of dog feed contained rich volatile compounds with varying compositions. The commercially available dog feed had a sour odor, whereas the fecal low-odor adult dog feed had a barbecue and resin-like smell. After feeding with the fecal low-odor adult dog feed, the liquid nitrogen content significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Also, the indole content, a major contributor to fecal odor, based on the data, decreased after feeding.

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an early warning sign of stroke and death, necessitating suitable animal models due to the associated clinical diagnostic challenges. In this study, we developed a TIA model using flexible spatially targeted photothrombosis combined with real-time blood flow imaging feedback. By modulating the excitation light using wavefront technology, we precisely created a square light spot (50 × 250 µm), targeted at the distal middle cerebral artery (dMCA). The use of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) provided real-time feedback on the ischemia, while the excitation light was ceased upon reaching complete occlusion. Our results demonstrated that the photothrombus formed in the dMCA and spontaneously recanalized within 10 min (416.8 ± 96.4 s), with no sensorimotor deficits or infarction 24 h post-TIA. During the acute phase, ischemic spreading depression occurred in the ipsilateral dorsal cortex, leading to more severe ischemia and collateral circulation establishment synchronized with the onset of dMCA narrowing. Post-reperfusion, the thrombi were primarily in the sensorimotor and visual cortex, disappearing within 24 h. The blood flow changes in the dMCA were more indicative of cortical ischemic conditions than diameter changes. Our method successfully establishes a photochemical TIA model based on the dMCA, allowing for the dynamic observation and control of thrombus formation and recanalization and enabling real-time monitoring of the impacts on cerebral blood flow during the acute phase of TIA.

Under the development of intelligent network technology, drivers can obtain the surrounding traffic situation in real time, which is conducive to improving the stability of traffic flow. Therefore, this paper proposes a new curve-car-following model considering multi-vehicle information of adjacent lanes in connected environment, and conducts linear and nonlinear stability analyses of the model to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and its ability to improve the stability of traffic system; in addition, numerical simulation experiments of traffic flow convoys are designed to analyze the effects of different parameters in the proposed model on the stability of the traffic flow and test the proposed model’s ability to maintain the following behavior in a convoy. Furthermore, numerical simulation experiments are designed to analyze the effects of different parameters in the proposed model on the stability of traffic flow, and to test the ability of the proposed model to maintain the following behavior in the convoy. The model can provide theoretical guidance to alleviate traffic congestion and improve safety, and extend the application of the following model in curved multi-lane road scenarios.

We introduce De Morgan Heyting logic for Heyting algebras with De Morgan negation (DH-algebras). The variety DH of all DH-algebras is congruence distributive. The lattice of all subvarieties of DH is distributive. We show the discrete dualities between De Morgan frames and DH-algebras. The Kripke completeness and finite approximability of some DH-logics are proven. Some conservativity of DH expansion of a Kripke complete superintuitionistic logic is shown by the construction of frame expansion. Finally, a cut-free terminating Gentzen sequent calculus for the DH-logic of De Morgan Boolean algebras is developed.

Residuated basic logic (RBL) is the logic of residuated basic algebras, which constitutes a conservative extension of basic propositional logic (BPL). The basic implication is a residual of a non-associative binary operator in RBL. The conservativity is shown by relational semantics. A Gentzen-style sequent calculus GRBL, which is an extension of the distributive full non-associative Lambek calculus, is established for residuated basic logic. The calculus GRBL admits the mix-elimination, subformula, and disjunction properties. Moreover, the class of all residuated basic algebras has the finite embeddability property. The consequence relation of GRBL is decidable.

The cut-free single-succedent Gentzen sequent calculus GKt for the minimal tense logic Kt is introduced. This sequent calculus satisfies the displaying property. The proof proceeds in terms of a Kolmogorov translation and three intermediate sequent systems. Finally, we show that tense logics axiomatized by strictly positive implication have cut-free Gentzen sequent calculi uniformly.

Through theoretical calculation, the stress and deformation of surrounding rock can be analyzed, providing guidance for the support design and optimization of soft rock roadways. In this paper, theoretical solutions for both the optimal support pressure and the allowable maximum displacement of surrounding rock are derived from the Drucker–Prager (DP) yield criteria and the steady creep criterion expressed by the third invariant of deviator stress. The DP criterion with different parameters is compared and analyzed with an engineering example. Then, based on the calculation results the effects of long-term strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of soft rock on the maximum plastic zone radius and allowable maximum displacement of roadway are discussed. The results show that the optimal support solution of soft rock roadways based on the DP criteria can not only reasonably reflect the intermediate principal stress but can also be used to compare and discuss the influence of different DP criteria on the calculation results. The higher the long-term strength of the rock surrounding a roadway is, the smaller the optimal support force is and the larger the allowable maximum displacement is. When the calculated long-term strength of soft rock can ensure that the deformation of the roadway does not exceed the allowable maximum displacement, the roadway can maintain long-term stability without support. With an increase in the cohesion or internal friction angle of soft rock, the radius of the plastic zone decreases gradually and the allowable maximum displacement is reduced by degrees. The use of grouting and other means to improve the strength of surrounding rock can effectively reduce the roadway deformation and save support costs. This new theoretical solution can consider different intermediate principal stress effects and different DP strength criteria, enabling the parameters to become easier to determine. It has a wider range of applications, and the calculation results better demonstrate the strength potential of the surrounding rock.

On the high-demand bus route where there are commuting passengers, the stops for boarding and alighting passengers are concentrated in a certain section of the route. According to this demand pattern, transit operators need to respond symmetrically. Short-turning services promise benefits for both users and operators because a proportion of vehicles runs within shorter cycles and address a greater demand. The design of short-turning services mainly involves defining running section and frequency. Due to two sections of high and low demand being distinguished under the short-turning service, dealing with each section by vehicle type and selecting an appropriate vehicle type for each section can satisfy passengers demand well, instead of a single vehicle type. Considering the interests of passengers and buses, this paper establishes objective functions to determine the running section of short-turning buses by frequencies and vehicle types. Two optimization models with single and hybrid vehicle type are formulated that can be compared with each other and reflect the differences of method with hybrid vehicle type. Load factor is established as a performance measure to express the degree of utilization of bus resources. A layer-by-layer search method incorporating Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to solve the optimization model. Finally, the optimization approach is tested based on a bus route in Changchun City. Sensitivity analyses are then performed on the passenger demand and travel time.

Traffic data are the basis of traffic control, planning, management, and other implementations. Incomplete traffic data that are not conducive to all aspects of transport research and related activities can have adverse effects such as traffic status identification error and poor control performance. For intelligent transportation systems, the data recovery strategy has become increasingly important since the application of the traffic system relies on the traffic data quality. In this study, a bidirectional k-nearest neighbor searching strategy was constructed for effectively detecting and recovering abnormal data considering the symmetric time network and the correlation of the traffic data in time dimension. Moreover, the state vector of the proposed bidirectional searching strategy was designed based the bidirectional retrieval for enhancing the accuracy. In addition, the proposed bidirectional searching strategy shows significantly more accuracy compared to those of the previous methods.

We propose an adaptive algorithm that is a Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, named PSO-VMD. The method selects the envelope entropy of the last intrinsic mode function (IMF) in the VMD as the fitness function of the PSO and 1/10 of the maximum value of the correlation coefficient between the IMFs and the standard signal as the threshold of the correlation coefficient. In the processing of simulated and experimental second harmonic signals, a series of standards, including the same correlation coefficient threshold and standard signal, are used to adaptively achieve noise reduction processing. After processing a simulated signal using PSO-VMD, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was improved by 4.03877 dB and the correlation coefficient (R2) between the gas concentration and the second harmonic maximum was improved from 0.97743 to 0.99782. In the processing of an experimental signal, the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.99733. The mean value and standard deviation of the second harmonic signal of multiple cycles processed by PSO-VMD were improved compared to the unprocessed experimental signal. This demonstrated that the method has the advantage of being reliable and stable.

The line width of different line shapes is a very important parameter in absorption spectroscopy sensing techniques. Based on the high sensitivity and low noise properties of wavelength modulation spectroscopy, we report a novel line width measurement method. After theoretically proving the relationship between line width, modulation amplitude and the amplitude of the second harmonic at the center frequency, the absorption lines of CH4 near 6046.96 cm−1 and CO2 4989.97 cm−1 were chosen for simulation, and the relative errors of the line width between our method and theoretical data were kept at about 1%. A distributed feedback laser diode operating near 1653 nm with three different concentrations of CH4 was used for experimental validation, and the results were consistent with the numerical simulation. Additionally, since only the peaks of second harmonic need to be measured, the advantages of wavelength modulation can be utilized while reducing the difficulty of data acquisition.