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1. Improving Recycled Paper Materials through the Incorporation of Hemp, Wood Virgin Cellulose Fibers, and Nanofibers

Author

Inese Filipova, Laura Andze, Marite Skute, Juris Zoldners, Ilze Irbe, and Inga Dabolina

Subjects
paper, agro-waste, hemp fibers, mechanical properties, air permeability, packaging, Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., TP200-248, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., TP890-933, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A significant increase in the consumption of recycled fiber products has been observed worldwide, and the industry is forced to solve the challenges of recycled fiber quality and add strength agents and/or virgin fibers to reach sufficient properties. In order to investigate whether the mechanical and air permeability properties of waste fiber (WF) material can be significantly improved by adding wood kraft fibers (KF), hemp soda fibers (HF), and ammonium persulfate oxidated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), different fiber blends were prepared and tested. Results revealed the excellence of hemp fibers over wood fibers regarding the improvement of WF products. The results of WF after the addition of 10% mixed fibers (KF + HF) were higher than the results of a 50% KF addition. The impact of CNF depended on fiber composition and properties. A formula for modeling the CNF impact on different fiber compositions was proposed. Obtained fiber material samples showed suitability for home composting, thus contributing to the goals of the European Green Deal regarding reducing landfill waste and the development of cleaner products.

Published
2023
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2. Characterization of Novel Biopolymer Blend Mycocel from Plant Cellulose and Fungal Fibers

Author

Marite Skute, Inese Filipova, Talis Juhna, Karina Spunde, Ilze Irbe, and Anna Zajakina

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Microfiltration, fungal fibers, microstructure, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, mechanical properties, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ganoderma applanatum, lcsh:Organic chemistry, hemp fibers, Air permeability specific surface, Ultimate tensile strength, Cellulose, Trametes versicolor, biology, air permeability, virus membrane filtration, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Cellulose fiber, chemistry, mycocel, softwood fibers, engineering, Biopolymer, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

In this study unique blended biopolymer mycocel from naturally derived biomass was developed. Softwood Kraft (KF) or hemp (HF) cellulose fibers were mixed with fungal fibers (FF) in different ratios and the obtained materials were characterized regarding microstructure, air permeability, mechanical properties, and virus filtration efficiency. The fibers from screened Basidiomycota fungi Ganoderma applanatum (Ga), Fomes fomentarius (Ff), Agaricus bisporus (Ab), and Trametes versicolor (Tv) were applicable for blending with cellulose fibers. Fungi with trimitic hyphal system (Ga, Ff) in combinations with KF formed a microporous membrane with increased air permeability (&gt, 8820 mL/min) and limited mechanical strength (tensile index 9–14 Nm/g). HF combination with trimitic fungal hyphae formed a dense fibrillary net with low air permeability (77–115 mL/min) and higher strength 31–36 Nm/g. The hyphal bundles of monomitic fibers of Tv mycelium and Ab stipes made a tight structure with KF with increased strength (26–43 Nm/g) and limited air permeability (14–1630 mL/min). The blends KF FF (Ga) and KF FF (Tv) revealed relatively high virus filtration capacity: the log10 virus titer reduction values (LRV) corresponded to 4.54 LRV and 2.12 LRV, respectively. Mycocel biopolymers are biodegradable and have potential to be used in water microfiltration, food packaging, and virus filtration membranes.

Published
2021

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