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1. Review of IoT Systems for Air Quality Measurements Based on LTE/4G and LoRa Communications

Author

Mpho Gift Doctor Gololo, Clinton Wenfrey Nyathi, Lennox Boateng, Edward Khomotso Nkadimeng, Ryan Peter Mckenzie, Iqra Atif, Jude Kong, Muhammad Ahsan Mahboob, Ling Cheng, and Bruce Mellado

Subjects
IoT, LTE/4G, LoRa, Computer software, QA76.75-76.765, Technology, Cybernetics, Q300-390
Abstract

The issue of air pollution has recently come to light due to rapid urbanization and population growth globally. Due to its impact on human health, such as causing lung and heart diseases, air quality monitoring is one of the main concerns. Improved air pollution forecasting techniques and systems are needed to minimize the human health impact. Systems that fall under the Internet of Things (IoT) topology have been developed to assess and track numerous air quality metrics. This paper presents a review of IoT systems for air quality measurements, where the emphasis is placed on systems with LTE/4G and LoRa communication capabilities. Firstly, an overview of the IoT monitoring system is provided with recent technologies in the market. A critical review is provided of IoT systems regarding air quality using LTE/4G and LoRa communications systems. Lastly, this paper presents a market analysis of commercial IoT devices in terms of the costs, availability of the device, particulate matter each device can measure, etc. A comparative study of these devices is also presented on LTE/4G and possibly LoRa communications systems.

Published
2024
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2. Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Resected, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study

Author

Parneet K. Cheema, Iqra Syed, Femida Gwadry-Sridhar, Muhammad Rakibuz-Zaman, Robin Sachdeva, Alec Pencz, Luna Zhan, Katrina Hueniken, Devalben Patel, Karmugi Balaratnam, Khaleeq Khan, Benjamin Grant, Brandon S. Sheffield, M. Elizabeth O. Locke, Daniel Moldaver, Mary Kate Shanahan, Geoffrey Liu, and M. Sara Kuruvilla

Subjects
non-small cell lung cancer, early stage, real world, programmed cell death-ligand 1, prevalence, recurrence, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are evolving, given recent and expected approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-(ligand) 1 (PD-1/PD-L1). We retrospectively evaluated outcomes among patients with resected stage IB-IIIA NSCLC tumors expressing PD-L1 using PALEOS (Pan-cAnadian Lung cancEr Observational Study) data (2016–2019). Key outcomes included PD-L1 expression rate and treatment patterns, recurrence, and median overall (mOS) and disease-free survival (mDFS) among PD-L1+ patients. Among 539 PD-L1–tested patients, 317 (58.8%) were PD-L1+ (≥1%). At diagnosis, 35.3%, 39.8%, and 24.9% of PD-L1+ patients had stage IB, II, or IIIA disease. Forty-one percent had received adjuvant therapy. At 22.6 months (median follow-up), first disease recurrence had occurred in 31.9% of patients, primarily at metastatic sites. After first metastatic recurrence, ICI regimens were the most common first systemic therapy (29.8%). mOS was not reached; mDFS was 40.0 months. At four years, DFS probability was 44%. Four-year OS and DFS rates were generally similar when stratified by PD-L1 expression (1–49% vs. ≥50%). These findings underscore the generally poor outcomes experienced by patients with early-stage, resected, PD-L1+ NSCLC after treatment with available adjuvant therapies, and provide context to recent and emerging trials of new treatment options.

Published
2024
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3. Comparative Nutritional Profiling of Economically Important Shrimp Species in Pakistan

Author

Muhammad Bilal Bhatti, Shahid Sherzada, Sohail Ahmad, Muhammad Asghar Qazi, Amina Ayub, Saeed Akram Khan, Muhammad Javed Khan, Iqra Rani, Nimra Hussain, Joanna Nowosad, and Dariusz Kucharczyk

Subjects
amino acid analysis, aquaculture, fatty acid profile, mineral composition, nutritional component, nutritional value, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Shrimp are widely recognized as a nutritious and flavorful food choice due to their tender and delicious meat. This study evaluated the nutritional composition of three economically important shrimp species: Penaeus merguiensis, Penaeus monodon, and Penaeus indicus, collected from the coastal areas of Pakistan. All shrimp species were found to be high in protein and low in fat content. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAAs), non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), and total amino acids (TAAs) varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among species, with P. indicus showing slightly higher values. Regarding fatty acid analysis, total saturated fatty acid content was found to be 35.04% in P. merguiensis, 52.43% in P. monodon, and 44.77% in P. indicus. Similarly, the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was found to be 26.24%, 26.77%, and 24.74%, in P. merguiensis, P. monodon, and P. indicus, respectively. Based on nutrient yield, P. monodon stands out as the most nutrient-dense species, followed by P. indicus and P. merguiensis. Overall, the present study suggests that all shrimp species can be used as a healthy choice of food and a good source of animal protein for human consumption. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of shrimp in promoting a healthy and balanced diet.

Published
2025
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4. A Structural Bioinformatics-Guided Study of Adenosine Triphosphate-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters and Their Substrates

Author

Iqra Younus, Robert C. Ford, and Stephen M. Prince

Subjects
ABC transporter, ortholog, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bioinformatics, membrane protein, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters form a ubiquitous superfamily of integral membrane proteins involved in the translocation of substrates across membranes. Human ABC transporters are closely linked to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, four ABC transporters were chosen based on (I) their importance in humans and (II) their score in a structural bioinformatics screen aimed at the prediction of crystallisation propensity. The top-scoring ABC transporters’ orthologs (Mus musculus—mouse ABCB5, Ailuropoda melanoleuca—giant panda ABCB6, Myotis lucifugus—little brown bat ABCG1 and Mus musculus ABCG4) were then expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a combined green fluorescent protein and polyhistidine tag, enabling visualisation and purification. After partial purification and in the presence of the detergent (n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside), the kinetic parameters of the ATP hydrolysis reactions of the orthologs were determined, as well as the extent of stimulation of their activity when presented with putative substrates. We discuss the efficiency of such bioinformatics approaches and make suggestions for their improvement and wider application in membrane protein-structure determination.

Published
2025
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5. Quantum PSO-Based Optimization of Secured IRS-Assisted Wireless-Powered IoT Networks

Author

Abid Afridi, Iqra Hameed, and Insoo Koo

Subjects
intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), wireless-powered IoT network (WPIN), physical layer security (PLS), hybrid access point (H-AP), wireless energy transfer (WET), energy harvesting (EH), Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In this paper, we explore intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted physical layer security (PLS) in a wireless-powered Internet of Things (IoT) network (WPIN) by combining an IRS, a friendly jammer, and energy harvesting (EH) to maximize sum secrecy throughput in the WPIN. Specifically, we propose a non-line-of-sight system where a hybrid access point (H-AP) has no direct link with the users, and a secure uplink transmission scheme utilizes the jammer to combat malicious eavesdroppers. The proposed scheme consists of two stages: wireless energy transfer (WET) on the downlink (DL) and wireless information transmission (WIT) on the uplink (UL). In the first phase, the H-AP sends energy to users and the jammer, and they then harvest energy with the help of the IRS. Consequently, during WIT, the user transmits information to the H-AP while the jammer emits signals to confuse the eavesdropper without interfering with the legitimate transmission. The phase-shift matrix of the IRS and the time allocation for DL and UL are jointly optimized to maximize the sum secrecy throughput of the network. To tackle the non-convex problem, an alternating optimization method is employed, and the problem is reformulated into two sub-problems. First, the IRS phase shift is solved using quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO). Then, the time allocation for DL and UL are optimized using the bisection method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant performance improvements as compared to other baseline schemes. Specifically, for IRS elements N = 35, the proposed scheme achieves a throughput of 19.4 bps/Hz, which is 85% higher than the standard PSO approach and 143% higher than the fixed time, random phase (8 bps/Hz) approach. These results validate the proposed approach’s effectiveness in improving network security and overall performance.

Published
2024
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6. Enhancing Fruit Retention and Juice Quality in ‘Kinnow’ (Citrus reticulata) Through the Combined Foliar Application of Potassium, Zinc, and Plant Growth Regulators

Author

Iqra Arshad, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Akhtar, Muhammad Yousaf Shani, Ghulam Farid, Wacław Jarecki, and Muhammad Yasin Ashraf

Subjects
Citrus reticulata, fruit quality, pre-harvest fruit drop, plant growth regulators, foliar application, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Improving fruit quality and reducing pre-harvest fruit drop are critical goals for Citrus reticulata production in Pakistan, where climatic and nutritional challenges affect yield and juice quality. This study evaluated the combined effects of plant growth regulators (salicylic acid and indole acetic acid) and nutrients (potassium and zinc) on fruit drop and juice volume in Citrus reticulata L. Field trials were conducted at three locations in Punjab, Pakistan (Layyah, Faisalabad, and Sargodha) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications per treatment. Nutrients (K and Zn at 100 mg/L each) and growth regulators (SA at 100 mg/L and IAA at 5 mg/L) were applied individually or in combination at three growth stages. Statistical analyses, including PCA, ANOVA, and GGE biplot, were used to identify the most effective treatments for improving fruit juice quality and reducing fruit drop. The combined foliar application of SA + K + Zn was the most effective across all parameters, except fruit drop, juice citric acid contents, and juice pH, which were negatively affected. The highest juice potassium content was observed with K application. The PCA and GGE biplot analysis indicated that the Sargodha orchard performed best, with the SA + K treatment being the most effective there, while SA + K + Zn showed the best results at Layyah and Faisalabad for reducing fruit drop, enhancing juice volume, and improving fruit quality. However, individual fruit, juice, and juice nutrient contents traits analyses revealed that the most significant improvements in fruit and juice quality were observed at the Sargodha site instead of Layyah and Faisalabad. The treatment SA + K + Zn proved to be the most stable and consistent in enhancing citrus fruit and juice quality across all three selected locations. The findings suggest that adopting the SA + K + Zn treatment could be a practical approach for citrus farmers aiming to enhance crop yield and fruit quality, thereby supporting agricultural productivity and export potential in Pakistan.

Published
2024
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9. Syzygium aromaticum Bud Extracted Core–Shell Ag–Fe Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Phytotoxic, Antioxidant, Insecticidal, and Antibacterial Properties

Author

Murtaza, Farah, primary, Akhter, Naseem, additional, Qamar, Muhammad Azam, additional, Yaqoob, Asma, additional, Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad, additional, Patil, Bhagyashree R., additional, Khan, Salah Ud-Din, additional, Ibrahim, Nasir Adam, additional, Basher, Nosiba S., additional, Aleissa, Mohammed Saad, additional, Kanwal, Iqra, additional, and Imran, Mohd, additional

Published
2024
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17. Novel Therapeutic Agents for Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Hope for Drug Designing against Diabetes Mellitus

Author

Elkhalifa, Ahmed M. E., primary, Nazar, Mehak, additional, Ali, Sofi Imtiyaz, additional, Khursheed, Ibraq, additional, Taifa, Syed, additional, Ahmad Mir, Muzafar, additional, Shah, Iqra Hussain, additional, Malik, Masood, additional, Ramzan, Zahid, additional, Ahad, Shubeena, additional, Bashir, Nusrat, additional, Elamin, Elham, additional, Bazie, Elsharif A., additional, Ahmed, Elsadig Mohamed, additional, Alruwaili, Majed Mowanes, additional, Baltoyour, Ammar W., additional, Alarfaj, Abdullah Salah, additional, Ali Al Bataj, Ibrahim, additional, Arabe, Abdullah M. A., additional, and Nabi, Showkat Ul, additional

Published
2024
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18. Differential LRRK2 Signalling and Gene Expression in WT-LRRK2 and G2019S-LRRK2 Mouse Microglia Treated with Zymosan and MLi2

Author

Nazish, Iqra, primary, Mamais, Adamantios, additional, Mallach, Anna, additional, Bettencourt, Conceicao, additional, Kaganovich, Alice, additional, Warner, Thomas, additional, Hardy, John, additional, Lewis, Patrick A., additional, Pocock, Jennifer, additional, Cookson, Mark R., additional, and Bandopadhyay, Rina, additional

Published
2023
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19. Composition Effect on the Formation of Oxide Phases by Thermal Decomposition of CuNiM(III) Layered Double Hydroxides with M(III) = Al, Fe

Author

Awan, Iqra Zubair, primary, Ho, Phuoc Hoang, additional, Beltrami, Giada, additional, Fraisse, Bernard, additional, Cacciaguerra, Thomas, additional, Gaudin, Pierrick, additional, Tanchoux, Nathalie, additional, Albonetti, Stefania, additional, Martucci, Annalisa, additional, Cavani, Fabrizio, additional, Di Renzo, Francesco, additional, and Tichit, Didier, additional

Published
2023
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20. College Students’ Reflections on Their Experience Facilitating a Photovoice Research Project with BIPOC Older Adults and Frontline Healthcare Workers

Author

Angela U. Ekwonye, Tenzin Chonyi, Iqra Farah, Stephanie Nguyen, Abigail Malek, and Mary Hearst

Subjects
college students, photovoice research project, reflections, BIPOC older adults, BIPOC frontline healthcare workers
Abstract

The photovoice literature has focused mainly on research collaborations between researchers in academia and community partners. There is limited evidence of undergraduate students facilitating photovoice research projects with underserved Black, Indigenous, and persons of color (BIPOC). Students’ participation in photovoice research increases their understanding of local issues and can empower them to engage with local communities to create change. This qualitative study explored students’ experiences facilitating photovoice research with BIPOC older adults and frontline healthcare workers. In this study, we trained college students in photovoice methodological skills by introducing photovoice as a participatory qualitative methodology, explained ethics issues and the informed consent process, and clarified the steps and requirements for the photovoice project. Students were paired with BIPOC older adults and frontline healthcare workers. They facilitated the photovoice research project in four stages. Throughout the study, students critically reflected and wrote about the various aspects of their experience facilitating the photovoice research activities based on weekly structured reflection questions. In their weekly journal, student facilitators commented on how both older and younger BIPOC participants were friendly and kind, flexible with the research activity scheduling, inspiring with their stories, and selfless. Students’ reflections indicated that their participants experienced greater emotional and psychological burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbated by the long-standing epidemic of systemic racism. Student facilitators overwhelmingly recognized participants’ resilience and perseverance despite these life challenges. Our findings highlight the importance of photovoice in developing and strengthening college students’ qualitative research skills and stimulating critical thinking and creativity, a sense of critical consciousness about social issues and society, and a sense of empowerment. Our results will be relevant to hospital/long-term care managers, policymakers, and researchers.

Published
2023
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23. The Biochemical, Microbiological, Antioxidant and Sensory Characterization of Fermented Skimmed Milk Drinks Supplemented with Probiotics Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus

Author

Shabbir, Iqra, primary, Al-Asmari, Fahad, additional, Saima, Hafiza, additional, Nadeem, Muhammad Tahir, additional, Ambreen, Saadia, additional, Kasankala, Ladislaus Manaku, additional, Khalid, Muhammad Zubair, additional, Rahim, Muhammad Abdul, additional, Özogul, Fatih, additional, Bartkiene, Elena, additional, and Rocha, João Miguel, additional

Published
2023
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25. Enhancing Sugarcane Yield and Sugar Quality through Optimal Application of Polymer-Coated Single Super Phosphate and Irrigation Management

Author

Sajid, Muhammad, primary, Amjid, Muhammad, additional, Munir, Hassan, additional, Valipour, Mohammad, additional, Rasul, Fahd, additional, Khil, Aka, additional, Alqahtani, Mashael Daghash, additional, Ahmad, Muhammad, additional, Zulfiqar, Usman, additional, Iqbal, Rashid, additional, Ali, Muhammad Fraz, additional, and Ibtahaj, Iqra, additional

Published
2023
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30. Molecular Identification of Piroplasmids in Ticks from Infested Small Ruminants in Konya Province, Turkey

Author

Ma, Zhuowei, primary, Ceylan, Onur, additional, Galon, Eloiza May, additional, Mohanta, Uday Kumar, additional, Ji, Shengwei, additional, Li, Hang, additional, Do, Thanh Thom, additional, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, additional, El-Sayed, Shimaa Abd El-Salam, additional, Zafar, Iqra, additional, Liu, Mingming, additional, Sevinc, Ferda, additional, and Xuan, Xuenan, additional

Published
2023
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31. The Comparison of Mutational Progression in SARS-CoV-2: A Short Updated Overview

Author

Abeer Asif, Iqra Ilyas, Mohammad Abdullah, Sadaf Sarfraz, Muhammad Mustafa, and Arif Mahmood

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world population adversely, posing a threat to human health. In the past few years, various strains of SARS-CoV-2, each with different mutations in its structure, have impacted human health in negative ways. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations influence the virulence, antibody evasion, and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) affinity of the virus. These mutations are essential to understanding how a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 has changed and its possible effects on the human body. This review provides an insight into the spike mutations of SARS-CoV-2 variants. As the current scientific data offer a scattered outlook on the various type of mutations, we aimed to categorize the mutations of Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.612.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) systematically according to their location in the subunit 1 (S1) and subunit 2 (S2) domains and summarized their consequences as a result. We also compared the miscellany of mutations that have emerged in all four variants to date. The comparison shows that mutations such as D614G and N501Y have emerged in all four variants of concern and that all four variants have multiple mutations within the N-terminal domain (NTD), as in the case of the Delta variant. Other mutations are scattered in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and subdomain 2 (SD2) of the S1 domain. Mutations in RBD or NTD are often associated with antibody evasion. Few mutations lie in the S2 domain in the Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants. However, in the Omicron variant many mutations occupy the S2 domain, hinting towards a much more evasive virus.

Published
2022
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38. Shifts in the Distribution Range and Niche Dynamics of the Globally Threatened Western Tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus) Due to Climate Change and Human Population Pressure

Author

Jameel, Muhammad Azhar, primary, Nadeem, Muhammad Sajid, additional, Haq, Shiekh Marifatul, additional, Mubeen, Iqra, additional, Shabbir, Arifa, additional, Aslam, Shahzad, additional, Ahmad, Riyaz, additional, Gaafar, Abdel-Rhman Z., additional, Al-Munqedhi, Bander M. A., additional, and Bussmann, Rainer W., additional

Published
2023
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50. Correction: Dilpazeer et al. A Comprehensive Review of the Latest Advancements in Controlling Arsenic Contaminants in Groundwater. Water 2023, 15, 478

Author

Dilpazeer, Fariha, primary, Munir, Mamoona, additional, Baloch, Muhammad Yousuf Jat, additional, Shafiq, Iqrash, additional, Iqbal, Javeeria, additional, Saeed, Muhammad, additional, Abbas, Muhammad Mujtaba, additional, Shafique, Sumeer, additional, Aziz, Kosar Hikmat Hama, additional, Mustafa, Ahmad, additional, and Mahboob, Iqra, additional

Published
2023
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