1. The Governance of multi-use platforms at sea forenergy production and aquaculture: challenges forpolicy makers in European seas
- Author
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Rita Garção, Barbara Zanuttigh, Katrine Soma, Saskia Hommes, Raúl Guanche, Jenny Norrman, Mark de Bel, Amerissa Giannouli, Jan-Joost Schouten, Phoebe Koundouri, Sander van den Burg, Thorbjørn Harkamp, Niels Dalsgaard, Alwin Gerritsen, Lars Rosén, Marian Stuiver, Flemming Møhlenberg, Ole Svenstrup Petersen, Tore Söderqvist, Christine Röckmann, Fabio Zagonari, Stuiver, M., Soma, K., Koundouri, P., van den Burg, S., Gerritsen, A., Harkamp, T., Dalsgaard, N., Zagonari, F., Guanche, R., Schouten, J., Hommes, S., Giannouli, A., Söderqvist, T., Rosen, L., Garção, R., Norrman, J., Röckmann, C., de Bel, M., Zanuttigh, B., Petersen, O., and Möhlenberg, F.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Energy (esotericism) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,TJ807-830 ,PESTEL ,WASS ,Regional Development and Spatial Use ,Aquaculture ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,01 natural sciences ,Renewable energy sources ,Mediterranean sea ,Onderzoeksformatie ,Production (economics) ,GE1-350 ,14. Life underwater ,North sea ,marine governance ,Green Economy and Landuse ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,fish ,HB Economic Theory ,Governance ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Corporate governance ,Environmental resource management ,multi-use platform ,Regionale Ontwikkeling en Ruimtegebruik ,Environmental Management ,Environmental sciences ,Groene Economie en Ruimte ,multi-use platforms ,offshore ,governance ,energy production ,aquaculture ,13. Climate action ,Energy production ,Submarine pipeline ,Multi-use platforms ,Offshore ,business ,Tourism ,GE Environmental Sciences - Abstract
European seas are encountering an upsurge in competing marine activities and infrastructures. Traditional exploitation such as fisheries, tourism, transportation, and oil production are accompanied by new sustainable economic activities such as offshore windfarms, aquaculture, and tidal and wave energy. One proposed solution to overcome possible competing claims at sea lies in combining these economic activities as part of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea (MUPS). MUPS can be understood as areas at sea, designated for a combination of activities, either completely integrated in a platform or in shared marine space. MUPS can potentially benefit from each other in terms of infrastructure, maintenance, etc. Developing MUPS in the marine environment demands adequate governance. In this article, we investigate four European sites to find out how governance arrangements may facilitate or complicate MUPs. In particular, we apply a framework specifying policy, economic, social, technical, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) factors to explore governance arrangements in four case study sites in different sea basins around Europe ( the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea). The article concludes with policy recommendations on a governance regime for facilitating the development of MUPS in the future.
- Published
- 2016