1. The Conserved Arginine Cluster in the Insert of the Third Cytoplasmic Loop of the Long Form of the D2 Dopamine Receptor (D2L-R) Acts as an Intracellular Retention Signal
- Author
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Karin A. Eidne, Milka Vrecl, Jane Nøhr, Kaja Blagotinšek, and Valentina Kubale
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Arginine ,D2 dopamine receptors ,endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention motif ,confocal microscopy ,surface expression ,bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET2) ,cAMP signaling ,Biology ,energy transfer techniques ,Catalysis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Calnexin ,udc:576 ,molecular biology ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Cellular localization ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Organic Chemistry ,ER retention ,General Medicine ,Glutamic acid ,Molecular biology ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Cytoplasm ,D$_2$ dopamine receptors ,Signal transduction ,metabolism ,bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET$^2$) - Abstract
This study examined whether the conserved arginine cluster present within the 29-amino acid insert of the long form of the D$_2$ dopamine receptor (D$_{2L}$-R) confers its predominant intracellular localization. We hypothesized that the conserved arginine cluster (RRR) located within the insert could act as an RXR-type endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal. Arginine residues (R) within the cluster at positions 267, 268, and 269 were charge-reserved to glutamic acids (E), either individually or in clusters, thus generating single, double, and triple D$_{2L}$-R mutants. Through analyses of cellular localization by confocal microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioligand binding assay, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET$^2$) β-arrestin 2 (βarr2) recruitment assay, and cAMP signaling, it was revealed that charge reversal of the R residues at all three positions within the motif impaired their colocalization with ER marker calnexin and led to significantly improved cell surface expression. Additionally, these data demonstrate that an R to glutamic acid (E) substitution at position 2 within the RXR motif is not functionally permissible. Furthermore, all generated D$_{2L}$-R mutants preserved their functional integrity regarding ligand binding, agonist-induced βarr2 recruitment and Gα$_i$ -mediated signaling. In summary, our results show that the conserved arginine cluster within the 29-amino acid insert of third cytoplasmic loop (IC3) of the D$_{2L}$-R appears to be the ER retention signal.
- Published
- 2016
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