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It is known that complexes based on natural polysaccharides are able to eliminate bone defects. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to low bone regeneration and a chronic inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of early bone formation in a cavity of critical size in diabetes mellitus in the experiment. The polyelectrolyte complex contains high-molecular ascorbate of chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, heparin, adgelon serum growth factor, sodium alginate and amorphous nanohydroxyapatite (CH–SA–HA). Studies were conducted on five groups of white female Wistar rats: group 1—regeneration of a bone defect in healthy animals under a blood clot; group 2—regeneration of a bone defect under a blood clot in animals with diabetes mellitus; group 3—bone regeneration in animals with diabetes mellitus after filling the bone cavity with a collagen sponge; group 4—filling of a bone defect with a CH–SA–HA construct in healthy animals; group 5—filling of a bone defect with a CH–SA–HA construct in animals with diabetes mellitus. Implantation of the CH–SA–HA construct into bone cavities in type I diabetic rats can accelerate the rate of bone tissue repair. The inclusion of modifying polysaccharides and apatite agents in the construction may be a prospect for further improvement of the properties of implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type I diabetes mellitus is a serious autoimmune condition impacting a large population around the world that need a daily infusion of insulin substitutes to regulate blood glucose levels within healthy limits. The purpose of the study was to design a robust μ -controller based on an uncertain linear-time invariant (LTI) representation of the Hovorka model for glucose–insulin metabolism. The model set was obtained using linearization around an equilibrium point and adding parametric uncertainty to account for the time delay variation between plasma glucose concentration and its subcutaneous measurement. As a result, the robust stability and performance of the closed loop were proved using the structured singular value μ. The performance of the designed controller was also checked with a numerical simulation in connection with the nonlinear model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have linked apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. The aim of this study is to present a systematic review of the available literature investigating whether there is an association between pulpal-periapical pathology and autoimmune disease. The review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. A literature search was performed in five databases. Studies involving patients with pulpal-periapical pathology and autoimmune diseases were included in the review. Based on the PICO model, the research question aimed to assess whether there is an increased risk of developing pulpal-periapical pathology in patients with autoimmune disease. Article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed using an adapted version of the STROBE guidelines. A total of seven studies were included in our review. The types of articles were five case-control and two cross-sectional studies. Periapical pathologies were associated to three autoimmune diseases (diabetes mellitus I, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease). Among the included studies, four show a low risk of bias, while three present a moderate risk. There could be an association between apical periodontitis and autoimmune diseases, although most studies report statistically non-significant associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy is now a recognized treatment option for several types of cancer. However, some cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are subject to immune-related adverse events, including induced diabetes mellitus. The exact role and molecular/genetic action of ICIs in diabetes are still not well understood. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms in a proper fashion would allow better refining of biomarkers that would help diagnose patients at risk of altered immune system homeostasis, but would also hold the potential of new therapeutic options for diabetes. In the present narrative review, we propose to discuss the case of autoimmune diabetes following treatment with ICIs and the role of ICIs in the pathophysiology of diabetes. We also present some scarce available data on interesting potential immune therapies for diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]