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This study assessed how seasonal transitions and coaching influence affect aerobic capacity (AC) and body composition across the annual training cycle (ATC). Eleven division 1 female soccer players were tested after five predesignated time blocks (B1&ndash, B5): post-season 2016 (B1), nine-week transition (B2), spring season (B3), pre-season (B4), and post-season 2017 (B5). Height, weight, and body composition (fat-free mass (FFM)) were measured prior to a standardized 5 min treadmill running and dynamic movement warm up before a maximal AC test. Statistical analysis included a 4 &times, 5 repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (dependent variable &times, time) with the Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD) post-hoc test when relevant, data are presented as mean &plusmn, standard deviation, effect size (ES), and percent change (%). The statistical analysis revealed that the ATC had a significant main effect on AC and FFM (F3,4 2.81, p = 0.001, &eta, 2 = 0.22). There were significant increases in AC across the transition period (B1&ndash, B2) with reduced training volume (∆ + 12.9%, p = 0.001, ES = 0.50) while AC and FFM peaked after the spring season with directed concurrent training paired with adequate rest B1&ndash, B3 (∆ + 16.4%, p &lt, 0.01, ES = 0.81). AC decreased across the pre-season with indirect training (B3&ndash, B4) (∆ &minus, 7.0%, p = 0.02, ES = 0.50) and remained suppressed without change (p &gt, 0.05) across the competitive season (B4&ndash, B5). Rest, concurrent training, and directed training positively affected AC, while indirect training and high training loads with little rest negatively affected AC.