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The aim of this study was investigating the biological diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Chilean grapes and identifying potential candidates for use as malolactic fermentation starter cultures. The isolated bacteria underwent a comprehensive six-stage screening process, which was mutually exclusive except for the evaluation of tyramine production and citric acid intake. This process included morphological, metabolic, fermentation yield, and resistance tests to identify promising malolactic strains. Morphological assessments led to the selection of 23 isolates, which were genetically identified as Levilactobacillus brevis (65% abundance) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (35% abundance). Among these, eight strains exhibited low sugar metabolism rates, while three demonstrated competitive growth and malolactic activity in a synthetic medium containing 10% ethanol, outperforming a commercial strain. Low consumption was observed in the qualitative citric acid intake test, whereas a positive response was noted for tyramine production. At the conclusion of the sequential selection criteria, Levilactobacillus brevis BCV-46 exhibited the most favorable characteristics for potential use as a malolactic starter culture, successfully withstanding the combined stress factors of ethanol, pH, and SO 2 .

Plastic food packaging causes massive pollution in the environment via resource extraction, gas emissions, and the enduring plastic waste accumulation. Hence, it is of crucial importance to discover sustainable alternatives in order to protect ecosystems and conserve precious resources. Recently, seaweed has been emerging as a promising sustainable solution to plastic pollution. Seaweed is a fast-growing marine plant that is abundant in tropical coastlines and requires minimal resources to cultivate. In addition, seaweed is rich in valuable polysaccharides such as alginate, fucoidan, carrageenan, agar, and ulva, which can be extracted and processed into biodegradable films, coatings, and wraps. This ability allows the creation of an alternative to plastic food packages that are completely biodegradable, made from renewable resources, and do not linger in landfills or oceans for centuries. In this context, this review discusses the main classification of seaweed, their production and abundance in the world, and provides a summary of seaweed-based materials developed in the last 2-5 years for potential usage in the food packaging sector.

The perspectives of the Compounded Drug Preparation Information Exchange Expert Panel of the United States Pharmacopeia (CDPIE-EP) on the urgent need to create and maintain data standards to support the electronic transmission of an interoperable dataset for compounded nonsterile preparations (CNSPs) for children and the elderly is presented. The CDPIE-EP encourages all stakeholders associated with the generation, transmission, and preparation of CNSPs, including standards-setting and informatics organizations, to discern the critical importance of accurate transmission of prescription to dispensing the final product and an urgent need to create and adopt a seamless, transparent, interoperable, digitally integrated prescribing and dispensing system benefiting of all patients that need CNSPs, especially for children with special healthcare needs and medical complexity (CSHCN-CMC) and for adults with swallowing difficulties. Lay summary: Current electronic prescription processing standards do not permit the complete transmission of compounded nonsterile preparations (CNSPs) from a prescriber to dispenser. This lack creates multiple opportunities for medication errors, especially at transitions of care for children with medical complexity and adults that cannot swallow tablets and capsules. The United States Pharmacopeia Expert Panel on Compounded Drug Preparation Information Exchange aims to reduce this source of error by creating ways and means for CNSPs to be transmitted within computer systems across the continuum of care. Twitter: Digitizing compounded preparation monographs and NDC-like formulation identifiers in computerized prescription systems will minimize error.

The study of non- Saccharomyces yeasts in wine fermentations allows the exploration of new alternatives for the reduction of ethanol in wines. The objective of this work was to evaluate the fermentation capacity of two indigenous Candida yeasts ( C. oleophila and C. boidinii ) in monoculture and sequential fermentations (laboratory and microvinification scale) to produce Chilean Sauvignon Blanc wine. Fermentations were monitored by the determination of ethanol, glycerol, organic acids, and residual sugars. The results indicated that at the laboratory scale for both the monoculture and sequential fermentations it was possible to reduce the ethanol concentration on 0.77% v / v (monoculture) and 1.5% v / v (sequential) for C. oleophila and 0.50% v / v (monoculture) and 0.04% v / v (sequential) for C. boidinii compared to S. cerevisiae (12.87% v / v ). Higher glycerol concentrations were produced in monoculture than sequential fermentations ( C. oleophila : 9.47 g/L and C. boidinii 10.97 g/L). For microvinifications, the monoculture and sequential fermentations with C. boidinii managed to reduce ethanol content by 0.17% v / v and 0.54% v / v , respectively, over the S. cerevisiae control (13.74% v / v ). In the case of C. oleophila , the reduction was only observed in sequential fermentations with 0.62% v / v . Interestingly, grapes with higher sugar concentration resulted in wines with lees ethanol concentrations. This might be associated to the use of C. oleophila (13.12% v / v ) and C. boidinii (13.20% v / v ) in sequential fermentations microvinification scale.

Grapes are a source of native yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB); however, the microbial make up is dependent on the grape cultivar and the regional growth conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the yeast and LAB in seven grape cultivars cultivated in Chile. Grape juices were fermented at 25 °C for 7 days. Samples were collected to analyze sugar, organic acids, and ethanol. Microbial evolution was measured with culture-dependent and molecular approaches. Then, a native isolated Candida oleophila was selected for further sequential fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The grape cultivars in the Maule showed a diversity of non- Saccharomyces yeasts, with a greater diversity observed at the beginning of the fermentation. However, species from the Hansenasporia , Metschnikowia , Torulaspora , Lachancea , and Candida genera were detected after 7 days, suggesting tolerance to environments rich in ethanol, capability may be associated to the terroir studied, which is characterized by torrid weather and antique and traditional vineyards. The alcoholic fermentation negatively impacted the LAB population, and after 7 days only Leuconostoc mesenteroides was isolated. In the sequential fermentations, C. oleophila was able to produce fermented grape juices with <1.5 g/L glucose, 12.5% ( v / v ) alcohol, and low concentrations of malic (<1.00 g/L) and succinic (2.05 g/L) acids, while acetic acid reached values >0.3 (g/L). To our knowledge this is the first time C. oleophila has been reported as a potential starter culture for wine production. However, more studies are necessary to fully characterize the potential of C. oleophila on wine attributes.

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) use relatively high quantities of healthcare resources and have overall higher morbidity than the general pediatric population. Embedding clinical pharmacists into the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) to provide comprehensive medication management (CMM) through collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) for children, especially for CSHCN, can improve outcomes, enhance the experience of care for families, and reduce the cost of care. Potential network infrastructures for collaborative practice focused on CSHCN populations, common language and terminology for CMM, and clinical pharmacist workforce estimates are provided. Applying the results from the CMM in Primary Care grant, this paper outlines the following: (1) setting up collaborative practices for CMM between clinical pharmacists and pediatricians (primary care pediatricians and sub-specialties, such as pediatric clinical pharmacology); (2) proposing various models, organizational structures, design requirements, and shared electronic health record (EHR) needs; and (3) outlining consistent documentation of CMM by clinical pharmacists in CSHCN populations.

Ongoing healthcare reform calls for increased accessibility, enhanced delivery, and improved quality of healthcare. Children and adolescents are experiencing a rise in the prevalence in chronic diseases leading to an increased utilization of medications. The increased use of chronic medications can lead to more medication errors or adverse drug events, particularly in children and adolescents using multiple chronic medications. These ongoing changes expand opportunities for a pharmacist to become further integrated in the inter-professional healthcare delivery for pediatric patients, particularly in an ambulatory or community setting. To date, a systemic process for the provision of medication therapy management (MTM) services in pediatric patients has not been elucidated. The purpose of this paper is to describe a proposed model for delivering pediatric MTM. Furthermore, based on the available literature related to pediatric patients at risk for medication errors, adverse drug reactions, and subsequently-increased utilization of emergency departments and hospitalizations, a set of criteria is proposed for further research investigation.