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Background: There are four pairs of paranasal sinuses: maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, and sphenoidal. It is common to see changes in size and shape throughout life, so understanding the effect of age on sinus volume can help in radiographic studies and in planning dental and surgical procedures in the sinus-nasal region. The aim of the present systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of available studies which assess the volumetric characteristics of the sinuses and their changes according to age., Materials and Methods: The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic advanced electronic search was performed in five databases (Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Lilacs) in June-July 2022. Studies that assessed the volumetric changes of paranasal sinuses with age were eligible for inclusion. A qualitative synthesis of the methodology and results of the included studies was performed. Quality assessment was performed using the NIH quality assessment tool., Results: A total of 38 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most authors who studied the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses concluded that it begins its development from birth until the maximum peak of growth, from which it begins to decrease in volume with age. Results regarding the volumetric changes of the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses are mixed., Conclusions: Based on the results of the studies included in the present review, it can be concluded that the volume of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinus appears to decrease with age. Conclusions on the volumetric changes of the sphenoidal and frontal sinuses require further evidence.

The implementation of hydraulic calcium silicate-based endodontic cements (HCSCs) in biologically based endodontic procedures for the primary dentition has been recently investigated, focusing on the biological response of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) towards them. The present systematic review aimed to present a qualitative synthesis of the available literature consisting of in vitro assays, which assessed the cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of HCSCs in direct contact with SHEDs. Following the PRISMA statement, an electronic database search was carried out in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and SciELO on March 31st and updated on November 16th, 2020. In vitro studies evaluating the biological response of SHEDs to the treatment with HCSCs were eligible. Within the term biological response, assays assessing the cytocompatibility (i.e., cell viability, migration, proliferation), cell plasticity or differentiation (i.e., osteo/odontogenic marker expression), and bioactivity or biomineralization (i.e., mineralized nodule formation) were included. A total of seven studies were included after the selection process. The study sample comprised an extensive range of cell viability, migration, proliferation, adhesion, and bioactivity assays regarding the biological response of SHEDs towards five different commercially available HCSCs (MTA, ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, iRoot BP Plus, and Theracal LC). Biodentine, MTA, and iRoot BP Plus showed significant positive results in cytocompatibility and bioactivity assays when cultured with SHEDs. The results from in vitro assays assessing the cytocompatibility and bioactivity of the HCSCs MTA, Biodentine, and iRoot BP Plus towards SHEDs support their use in vital pulp treatment for the primary dentition.