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International audience; Optimization-based methods are of interest for developing energy management strategies due to their high performance for hybrid electric vehicles. However, these methods are often complicated and may require strong computational efforts, which can prevent them from real-world applications. This paper proposes a novel real-time optimization-based torque distribution strategy for a parallel hybrid truck. The strategy aims to minimize the engine fuel consumption while ensuring battery charge-sustaining by using linear quadratic regulation in a closed-loop control scheme. Furthermore, by reformulating the problem, the obtained strategy does not require the information of the engine efficiency map like the previous works in literature. The obtained strategy is simple, straightforward, and therefore easy to be implemented in real-time platforms. The proposed method is evaluated via simulation by comparison to dynamic programming as a benchmark. Furthermore, the real-time ability of the proposed strategy is experimentally validated by using power hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

International audience; Optimization using finite element analysis and the adjoint variable method to solve engineering problems appears in various application areas. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a lack of detailed explanation on the implementation of the adjoint variable method in the context of electromagnetic modeling. This paper aimed to provide a detailed explanation of the method in the simplest possible general framework. Then, an extended explanation is offered in the context of electromagnetism. A discrete design methodology based on adjoint variables for magnetostatics was formulated, implemented, and verified. This comprehensive methodology supports both linear and nonlinear problems. The framework provides a general approach for performing a very efficient and discretely consistent sensitivity analysis for problems involving geometric and physical variables or any combination of the two. The accuracy of the implementation is demonstrated by independent verification based on an analytical test case and using the finite-difference method. The methodology was used to optimize the parameters of a superconducting energy storage device and a magnet press and the optimization of the topology of an electromagnet. The objective function of each problem was successfully decreased, and all constraints stipulated were met.