1. Are Orienteers Protected Enough Against Tick Bites? Estimating Human Exposure to Tick Bites Through a Participative Science Survey during an Orienteering Competition
- Author
-
Irene Carravieri, Cyril Galley, Jonas Durand, Claire Schmid, Pascale Frey-Klett, Laure Bournez, Julien Marchand, Vincent Godard, Annick Brun-Jacob, Béatrice Palin, Jean-François Cosson, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Permanent d'Initiation à l'Environnement Nancy Champenoux (CPIE Nancy Champenoux), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université de Paris (UP), Région Grand Est, the European Union with the support of the European Regional Development Fund, Fondation de France, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LabEx ARBRE : Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems ([LabEx ARBRE]), and AgroParisTech-CRITT Bois-Office national des forêts (ONF)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Propriété Forestière-European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
Ixodes ricinus ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,Orienteering ,Tick ,MESH: Tick Bites ,Competition (biology) ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Walking distance ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ticks ,prevention ,citizen science ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Animals ,Bites and Stings ,education ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,MESH: Ticks ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Tick Bites ,biology ,MESH: Insect Repellents ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,biology.organism_classification ,tick ,MESH: Bites and Stings ,Geography ,Human exposure ,Insect Repellents ,tick-bite exposure ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,France ,Demography - Abstract
International audience; Mass-participation events in temperate forests are now well-established features of outdoor activities and represent high-risk activities regarding human exposition to tick bites. In this study we used a citizen science approach to quantify the space–time frequency of tick bites and undetected tick bites among orienteers that participated in a 6-day orienteering competition that took place in July 2018 in the forests of Eastern France, and we looked at the use and efficacy of different preventive behaviors. Our study confirms that orienteers are a high-risk population for tick bites, with 62.4% of orienteers bitten at least once during the competition, and 2.4 to 12.1 orienteers per 100 orienteers were bitten by ticks when walking 1 km. In addition, 16.7% of orienteers bitten by ticks had engorged ticks, meaning that they did not detect and remove their ticks immediately after the run. Further, only 8.5% of orienteers systematically used a repellent, and the use of repellent only partially reduced the probability of being bitten by ticks. These results represent the first attempt to quantify the risk of not immediately detecting a tick bite and provide rare quantitative data on the frequency of tick bites for orienteers according to walking distance and time spent in the forest. The results also provide information on the use of repellent, which will be very helpful for modeling risk assessment. The study also shows that prevention should be increased for orienteers in France.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF