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(1) Introduction: Since electric scooters were launched in 2017, they have become increasingly popular worldwide and a cause of childhood trauma. (2) Case reports: This paper has a double-fold purpose: it reports two cases of epidural hematomas and compares them with electric scooter-related head trauma in the literature. An overview of the literature on this topic was performed to make such a comparison. Our cases are one of almost 52 cm3 and one of 129 cm3, both in two eight-year-olds. (3) Discussion: Although usually mild, traumatic brain injuries following e-scooter falls can also be moderate and severe. Reduced helmet use, high speed, and a lack of experience are the perfect set-up for potential severe injuries. Intracranial bleeds are not frequent, and epidural hematomas are rare in such cases, but they can significantly impact the individual, community, and healthcare system. No other medium- or large-sized epidural hematomas were reported in children sustaining electric scooter-related head trauma. (4) Conclusions: Our review parallels the literature and our hospital’s experience. Although there are both similarities and discrepancies between our cases and the literature, mild trauma should not be disregarded, for it may hide serious complications requiring immediate surgery.

Background: This study investigates the association between depression and ischemic heart disease (IHD), conditions that often coexist and complicate patient management. Understanding the impact of demographic factors, risk factors, symptoms, and medical approaches in these patients is essential to develop effective clinical strategies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate how demographic characteristics, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment methods differ between patients with depression alone and those with both depression and IHD. It seeks to identify how these factors influence patient outcomes, providing insights to improve management and treatment approaches for this complex patient group. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 332 patients diagnosed with depression, with a specific subgroup consisting of individuals who also had comorbid IHD. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the patients with depression, focusing on those with IHD. Data on demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, environment, social status), risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes), symptom severity, and treatments (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics) were analyzed. The study also evaluated the frequency of cardiac examinations and emergency hospitalizations. Results: Significant demographic differences were found between the two groups. Patients with both depression and IHD had higher rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and experienced more severe depressive symptoms, including reduced mood, energy, and activity levels. The treatment patterns were similar in terms of antidepressant use, but the IHD group had a higher use of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and hypnotics. Additionally, these patients required more cardiac examinations and emergency hospitalizations. Conclusions: Comorbidity between depression and IHD presents complex clinical challenges, and it is crucial to implement an integrated management approach that addresses both mental and physical health. This study highlights the need for comprehensive therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life and outcomes for patients with these coexisting conditions.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem worldwide, currently ranking third in cancer incidence and second in mortality. Multiple genes and environmental factors have been involved in the complex and multifactorial process of CRC carcinogenesis. VDR is an intracellular hormone receptor expressed in both normal epithelial and cancer colon cells at various levels. Several VDR gene polymorphisms, including FokI and BsmI, have been evaluated for their possible association with CRC susceptibility. The aim of our study was to investigate these two SNPs for the first time in Romanian CRC patients. FokI (rs228570 C>T) and BsmI (rs1544410 A>G) were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 384-well plates using specific TaqMan predesigned probes on a ViiA™ 7 RT-PCR System. A total of 441 subjects (166 CRC patients and 275 healthy controls) were included. No statistically significant difference was observed between CRC patients and controls when we compared the wild-type genotype with heterozygous and mutant genotypes for both FokI (OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.56–1.28; OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.51–1.79, respectively) and BsmI (OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.63–1.49; OR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.65–1.87, respectively) or in the dominant and recessive models. Also, we compared allele frequencies, and no correlation was found. Moreover, the association between these SNPs and the tumor site, TNM stage, and histological type was examined separately, and there was no statistically significant difference. In conclusion, our study did not show any association between FokI and BsmI SNPs and CRC susceptibility in a Romanian population. Further studies including a larger number of samples are needed to improve our knowledge regarding the influence of VDR polymorphism on CRC susceptibility.

Background and Objectives: Intestinal endometriosis is an exceptionally rare cause of intestinal obstruction. This case report and literature review aim to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and surgical management of this condition. Materials and methods: We report the case of a 50-year-old female patient who presented diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, a distended abdomen, and an absence of intestinal transit for gas and faeces. Initial symptoms included flatulence and constipation, which gradually worsened for two months prior to the patient’s hospital admission, leading to acute intestinal obstruction. Diagnostic investigations, including blood tests, ultrasound (USG), X-ray, and a contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) scan, revealed significant small bowel dilatation and an ileal volvulus. The patient underwent urgent hydro-electrolytic and metabolic rebalancing followed by a median laparotomy surgical procedure. Intraoperative findings included a distended small intestine and an obstructive ileal volvulus, and required an 8 cm segmental enterectomy and terminal ileostomy. Results: Postoperative recovery was slow but favourable, with a gradual digestive tolerance. Histopathological examination of the resected ileum revealed intestinal endometriosis characterized by a fibro-conjunctive reaction and nonspecific chronic active inflammation. Five months later, the patient underwent a successful reversal of the ileostomy with a mechanical lateral anastomosis of the cecum and ileum, resulting in a favourable postoperative course. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of considering intestinal endometriosis in women presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and highlights the need for timely surgical intervention and careful postoperative management. Further research is required to better understand the pathophysiology and optimal treatment strategies for intestinal endometriosis.

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by the excessive production of growth hormone (GH) in adulthood. Currently, it is understood that certain pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) exhibit a hereditary predisposition. These tumors’ genetic patterns fall into two categories: isolated and syndromic tumors. The isolated forms are characterized by molecular defects that predispose exclusively to PitNETs, including familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPAs) and sporadic genetic defects not characterized by hereditary predisposition. All the categories involve either germline or somatic mutations, or both, each associated with varying levels of penetrance and different phenotypes. This highlights the importance of genetic testing and the need for a more comprehensive view of the whole disease. Despite the availability of multiple treatment options, diagnosis often occurs after several years, and management is still difficult. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing complications and enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals. This review aims to elucidate the molecular, clinical, and histological characteristics of GH-secreting PitNETs, providing insights into their prevalence, treatment nuances, and the benefits of genetic testing for each type of genetic disorder associated with acromegaly.

Much of today’s power grid was designed and built using technologies and organizational principles developed decades ago. The lack of energy resources and classic power networks are the main causes of the development of the smart grid to efficiently use energy resources, with stable and safe operation. In such a network, one of the fundamental priorities is provided by non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) in order to analyze, recognize and determine the electricity consumption of each consumer. In this paper, we propose a new smart system approach for the characterization of the appliance load signature based on a data-driven method, namely the phase diagram. Our aim is to use the non-intrusive load monitoring of appliances in order to recognize different types of consumers that can exist within a smart building.

The need to use environmentally friendly substances in agriculture for pest control has become increasingly urgent in recent years. This was generated by humanity’s awareness of the harmful effects of chemicals with increased persistence, which accumulated in nature and harmed living beings. Essential oils are among the most important biopesticides and could significantly contribute to the expansion of ecological agriculture, replacing traditional methods. However, for judicious use, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the mechanisms by which these oils act on both harmful and useful insects. An important step in transitioning from theory to practice is adapting essential oil application technologies for open fields, overcoming the difficulties created by their high volatility and low remanence, which results in a rapid reduction in the toxic effect. The review proposes an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the existing literature on these subjects, aiming to provide researchers with some potential future study directions and practitioners with a solid base of information regarding the interaction between insects and essential oils.

The development of the finite element method (FEM) combined block polynomial interpolation with the concepts of finite difference formats and the variation principle. Because of this combination, the FEM overcomes the shortcomings of traditional variation methods while maintaining the benefits of current variation methods and the flexibility of the finite difference method. As a result, the FEM is an advancement above the traditional variation methods. The purpose of this study is to experimentally highlight the thermal behavior of two stomatognathic systems, one a control and the other presenting orthodontic treatment by means of a fixed metallic orthodontic appliance, both being subjected to several thermal regimes. In order to sustain this experimental research, we examined the case of a female subject, who was diagnosed with Angle class I malocclusion. The patient underwent a bimaxillary CBCT investigation before initiating the orthodontic treatment. A three-dimensional model with fully closed surfaces was obtained by using the InVesalius and Geomagic programs. Like the tissues examined in the patient, bracket and tube-type elements as well as orthodontic wires can be included to the virtual models. Once it is finished and geometrically accurate, the model is exported to an FEM-using program, such as Ansys Workbench. The intention was to study the behavior of two stomatognathic systems (with and without a fixed metallic orthodontic appliance) subjected to very hot food (70 °C) and very cold food (−18 °C). From the analysis of the obtained data, it was concluded that, following the simulations carried out in the presence of the fixed metallic orthodontic appliance, significantly higher temperatures were generated in the dental pulp.

Juglans regia L. is an edible fruit tree cultivated worldwide for its fruits and wood and as an urban tree. Globally, there is growing concern for preserving the genetic diversity of trees with high economic and ecological value. This study investigates the genetic diversity of J. regia in urban landscapes and assesses the quality of its walnut kernels as a local food product. An inventory of 150 trees from five populations in public green spaces in Lugoj, Caransebeș and Jupa, as well as two semi-natural hilly ecosystems in the Banat Region, was conducted. Molecular analyses showed that Directed Amplification of Minisatellite-region DNA (DAMD) markers were more effective than Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers, with a higher average polymorphism of 56.26%, compared to 49.44%. DAMD07 achieved 100% polymorphism and DAMD05 showed a strong balance between P.I.C. (0.35) and polymorphism (54.54%). Chemical analysis revealed the following contents in walnut kernels: protein (12.81% to 16.80%), lipids (60.39% to 69.08%), total polyphenols (5484.66 to 10,788.4 mg GAE/kg), copper (3.655 to 8.532 mg/kg), manganese (14.408 to 28.618 mg/kg), zinc (19.813 to 46.583 mg/kg), lead (1.204 to 2.27 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.03451 to 0.08065 mg/kg). These findings are critical for conservation efforts, urban forestry management and ensuring the quality and safety of walnut products derived from J. regia.

Antibiotic misuse in Romania has exacerbated the issue of antibiotic resistance, as patients often use antibiotics without proper medical consultation. This study aimed to assess the resistance of prevalent bacteria to different antibiotics. In this observational study conducted over six months, we analyzed 31 pediatric patients aged from 12 days to 13 years using the disk diffusion method. We identified 31 bacterial isolates, including 8 Gram-negative and 8 Gram-positive strains, with the most common being Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Our findings revealed that the most effective antibiotics were linezolid, ertapenem, and teicoplanin. In contrast, nearly all tested bacteria exhibited resistance to penicillin, followed by oxacillin and ampicillin. Resistance to cephalosporins varied with generation, showing higher resistance to lower-generation cephalosporins. The study highlights significant antibiotic resistance among common bacterial pathogens in Romanian pediatric patients, emphasizing the urgent need for controlled antibiotic use and alternative treatment strategies to combat this growing issue. Effective antibiotics such as linezolid and ertapenem offer potential solutions, whereas reliance on penicillin and lower-generation cephalosporins is increasingly futile.

Chronic threatening limb ischemia of the inferior limbs (CLTI) is the final stage of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and is one of the most feared atherosclerotic manifestations because if left untreated, in time, it can lead to amputation. Although there are currently numerous treatment techniques, both open and endovascular, it is a pathology that has no underlying treatment. Therefore, current studies are very much focused on new therapeutic possibilities that can be applied in the early stages of the atherosclerotic process. In numerous studies in the literature, miRNAs have been identified as important markers of atherosclerosis. The present study aims to identify the expression of three miRNAs—miR-199a, miR-20a, and miR-30c—in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia in the pre- and post-revascularization periods. The aim of the study is to identify whether these three markers play a role in critical ischemia and whether they have the potential for future use in new treatments of this pathology.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder with a significant impact on both individuals and society in terms of quality of life and healthcare costs. A growing body of research has identified various communication pathways between the microbiota and the brain in relation to motility disorders, with the gut–brain axis being key to the pathogenesis of IBS. Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenetic pathways in IBS, including immune mechanisms, psychosocial factors, increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, as well as genetic and hormonal factors. Increased permeability of the normal intestinal barrier allows bacterial products to access the lamina propria, providing a mechanism for perpetuating chronic inflammation and characteristic symptoms. The microbiota influences inflammatory processes in IBS by altering the balance between pro-inflammatory factors and host defence. Probiotics modulate the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in IBS by influencing the composition of the microbiota and improving intestinal motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, immune function of the intestinal epithelium, metabolic processes in the intestinal lumen, dysfunction of the microbiota-GBA, and are recognised as effective and safe in IBS therapy. Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between the gut–brain axis, microbiota, and IBS, based on current information.

Bioceramics are the most promising materials used for hard tissue reconstruction. In this study, wollastonite/hydroxyapatite (HAp/WS)-type composite ceramic structures were synthesized with the aim of reaching a material with improved properties for use in bone tissue regeneration. The scaffolds were synthesized using a foam replica method, starting from ceramic powders with different mass ratios. These were subsequently studied and compared to identify the ideal mass ratio in terms bioactive character, appropriate mechanical properties, but also microstructural influence. The results indicate that all of the samples showed a highly porous microstructure with interconnected pores and high mineralization after 21 days of immersion in SBF. The porous structures with 90% and 70% mass contents of hydroxyapatite presented a well-defined structure and the highest values of mechanical compressive strength. Biocompatibility evaluation showed that osteoblast-like cells are able to penetrate the inner volume of the structures, exhibiting a biocompatible behavior in terms of morphological features and viability following 7 days of incubation. All results show that the porous composite ceramics with 90% and 70% mass contents of hydroxyapatite are promising materials for bone tissue regeneration.

During the last two decades, an increased number of molecules with multiple mechanisms of action have been approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a substantial increase in the costs related to therapy, which has become a concern for payers, regulators, and healthcare professionals. Biosimilars are biologic medical products that are highly structurally similar to their reference products; have no clinically meaningful differences in terms of immunogenicity, safety, or effectiveness; and are available at a lower price. Materials and Methods: This was an observational prospective study conducted in two IBD centres in Bucharest and included 53 patients, 27 male (M) and 26 female (F), diagnosed with IBD according to standard clinical, endoscopic, radiological, and histological criteria, who were non-medically switched at the indication of the National Insurance House to a biosimilar of Adalimumab. Aims: The aim was to determine the rates of clinical remission, adverse effects, and treatment persistence at one year. Results: No significant differences were found in terms of the faecal calprotectin (FC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels 6 and 12 months after changing from the originator biologic treatment to a biosimilar. Only one patient required a change in their biological treatment following the clinical and biological loss of response. The main adverse effect reported by the patients was pain at the injection site. Of the 53 patients, only 2 reported pain at the injection site, and 1 patient reported experiencing abdominal pain and rectal bleeding immediately after the switch, but no recurrence was observed clinically or endoscopically. Conclusions: This observational study is the first to be carried out in Romania that shows that, after a non-medical switch, biosimilars of Adalimumab are as efficient and safe as the originator Adalimumab in the clinical treatment of patients with IBD.

Background: Plants have long been recognized for their potential to influence neurological health, with both neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties. This review explores the dual nature of plant-derived compounds and their impact on the human brain. Discussion: Numerous studies have highlighted the neuroprotective effects of various phytoconstituents, such as those found in Ginkgo biloba, Centella asiatica, Panax ginseng, Withania somnifera, and Curcuma longa. The neuroprotective compounds have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing properties, making them promising candidates for combating neurodegenerative diseases and improving brain function. Polyphenolic compounds, triterpenic acids, and specific phytocompounds like the ones from EGb 761 extract have shown interactions with key enzymes and receptors in the brain, leading to neuroprotective outcomes. However, this review also acknowledges the neurotoxic potential of certain plants, such as the Veratrum species, which contains steroidal alkaloids that can cause DNA damage and disrupt neurological function, or Atropa belladonna, which interfere with the normal functioning of the cholinergic system in the body, leading to a range of symptoms associated with anticholinergic toxicity. Conslusions: This review also emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of plant-derived compounds, as well as to identify novel phytoconstituents with therapeutic potential. Understanding the complex relationship between plants and the human brain is crucial for harnessing the benefits of neuroprotective compounds while mitigating the risks associated with neurotoxic substances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the knowledge on the neurological properties of plants and highlights the importance of continued research in this field for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting brain health and neurological disorders.

The cultivation of alfalfa is crucial for farmers as it is an excellent forage crop with a high nitrogen-fixing capacity, making it indispensable in crop rotations. Breeding programs face challenges in advancing more rapidly in genetic diversity to achieve a higher heterosis effect and, consequently, greater yield. In this study, we used 30 alfalfa varieties, which were used for molecular analyses by 5 ISSR primers and 13 RAPD primers. The results obtained highlighted the greater efficiency of ISSR primers in identifying genetic diversity. On the other hand, the simultaneous use of ISSR + RAPD allowed for clearer clustering of varieties that enabled more efficiently distinguishing the genetic diversity. The most efficient ISSR primer, A17, generated 31 polymorphic bands, while the most efficient RAPD primer, L-07, generated only 21 bands. Varieties such as “Pastoral” and “F1413-02” exhibited low similarity coefficients (0.39), suggesting their potential for enhancing genetic variability through crossbreeding, thereby increasing the potential of achieving a greater heterosis effect. Conversely, varieties with high similarity coefficients, such as ”Cristal” and “Viking” (0.81) are less suited for this purpose. The correlation between specific markers highlights that using both ISSR and RAPD markers together offers a clear understanding of genetic diversity in alfalfa, aiding in more effective selection for crossbreeding in breeding programs.

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils presents serious environmental and health risks. This study assessed the bioaccumulation and spatial distribution of nickel, cadmium, zinc, lead, and copper within a sheep-based food chain in the Baia Mare region, Romania, which includes soil, green grass, sheep serum, and dairy products. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we analyzed the concentrations of these metals and calculated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to evaluate their transfer through trophic levels. Spatial analysis revealed that copper (up to 2528.20 mg/kg) and zinc (up to 1821.40 mg/kg) exceeded permissible limits, particularly near former mining sites. Elevated lead (807.59 mg/kg) and cadmium (2.94 mg/kg) were observed in industrial areas, while nickel and cobalt showed lower concentrations, but with localized peaks. Zinc was the most abundant metal in grass, while cadmium transferred efficiently to milk and cheese, raising potential health concerns. The results underscore the complex interplay between soil properties, contamination sources, and biological processes in heavy metal accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies to protect public health from potential exposure through contaminated dairy products.

Digital transformation has become a topic of interest since public institutions digitalize their processes to improve efficiency, while citizens wish to solve their issues through online platforms. Even if this topic is a priority, the Digital Economy and Society Index reveals that digital public services from UE are under 30% development and implementation. This paper presents the current research made on digital public services and the perspective of Romanian citizens on the adoption of these platforms. The authors conduct bibliometric research to highlight the current progress and concerns. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis is made to determine the perception of Romanian citizens on digital public services and the factors that influence their decision to use them instead of traditional methods. According to the bibliometric analysis, 23 countries showed a raised interest for digital public services after 2020, which was a crucial moment that pushed digitalization among public institutions. Although Romanian citizens are aware of the benefits brought by digital public services, they encounter issues in terms of lack of information and technical support, knowledge, data security, and the complexity of these platforms. Therefore, the government should implement an integrated approach that considers cultural values as well as reliable and accessible digital solutions.

Rubus species are affected by the gall inducer Lasioptera rubi (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), which produces galls predominantly on the stem but sometimes also on the petiole. The presence of these neo-structures at the stem level can affect their survival and implicit production in raspberry crops. The purpose of the present study is to achieve the first detailed description of the histological and morphological peculiarities of these galls, which present great variability from these points of view. Three morphotypes were described in the galls produced in the stem, depending on the position of the larval chambers and the degree of damage to the vascular system. The histochemical investigations highlighted the presence of reducing sugars and proteins as the main nutrients in the gall tissues, as well as the presence of polyphenols and terpenoids as secondary products of metabolism. Indoleacetic acid was identified near the larval chambers and in the neighboring tissues, its presence having an important role in the changes in the morphogenesis of the secondary xylem in the stem and in inducing the appearance of meristematic nodules in the gall structure.

Food loss and waste (FLW) is a primary focus topic related to all human activity. This phenomenon has a great deal of importance due to its effect on the economic and social aspects of human systems. The most integrated approach to food waste analysis is based on the study of FLW alongside the agrifood chain, which has also been performed in previous studies by the authors. This paper presents a modality of determination of food loss and waste effects with an emphasis on consumer segments in agrifood chains in the form of a predictive model based on statistical data collected based on specific methods in Romania. The determination is made comparatively, using two predictive machine learning-based methods and separate instruments (software), in order to establish the best model that fits the collected data structure. In this matter, a Decision Tree Approach (DTA) and a Neural Network Approach (NNA) will be developed, and common methodologies of the approaches will be applied. The results will determine predictive outcomes for a specific food waste (FW) agent (e.g., consumer) based on pattern recognition of the collected data. The results showed relatively high-accuracy predictions, especially for the NN approach, with lower performances using the DTA. The effects of the application of this predictive model will be expected to improve the food loss prevention measures within economic contexts when applied to real-life scenarios.

Background/Objectives: Changes in nuclear morphology, alterations to the nuclear pore complex (NPC), including loss, aggregation, and dysfunction of nucleoporins (Nups), and nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) abnormalities have become hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous RNA sequencing data utilizing knockdown of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) identified enrichment for pathways and changes in RNAs related to nuclear morphology and showed differential expression of key nuclear targets. This suggests that dysfunction of hnRNP A1, which is observed in neurodegenerative diseases, may contribute to abnormalities in nuclear morphology, NPC, and NCT. Methods: We performed knockdown of hnRNP A1 in Neuro-2A cells, a neuronal cell line, to examine nuclear morphology, NPC, and NCT. Results: First, we examined nuclear morphology using Lamin B, wherein we observed increased nuclear envelope abnormalities in cells with hnRNP A1 knockdown as compared to control. To quantify changes in Lamin B, we designed and validated an automated computer-based model, which quantitatively confirmed our observations. Next, we investigated the impact of hnRNP A1 knockdown on components of the NPC and NCT. In line with the previous literature, we found changes in Nups, including altered distribution and reduced protein expression, as well as disrupted NCT. Finally, we validated our findings in multiple sclerosis (MS) brains, a disease with a significant neurodegenerative component caused by hnRNP A1 dysfunction, where neuronal nuclear envelope alterations were significantly increased as compared to controls. Conclusions: Together, these data implicate hnRNP A1 as an important contributor to nuclear morphology, Nup expression and distribution, and NCT and suggest that hnRNP A1 dysfunction may lead to defects in these processes in neurodegenerative diseases.

The scourge of food waste (FW) is a significant global challenge, impacting climate change, food security, and the sustainability of agrifood systems. The objective of this paper is to identify, analyze, and understand the factors influencing household consumer behaviors in Romania regarding the reduction of FW. Three primary research objectives were established to assess food consumption behaviors within households, to explore attitudes toward FW, and to understand the motivations for reducing FW along with the measures implemented by households to address this issue. Methodology: Data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire, designed to investigate consumer behaviors related to the avoidance of FW. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and a linear regression model was developed to evaluate a composite index measuring Romanian consumers’ behavior towards FW reduction. Results: The resulting model identifies key predictors that drive concrete actions to minimize FW, including the desire to mitigate the environmental impact, household conversations about FW and strategies to reduce it, established food routines, the influence of one’s social circle, individual ecological and social responsibility, and the effectiveness of awareness campaigns addressing the consequences of FW. Practical and social implications: The findings highlight the necessity of education and awareness initiatives to shift attitudes and behaviors concerning FW. Future research is warranted to deepen understanding and enhance interventions. Originality: This study represents a pioneering and innovative inquiry into FW behavior in Romania, filling a gap in the existing literature and contributing to the broader discourse on this pressing environmental issue.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder in which cardiac involvement is frequent and portends negative prognosis. Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is one of the most common cardiac alterations in these patients, and left atrial (LA) reservoir strain (ƐR) measurement using speckle tracking echocardiography has been proposed as a novel parameter for a better assessment of LV diastolic function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the prognostic value of ƐR in a large multicenter cohort of SSc patients. In total, 311 SSc patients (54 ± 14 years, 85% female) were included from two different centers. Echocardiography was performed at the time of first visit, including ƐR measurement. Over a median follow-up of 132 (interquartile range: 110 to 157) months, 67 (21.5%) patients experienced the outcome of all-cause mortality. Spline curve analysis identified an optimal cut-off value of 30% for ƐR, and patients with ƐR ≤ 30% showed a 10-year cumulative survival rate of 71% as compared to 88% for patients with ƐR > 30% (log-rank p < 0.001). At the multivariable Cox regression analysis, ƐR was independently associated with the endpoint (HR 1.830; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031–3.246; p = 0.039) together with age (HR 1.071, 95% CI 1.043 to 1.099; p < 0.001), sex (female) (HR 0.444, 95% CI 0.229 to 0.861; p = 0.016), and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (HR 0.969 95% CI 0.956 to 0.982; p < 0.001). ƐR is of independent prognostic value in SSc and might help optimizing risk stratification in these patients.

This paper examines the use of multisensory virtual reality (VR) as a novel approach in psychological therapy for autobiographical memory retrieval with benefits for cognitive enhancement, stress reduction, etc. Previous studies demonstrated improved outcomes in treating various psychological conditions (affective disorders and PTSD). Technological advancements in VR, such as olfactory integration, can contribute to the realism and therapeutic potential of these environments. The integration of various physical stimuli with VR holds promising potential for psychological therapies and highlights the need for further interdisciplinary research. In this pilot study, we tested the efficacy of a new system for triggering autobiographical memory retrieval. For this, we used images combined with odors in a congruent manner and offering participants the chance to interact with the VR environment by using two virtual hands. We evaluated the efficacy of this system using qualitative methods, with emphasis on the evaluation of the emotions associated with memory recollection and the ease of triggering memories. All participants in our pilot study experienced intense emotions related to childhood or adolescence, and the pleasant feelings they had during the experiment persisted even after it ended. This is an advancement to what exists currently and provides original research elements for our paper.

Autoimmune blistering diseases represent a group of chronic severe, disabling, and potentially fatal disorders of the skin and/or mucous membranes, primarily mediated by pathogenic auto-antibodies. Despite their rarity, these diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and profound negative impact on the patient’s quality of life and impose a considerable economic burden. Rituximab, an anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibody, represents the first line of therapy for pemphigus, regardless of severity and a valuable off-label therapeutic alternative for subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases as it ensures high rates of rapid, long-lasting complete remission. Nevertheless, disease recurrence is the rule, all patients requiring maintenance therapy with rituximab eventually. While innate resistance to rituximab in pemphigus patients is exceptional, acquired resistance is frequent and may develop even in patients with initial complete response to rituximab, representing a real challenge for physicians. We discuss the various resistance mechanisms and their complex interplay, as well as the numerous therapeutic alternatives that may be used to circumvent rituximab resistance. As no therapeutic measure is universally efficient, individualization of rituximab treatment regimen and tailored adjuvant therapies in refractory autoimmune blistering diseases are mandatory.

With the increasing use of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections in the masseter muscles for both medical and aesthetic purposes, there is a constant need to continually enhance the efficacy of these treatments and reduce the risk of potential adverse events. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the masseter muscle’s anatomical structure and essential landmarks and emphasizes the advantages of ultrasound (US) guidance in improving the precision of BoNT-A injections compared to conventional blind methods. The review is supplemented with comprehensive figures, including graphics, clinical images, and ultrasound visuals, to support the discussion. Potential complications such as paradoxical bulging, inadvertent injections into the risorius muscle or parotid gland, facial paralysis, and the risk of bone resorption are examined. Future research should aim at refining injection techniques and assessing the long-term effects of repeated treatments to ensure optimal patient care and safety.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas traditionally considered toxic, is now recognized as a vital endogenous signaling molecule with a complex physiology. This comprehensive study encompasses a systematic literature review that explores the intricate mechanisms underlying H2S-induced vasodilation. The vasodilatory effects of H2S are primarily mediated by activating ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channels, leading to membrane hyperpolarization and subsequent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Additionally, H2S inhibits L-type calcium channels, reducing calcium influx and diminishing VSMC contraction. Beyond ion channel modulation, H2S profoundly impacts cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. It stimulates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), increasing the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Elevated cGMP levels activate protein kinase G (PKG), which phosphorylates downstream targets like vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and promotes smooth muscle relaxation. The synergy between H2S and nitric oxide (NO) signaling further amplifies vasodilation. H2S enhances NO bioavailability by inhibiting its degradation and stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, increasing cGMP levels and potent vasodilatory responses. Protein sulfhydration, a post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in cell signaling. H2S S-sulfurates oxidized cysteine residues, while polysulfides (H2Sn) are responsible for S-sulfurating reduced cysteine residues. Sulfhydration of key proteins like K_ATP channels and sGC enhances their activity, contributing to the overall vasodilatory effect. Furthermore, H2S interaction with endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) pathways adds another layer to its vasodilatory mechanism. By enhancing EDHF activity, H2S facilitates the hyperpolarization and relaxation of VSMCs through gap junctions between endothelial cells and VSMCs. Recent findings suggest that H2S can also modulate transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly TRPV4 channels, in endothelial cells. Activating these channels by H2S promotes calcium entry, stimulating the production of vasodilatory agents like NO and prostacyclin, thereby regulating vascular tone. The comprehensive understanding of H2S-induced vasodilation mechanisms highlights its therapeutic potential. The multifaceted approach of H2S in modulating vascular tone presents a promising strategy for developing novel treatments for hypertension, ischemic conditions, and other vascular disorders. The interaction of H2S with ion channels, cyclic nucleotide signaling, NO pathways, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavenging, protein sulfhydration, and EDHF underscores its complexity and therapeutic relevance. In conclusion, the intricate signaling paradigms of H2S-induced vasodilation offer valuable insights into its physiological role and therapeutic potential, promising innovative approaches for managing various vascular diseases through the modulation of vascular tone.

The nasal route of administration can bypass the blood–brain barrier in order to obtain a higher concentration in the brain, thus offering a feasible alternative route of administration for diseases associated with the central nervous system. The advantages of the intranasal administration and the potential favorable therapeutic effects of intranasally administered insulin led to the formulation of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) hydrocolloidal systems with insulin for nasal administration, targeting nose-to-brain delivery and the initial assessment of these systems. The influence of the formulation variables on the response parameters defined as surface properties, rheology, and in vitro release of insulin were analyzed using experimental design and statistical programs (Modde and Minitab software). The systems recorded good wetting and adhesion capacity, allowing the spread of the hydrocolloidal systems on the nasal mucosa. The samples had a pseudoplastic flow and the rapid release of the insulin was according to our objective. According to the physico-chemical characterization and preliminary assessment, these formulations are appropriate for administration on the nasal mucosa, but further studies are necessary to demonstrate the beneficial therapeutic actions and the safety of using intranasal insulin.

Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a significant global health issue in urology, requiring effective management strategies. The management of nephrolithiasis through flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) is increasingly gaining acceptance; however, it is associated with significant costs related to consumables, pharmacotherapy, specialized equipment, and general anesthesia (GA). Limited resources and the need to optimize the cost effectiveness ratio have driven the shift to day-case procedures, offering financial and operational benefits and improving patient satisfaction. This outpatient care approach addresses clinical and economic challenges. For same-day discharge, spinal anesthesia (SA) is essential for fURS, as GA does not permit safe immediate discharge. This retrospective study investigates the feasibility of same-day discharge following fURS procedures performed under SA. Analyzing data from 401 patients who underwent 414 fURS procedures between January 2020 and December 2023, this study aims to evaluate whether same-day discharge is a viable option compared to conventional fURS under GA. The primary objectives are to assess the outcomes, including efficacy, stone-free rate (SFR), pain management, and complication rates, in the context of same-day discharge. Additionally, this study seeks to identify patient and kidney stone characteristics that may influence the suitability of one-day fURS under SA. Outcomes will be measured using the Dindo–Clavien (D-C) classification and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores post-procedure.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has seen a rise in prevalence, and the immune system’s role in brain development is increasingly recognized. This study investigates the relationship between immune dysregulation and ASD by examining serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (CXCL8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in children. Methods: Serum samples from 45 children with ASD and 30 controls, aged 2 to 12 years, were analyzed using electrochemiluminescence, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, and chemiluminescent immunoassay. ASD symptoms were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS) and Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Results: No significant correlation was observed between CXCL8 levels and ASD. IL-6 levels showed a trend toward elevation in boys with ASD. TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in children with ASD under 5 years compared to older children and controls, though no correlation with symptom severity was found. Conclusions: TNF-alpha may be a potential biomarker for early ASD detection, especially in younger children. Further research on larger cohorts is needed to understand the role of immune dysregulation in ASD.

Background and Objective: New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is a common cardiac condition often observed in intensive care units. When amiodarone is used to treat this condition, either to maintain sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion or to control heart rate, complications can arise when a systemic pathology is present. Systemic pathology can result in a decrease in cardiac output and blood pressure, making the management of NOAF and septic shock challenging. Limited international research exists on the coexistence of NOAF and septic shock, making it difficult to determine the optimal course of treatment. While amiodarone is not the primary choice of antiarrhythmic drug for patients in septic shock, it may be considered for those with underlying cardiac issues. This paper aims to investigate the safety of administering amiodarone to patients with septic shock and explore whether another antiarrhythmic drug may be more effective, especially considering the cardiac conditions that patients may have. Materials and Methods: To write this article, we searched electronic databases for studies where authors used amiodarone and other medications for heart rate control or sinus rhythm restoration. Results: The studies reviewed in this work have shown that for the patients with septic shock and NOAF along with a pre-existing cardiac condition like a dilated left atrium, the use of amiodarone may provide greater benefits compared to other antiarrhythmic drugs. For patients with NOAF and septic shock without underlying heart disease, the initial use of propafenone has been found to be advantageous. However, a challenge arises when deciding between rhythm or heart rate control using various drug classes. Unfortunately, there is limited literature available on this specific scenario. Conclusions: NOAF is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication occurring in one out of seven patients with sepsis, and its incidence is rising among patients with septic shock.

Anemophilous weeds from the Asteraceae family are highly allergenic and represent a significant source of aeroallergens in late summer and autumn. Ragweed and mugwort pollen allergies have become a significant health burden in Europe. Some people with respiratory allergies to weed pollen may also suffer hypersensitivity reactions to herbal medicines obtained from certain cross-reactive plants in the Compositae family, such as chamomile, marigold, and purple coneflower. General physicians, ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists, and pulmonologists need to be familiar with the diagnostic tests used by allergists in clinical practice to support accurate diagnosis in such patients. Allergists must also be aware of the suggestions of the European Medicines Agency (EMA)’s Herbal Medicinal Products Committee and the broad spectrum of herbal therapies to educate their patients about potential risks.

Candida spp. is rarely found in neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) etiology. However, candidemia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, as in late-onset sepsis. Congenital candidiasis may present as a mucocutaneous infection or, more rarely, as a systemic infection in term and preterm infants. This paper presents case reports of two cases of congenital systemic candidiasis (CSC) caused by Candida albicans and a review of the data in the literature. An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed to identify publications on congenital candidiasis. Both neonates were male, born vaginally, with risk factors for congenital candidiasis. One of the infants was born at term and presented with an almost generalized maculopapular rash at birth and congenital candidemia; parenteral fluconazole was used successfully. The other infant was born prematurely at 28 weeks of gestation; blood culture, gastric aspirate, and maternal vaginal cultures sampled at birth were positive for C. albicans. Liver and kidney involvement became apparent on the third day of life, while lung involvement was clinically evident on the fourth day. Prolonged parenteral fluconazole was administered due to multiple organ involvement and persistent candidemia. Our experience with the presented cases, similar to data in the literature, suggests that CSC may occur at any gestational age, with various clinical pictures, sometimes mimicking bacterial sepsis, and even in the absence of the rash. Careful anamnesis and a high index of suspicion are important for the prompt recognition and treatment of CSC, optimizing the short- and long-term outcomes. Further research should focus on CSC to improve its diagnosis.

Modern vehicles are increasingly interconnected through various communication channels, which requires secure access for authorized users, the protection of driver assistance and autonomous driving system data, and the assurance of data integrity against misuse or manipulation. While these advancements offer numerous benefits, recent years have exposed many intrusion incidents, revealing vulnerabilities and weaknesses in current systems. To sustain and enhance the performance, quality, and reliability of vehicle systems, software engineers face significant challenges, including in diverse communication channels, software integration, complex testing, compatibility, core reusability, safety and reliability assurance, data privacy, and software security. Addressing cybersecurity risks presents a substantial challenge in finding practical solutions to these issues. This study aims to analyze the current state of research regarding automotive cybersecurity, with a particular focus on four main themes: frameworks and technologies, standards and regulations, monitoring and vulnerability management, and testing and validation. This paper highlights key findings, identifies existing research gaps, and proposes directions for future research that will be useful for both researchers and practitioners.

Hydrological processes can be highly influenced by changes in land use land cover (LULC), which can make hydrological modelling also very sensitive to land cover characterization. Therefore, obtaining up-to-date LULC data is a crucial process in hydrological modelling, and as such, different sources of LULC data raises questions on their quality and applicability. This is especially true with new data sources, such as citizen science-based land cover maps. Therefore, this research aims to explore the influence of LULC data sources on hydrological models via their parameterization and by performing sensitivity analyses. Kiffissos catchment, in Greece, a poorly gauged and highly urbanized basin including the city of Athens, is the case study area. In total, 12 continuous hydrological models were developed by mainly varying their structure and parametrization (lumped and gridded) and using three LULC datasets: coordination of information on the environment (CORINE), Urban Atlas and Scent (citizen-based). It was found that excess precipitation is negligibly contributed to by soil saturation and is dominated by the runoff over impervious areas. Therefore, imperviousness was the main parameter influencing both sensitivity to land cover and parameterization. Lastly, although the parametrization as lumped and gridded models affected the representation of hydrological processes in pervious areas, it was not relevant in terms of excess precipitation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the adoption of telemedicine and digital health technologies, revealing their immense potential in managing cancer patients effectively. This article explores the impact of recent technological developments and widened consumer perspectives on personalised healthcare and patient awareness, particularly in oncology. Smartphones and wearable devices have become integral to daily life, promoting healthy lifestyles and supporting cancer patients through remote monitoring and health management. The widespread use of these devices presents an unprecedented opportunity to transform clinical trials and patient care by offering convenient and accessible means of collecting health data continuously and non-invasively. However, to fully harness their potential, it is crucial to establish standardised methods for measuring patient metrics to ensure data reliability and validity. This article also addresses the challenges of integrating these technologies into clinical practice, such as cost, patient and professional reluctance, and technological oversaturation. It emphasises the need for continuous innovation, the development of robust digital infrastructures, and the importance of fostering a supportive environment to integrate these advancements permanently. Ultimately, the convergence of technological innovation and personalised healthcare promises to enhance patient outcomes, improve quality of life, and revolutionise cancer management in the post-COVID era.

A series of M(x)CoCeMgAlO mixed oxides with different transition metals (M = Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni) with an M content x = 3 at. %, and another series of Fe(x)CoCeMgAlO mixed oxides with Fe contents x ranging from 1 to 9 at. % with respect to cations, while keeping constant in both cases 40 at. % Co, 10 at. % Ce and Mg/Al atomic ratio of 3 were prepared via thermal decomposition at 750 °C in air of their corresponding layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors obtained by coprecipitation. They were tested in a fixed bed reactor for complete methane oxidation with a gas feed of 1 vol.% methane in air to evaluate their catalytic performance. The physico-structural properties of the mixed oxide samples were investigated with several techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mappings, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction under hydrogen (H2-TPR) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption at −196 °C. XRD analysis revealed in all the samples the presence of Co3O4 crystallites together with periclase-like and CeO2 phases, with no separate M-based oxide phase. All the cations were distributed homogeneously, as suggested by EDX measurements and elemental mappings of the samples. The metal contents, determined by EDX and ICP-OES, were in accordance with the theoretical values set for the catalysts’ preparation. The redox properties studied by H2-TPR, along with the surface composition determined by XPS, provided information to elucidate the catalytic combustion properties of the studied mixed oxide materials. The methane combustion tests showed that all the M-promoted CoCeMgAlO mixed oxides were more active than the M-free counterpart, the highest promoting effect being observed for Fe as the doping transition metal. The Fe(x)CoCeMgAlO mixed oxide sample, with x = 3 at. % Fe displayed the highest catalytic activity for methane combustion with a temperature corresponding to 50% methane conversion, T50, of 489 °C, which is ca. 40 °C lower than that of the unpromoted catalyst. This was attributed to its superior redox properties and lowest activation energy among the studied catalysts, likely due to a Fe–Co–Ce synergistic interaction. In addition, long-term tests of Fe(3)CoCeMgAlO mixed oxide were performed, showing good stability over 60 h on-stream. On the other hand, the addition of water vapors in the feed led to textural and structural changes in the Fe(3)CoCeMgAlO system, affecting its catalytic performance in methane complete oxidation. At the same time, the catalyst showed relatively good recovery of its catalytic activity as soon as the water vapors were removed from the feed.

With its decentralized, immutable, and consensus-based validation features, blockchain technology has grown from early financial applications to a variety of different sectors. This paper aims to outline various applications of the blockchain, and systematically identify general challenges and key threats regarding its adoption. The challenges are organized into even broader groups, to allow a clear overview and identification of interconnected issues. Potential solutions are introduced into the discussion, addressing their possible ways of mitigating these challenges and their forward-looking effects in fostering the adoption of blockchain technology. The paper also highlights some potential directions for future research that may overcome these challenges to unlock further applications. More generally, the article attempts to describe the potential transformational implications of blockchain technology, through the manner in which it may contribute to the advancement of a diversity of industries.

Background: Acromegaly is a rare disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) secreted from a pituitary tumor. High levels of GH and insulin growth factor-1 can lead to renal hypertrophy, as well as to diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which negatively impact kidney function. It is believed that high GH may also be involved in the onset of diabetic nephropathy, the main cause of end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. Material and methods: This case–control study was conducted on 23 acromegalic patients and on a control group represented by 21 healthy subjects. The following parameters were determined for all the subjects: serum creatinine, serum urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), nephrin and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). Results: Patients with acromegaly showed higher levels of UACR and lower levels of eGFR as compared to healthy subjects. No significant correlations were found between clinical or biochemical parameters associated with acromegaly and nephrin or KIM-1. Conclusions: There was no glomerular or proximal tubular damage at the time of the study, as proven by the normal levels of the biomarkers nephrin and KIM-1. Studies including more patients with uncontrolled disease are needed to clarify the utility of nephrin and KIM-1 for the detection of early kidney involvement in acromegalic patients.

Mounting climate concerns are making energy transition inevitable. Providing a reliable, cost-effective energy supply that meets the needs of all, as set up by Sustainable Development Goal 7, and promotes climate neutrality, as set up by the European Green Deal, is a complex task that requires complex and combined interventions in various sectors and policy areas. This paper aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the scholarly work focusing on energy transition towards renewables and to contribute to the existing knowledge by offering a holistic perspective on the dynamic landscape of energy transformation and the transition to renewables. To this end, advanced bibliometric techniques, combined with a systematic in-depth review of the existing literature and desk research, are used to uncover the intellectual landscape and identify influential works and emerging themes within this critical intersection of the economic, governance, political, social, and climate dimensions of energy transition. This analysis not only highlights prevailing trends and influential works but also sets the stage for future research and discussions critical to shaping the transition to renewable energy and policy actions in a rapidly evolving world. The results are useful guidance in the formulation of policy actions.

This study investigated the phytochemical characteristics, antibacterial activity, and synergistic potential of essential oils derived from Romanian lavender. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that linalool is the main compound in all lavender essential oils, with concentrations ranging from 29.410% to 35.769%. Linalyl acetate was found in similar concentrations to linalool. Other significant compounds included 1,8-cineole (8.50%), lavandulyl acetate (5.38%), trans-β-ocimene (6.90%), and camphor (7.7%). A 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used to assess antioxidant capacity, with substantial free-radical-scavenging activity shown in the IC50 values determined. The antibacterial efficacy of the oils was higher against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria, with variations in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the extent of inhibition, and evolution patterns. The study also explored the oils’ ability to enhance the efficacy of ampicillin, revealing synergistic interactions expressed as fractional inhibitory concentration indices. In silico protein–ligand docking studies used twenty-one compounds identified by GC-MS with bacterial protein targets, showing notable binding interactions with SasG (−6.3 kcal/mol to −4.6 kcal/mol) and KAS III (−6.2 kcal/mol to −4.9 kcal/mol). Overall, the results indicate that Romanian lavender essential oils possess potent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and their synergistic interaction with ampicillin has potential for enhancing antibiotic therapies.

This study explores the antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin-functionalized bioceramic implants. We synthesized hydroxyapatite-ciprofloxacin (HACPXCS) composites and applied them to titanium substrates (Ti-HA-CPX), evaluating their performance in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while cytotoxicity was tested using mesenchymal stem cells. The results demonstrated that Ti-HA-CPX exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 33.5 mm (MIC 0.5 µg/mL) for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and 27.5 mm (MIC 0.25 µg/mL) for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). However, Ti-HA-CPX showed moderate cytotoxicity (80% cell viability). HACPXCS composites, whether chemically synthesized or mechanically mixed (HACPXMM), also displayed significant antibacterial activity, but with cytotoxicity ranging from low to moderate levels. Molecular docking studies confirmed strong binding affinities between ciprofloxacin and bacterial proteins, correlating with enhanced antibacterial efficacy. These findings suggest that Ti-HA-CPX composites offer a promising approach for single-stage surgical interventions in treating chronic osteomyelitis and infected fractures, balancing antibacterial effectiveness with manageable cytotoxicity.

The present communication reports on the effect of the sprayed solution volume variation (as a thickness variation element) on the detailed Raman spectroscopy for WO3 thin films with different thicknesses grown from precursor solutions with two different concentrations. Walls-like structured monoclinic WO3 thin films were obtained by the spray deposition method for further integration in gas sensors. A detailed analysis of the two series of samples shows that the increase in thickness strongly affects the films’ morphology, while their crystalline structure is only slightly affected. The Raman analysis contributes to refining the structural feature clarifications. It was observed that, for 0.05 M precursor concentration series, thinner films (lower volume) show less intense peaks, indicating more defects and lower crystallinity, while thicker films (higher volume) exhibit sharper and more intense peaks, suggesting improved crystallinity and structural order. For higher precursor concentration 0.1 M series, films at higher precursor concentrations show overall more intense and sharper peaks across all thicknesses, indicating higher crystallinity and fewer defects. Differences in peak intensity and presence reflect variations in film morphology and structural properties due to increased precursor concentration. Further studies are ongoing.

The study evaluates the osteointegration of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hydroxyapatite-titanium (HApTi) biocomposites implanted in the femurs of rabbits. The biocomposites were fabricated using powder metallurgy and subjected to a two-step sintering process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze the morphology, while mesenchymal stem cells were cultured to assess cytotoxicity and proliferation. In vivo experiments involved the implantation of HAp in the left femur and HApTi in the right femur of twenty New Zealand white rabbits. Computed tomography (CT) scans, histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to assess bone density and osteoblast activity. Results demonstrated that HApTi implants showed superior osteointegration, with higher peri-implant bone density and increased osteoblast count compared to HAp implants. This study concluded that HApTi biocomposites have potential for enhanced bone healing and stability in orthopedic applications.

Tree species with high ecological plasticity are recommended for use in urban green infrastructures. This study explores the genetic diversity of Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphyllos, and Tilia argentea, highlighting their contribution to urban landscapes. In this respect, the genetic variability of individuals from four populations of the Tilia genus has been analyzed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular markers, and some of their phenotypic characters were naked-eyed observed or determined by dendrometric measurements. Significant variability between the populations studied was determined. Cluster analysis identified two main groups: Tilia cordata I and Tilia cordata II populations formed the first cluster, and Tilia platyphyllos and Tilia argentea populations formed the second cluster. The results of the phenotypic analysis confirmed the genetic results separating the two populations of Tilia cordata from the populations of Tilia platyphyllos and Tilia argentea in relation to their visible morphological characters. Results obtained from dendrometric measurements analysis represent the foundation for further investigations on urban ecology. An essential potential practical use of the results: the establishment of more efficient ISSR primers to identify the Tilia species analyzed: UBC864, A12, UBC840, and A7 for Tilia cordata, A13 for Tilia platyphyllos and A7 for Tilia argentea has been demonstrated.

In Europe, it is estimated that 14% of existing buildings were built before 1919, whereas 26% were built before 1945. In Romania, about 31% of the buildings date from before 1961, contributing to the current stock of old buildings with historic and architectural value in the country. This paper illustrates the current state of buildings with historic and architectural value in Romania, alongside a case study of a representative administrative building in Câmpulung, Romania. The analysis of the Town Hall building in Câmpulung, Romania, demonstrates that potential energy savings of up to 47.53% can be achieved by implementing interventions such as upgrading windows, insulating the attic, and installing photovoltaic panels. The highest energy reduction is obtained by replacing the window glass with a value of 18.16% with attic insulation with a value of 16.1%. This paper also presents indoor measurements of temperature and humidity in different offices positioned in the north and the south. The study conducted on the south façade office revealed consistent temperatures ranging from 21.7 °C to 24.4 °C, with an average of 23.31 °C. However, the humidity levels fluctuated considerably, ranging from 17.1% to 39.1%, with an average of 26.89%. The sun-exposed section of the building saw relatively stable temperature conditions, but the varying humidity levels could have a detrimental impact on the quality of the indoor atmosphere and potentially decrease the effectiveness of the workforce. By contrast, the north façade office exhibited lower and more fluctuating temperatures, ranging from 19.8 °C to 23.6 °C, with an average of 21.74 °C. Additionally, it had higher and more stable humidity levels, ranging between 19.5% and 41.7%, with an average of 29.83%. A thermographic analysis was performed on the north façade of the Câmpulung Town Hall, utilizing thermal imaging technology to detect areas of heat loss, and thus identifying the energy inefficiency problems of the building’s exterior. The investigation found notable variations in temperature, especially around the windows, where temperatures could be as high as 14.1 °C, highlighting the insufficiency of the building’s antiquated timber-framed windows in preventing energy loss.

The design of the access cavity is an important factor in endodontic treatment for the further evolution of the tooth. The objective of this study was to highlight the most favorable access cavity design (TrussAC, UltraAC, TradAC, CariesAC, ConsAC, RestoAC) based on the stress distribution on virtual models of mandibular molars. To achieve the objectives of the study, four series of virtual models of six molars were made. The first two series of external virtual models were obtained based on the three-dimensional scanning of the molars before the access cavity preparation and after their restoration, to obtain the density of the restorative materials. Internal morphology was added to the next two series of virtual models and after that, materials were added, specific for root canal obturation and coronal restoration. The simulations were performed for two coronary restoration materials, bulk fill composite and amalgam. The results showed, based on the stress maps, that the highest values were recorded for CariesAC and the lowest values for UltraAC. Comparing the two restorative materials, the lowest level of stress, strains, and displacements was highlighted in the case of UltraAC, TradAC, and ConsAC cavities for amalgam. The results obtained in this study should guide doctors towards a conservative attitude with the preservation of as much hard tissue as possible and the differentiated use of restorative materials according to the amount of tissue lost when preparing the access cavity.

Additive manufacturing (AM) has profoundly impacted modern engineering and materials science by enabling unparalleled control over microstructures, customization, and material properties [...]

The application of extended reality (XR) technology in education has been growing for the last two decades. XR offers immersive and interactive visualization experiences that can enhance learning by making it engaging. Recent technological advances have led to the availability of high-quality and affordable XR headsets. These advancements have spurred a wave of research focused on designing, implementing, and validating XR educational interventions. Limited literature focuses on the recent trends of XR within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Thus, this paper presents an umbrella review that explores the exploding field of XR and its transformative potential in STEM education. Using six online databases, the review zoomed in on 17 out of 1972 papers on XR for STEM education, published between 2020 and 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The results highlighted the types of XR technology applied (i.e., virtual reality and augmented reality), the specific STEM disciplines involved, the focus of each study reviewed, and the major findings from recent reviews. Overall, the educational benefits of using XR technology in STEM education are apparent: XR boosts student motivation, facilitates learning engagement, and improves skills, for example. However, using XR in education still has challenges that must be addressed, such as the physical discomfort of the learner wearing the XR headset and technical glitches. Besides revealing trends of using XR in STEM education, this umbrella review encourages reflection on current practices and suggests ways to apply XR to STEM education effectively.

Worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women and is responsible for the highest number of cancer-related deaths among women, with a special clinical behavior and therapy response. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is seen as a highly invasive BC, characterized by a short survival, higher mortality, recurrence, and metastasis when it is compared to the other BC subtypes. The molecular subtyping of TNBC based on mRNA expression levels does not accurately reflect protein expression levels, which impacts targeted therapy effectiveness and prognostic predictions. Most TNBC cases exhibit a high frequency of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair deficiency (HRD) signatures and are associated with a complex genomic profile. Biomarker research in TNBC includes investigating genetic mutations, gene expression patterns, immune system-related markers, and other factors that can provide valuable information for diagnosis, treatment selection, and patient outcomes. Additionally, these biomarkers are often crucial in the development of personalized and precision medicine approaches, where treatments are customized to each patient’s unique characteristics. This ongoing research is essential for improving the management and outcomes of TNBC, which is a challenging and heterogeneous form of breast cancer. The findings of this research have practical implications for refining treatment strategies, particularly in selecting appropriate systemic therapies and integrating traditional treatment modalities like surgery and radiotherapy into comprehensive care plans for TNBC patients.