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Background and objectives: Due to the regeneration potential of growth factors (GFs) and platelet concentrates (PCs), facial rejuvenation has been a major area of attention in esthetic medicine. The effectiveness and safety of PCs and GFs in promoting face rejuvenation are examined in this systematic review, which is complemented by a case series. GFs are essential for collagen production and dermal matrix remodeling, while PCs, like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), are abundant in bioactive chemicals that promote tissue healing and cellular regeneration. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on human clinical trials published between February 2019 and February 2024 related to PRP and facial esthetics. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Conclusions: The review summarizes the most recent data on patient outcomes, treatment regimens, and possible hazards. The case series that goes with it shows real-world examples of how to improve skin elasticity, texture, and general facial appearance with little negative side effects. These results highlight the potential use of PCs and GFs as minimally invasive procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous preparation used to accelerate regeneration; however, this form of therapy is not always effective. Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), which affects vessel survival, pathological angiogenesis, and muscle development may differentiate the risk and treatment of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET). In this study, we analyzed the influence of VEGFB gene polymorphisms on the effectiveness of LET treatment with PRP. Therapeutic effectiveness was analyzed in 107 patients (132 elbows) using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), specifically the visual analog scale (VAS); quick version of disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score (QDASH); and patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE), for two years (weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 52, and 104). The polymorphisms selected for the study were rs72922019, rs12366035, rs4930152, rs594942, and rs595880, being in strong linkage disequilibrium. Patients with TT (rs72922019), TT (rs12366035), AA (rs4930152), CC (rs594942), and GG (rs595880) genotypes showed better treatment effectiveness. Statistically important differences were shown for rs72922019 VAS (week 2), QDASH (weeks 0–4), and PRTEE (week 2); rs12366035 and rs4930152 VAS (week 2), QDASH (week 2), and PRTEE (weeks 2 and 4); and rs594942 and rs595880 VAS (weeks 2 and 4), QDASH (week 2), and PRTEE (weeks 2, 52, and 104). The studied polymorphisms also showed an association with blood morphological parameters, including mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and eosinophil levels, as well as some comorbidities (heart failure). Genotyping due to patient selection for therapy may be considered for any of the rs72922019, rs12366035, or rs4930152 polymorphisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Platelet Concentrates (PCs) in the contest of Hemorrhagic, Actinic, and Radiation Cystitis, plus Urethral Obstruction or Stenosis. Eligibility criteria: Open article in English or Italian regarding in situ applications of PCs for the selected pathologies. Information sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and ELSEVIER. Risk of bias: High (and discussed). Methods for synthesis of results: Selection of relevant contents, resumed by digital tools, checked by authors and used throughout the manuscript. Included studies: 13 screened articles + 7 personal sources + 37 "extra" articles. Synthesis of results: Pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated substantial symptom relief, mucosal restoration, and improved growth factor levels, reducing recurrence rates and complications. However, preparation protocols and results varied among studies. Limitations of evidence: Frequent low-quality studies with mall sample size, plus heterogeneous experimental setups and nomenclature/preparations. Interpretation: PCs demonstrate promise due to their bioactive components, enhancing tissue repair and reducing inflammation with no significant adverse events. Despite positive outcomes in pre-clinical and clinical studies, variability in preparation protocols and small sample sizes, together with inconsistent results, highlight the need for high-quality research to validate PCs' clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of PRP injections into facial skin and to identify which of the studied blood parameters can affect the effectiveness of the procedure. The research involved 50 women aged 20 to 52 years who received intradermal PRP injections into facial skin. A general examination, complete blood count, and d-dimer, estradiol, and insulin in the blood serum were measured before the procedure, and assessment of the skin's condition using a facial skin analyzer, assessment of midface volume changes using the Midface Volume Deficit Scale, assessment of aesthetic improvement by the doctor and the patient (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, GAIS) before and 1 month after the procedure were conducted for all the subjects involved in the research. According to the GAIS, both from the doctor's and the patients' perspectives, the majority noted some improvement in the skin condition after the procedure; however, according to the skin analyzer data, there were no statistically significant changes. A total of 56% of the patients displayed improvement in the midface volume, and this was observed in patients with a lower blood platelet count (≤259 × 109/L) and a higher level of estradiol (>99 pg/mL) before the procedure. No undesirable effects were detected after the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in various medical and surgical specialties for its regenerative properties, including aesthetics (facial rejuvenation, hair restoration, and skin tightening) and orthopedics (treatment of tendinitis and osteoarthritis). However, the inconsistent literature on PRP's efficacy and safety leads to critical knowledge gaps. This systematic review evaluates quality control measures in PRP preparation and application and explores the regulatory environment governing its clinical use. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, for studies published from January 2020 to April 2024. The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving human participants undergoing PRP treatment for aesthetic or regenerative purposes. Key parameters such as the PRP preparation methods, platelet concentration, and quality control measures were analyzed. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024557669). Results: Out of 75 RCTs involving 5726 patients, the review identified significant variability in PRP preparation methods and application techniques, including differences in centrifugation protocols and platelet concentration levels. A new evidence-based scoring system, the William–Eqram Scoring System for PRP Quality Reporting (WESS-PQR), was proposed to address these inconsistencies. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.79) between proper temperature control during preparation and PRP efficacy. Initial platelet count assessment showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.57) with efficacy. Conclusions: Standardized PRP preparation protocols and robust regulatory frameworks are urgently needed to ensure the safety and efficacy of PRP treatments. The proposed WESS-PQR scoring system can serve as a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers, promoting consistency and reliability in PRP applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Elbow osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of pain and lameness in dogs, often resulting from the developmental disorder elbow dysplasia. Currently, there is no effective treatment or cure for this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of treating dogs with OA with stem cells (SVF, stromal vascular fraction) and blood plasma rich in platelets (PRP) derived from the dog's own fat and blood, respectively. The mixture was administered as a single injection into affected elbows. Nineteen dogs with elbow OA were treated with SVF and PRP. Subjective and objective evaluations were performed before treatment, after six months, and after a minimum of one year. A "Symmetry Squares" graphic presentation of objective gait forces (peak force and impulse) was also used to compare changes in gait over time. The results showed that subjective evaluation of clinical lameness was improved at the six-month follow up evaluation and that the peak force was transferred from the hind limbs to the front limbs in the treated dogs after 12 months. However, the treatment failed to show a general evident effect. Further research should be conducted to evaluate whether SVF and PRP treatment should be recommended for dogs with elbow OA. (1) Background: The aim of the current pilot study was to describe the long-term effects of a single intra-articular injection of autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in dogs with confirmed elbow OA, using orthopedic lameness scoring and kinetic and kinematic gait analysis. For comparison of normal long-term variation of gait over time, a group of healthy control dogs (CDs) was also evaluated. (2) Methods: A prospective longitudinal clinical pilot study investigating 19 client-owned dogs with elbow OA (OADs) treated with SVF and PRP and eight CDs not receiving treatment. The OAD and CD groups were evaluated before and after 6 and at least 12 months following treatment with SVF and PRP (OAD group) and twice with a six-month interval (CD group), respectively, through orthopedic examinations, goniometry, and kinetic and kinematic analyses (seven variables). (3) Results: The OAD had an increase in fore–hind peak force symmetry ≥12 months after treatment (p < 0.05), but no other objective variables changed over time. Orthopedic consensus scores had improved at ≥six months follow-up evaluation (p < 0.05). None of the investigated gait variables had changed at ≥six months follow-up evaluation in the CD group. (4) Conclusions: The current study could not confirm a significant benefit from SVF and PRP treatment in OADs, but future studies should be conducted in order to fully evaluate the potential of the treatment. The improvement seen in fore–hindlimb symmetry may represent an improvement in gait or an incidental finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a common comorbidity in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injection therapy may mitigate KOA. To further clarify potential patient selection for PRP injection therapy, we compared the outcomes in patients with different body mass index (BMI). Methods: A total of 91 patients with mild to moderate KOA were treated with three intra-articular PRP injections at 10 to 14-day intervals. Range of motion (ROM), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were documented before and after the injections at 15 days, 6 months, 12 months, and at the last follow-up. Outcomes were compared between patients with a BMI over 30 kg/m2 (obese, n = 34) and under 30 kg/m2 (non-obese, n = 57). Results: Significant difference during the follow-up was detected in WOMAC score at the last follow-up favouring BMI under 30 group [17.8 ± 18.8 versus 10.5 ± 11.7, p = 0.023]. The odds ratio (OR) in BMI over 30 kg/m2 group for total knee arthroplasty was 3.5 (95% CI 0.3–40.1, p = 0.553), and OR for any arthroplasty was 7.5 (95% CI 0.8–69.8, p = 0.085) compared to non-obese patients. Conclusions: Obese patients benefitted from PRP injections in KOA but there is a minimal difference favouring non-obese patients in symptom alleviation in follow-up stages after 12 months. The risk of arthroplasty is higher for obese KOA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual differences in the response to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy can be observed among patients. The genetic background may be the cause of this variability. The current study focused on the impact of genetic variants on the effectiveness of PRP. The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene on the effectiveness of treating lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) with PRP. The treatment's efficacy was analyzed over time (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 52 and 104 weeks after the PRP injection) on 107 patients using patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) and achievement of a minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Four SNPs of the PDGFRA gene (rs7668190, rs6554164, rs869978 and rs1316926) were genotyped using the TaqMan assay method. Patients with the AA genotypes of the rs7668190 and the rs1316926 polymorphisms, as well as carriers of the T allele of rs6554164 showed greater effectiveness of PRP therapy than carriers of other genotypes. Moreover, the studied SNPs influenced the platelets' parameters both in whole blood and in PRP. These results showed that PDGFRA gene polymorphisms affect the effectiveness of PRP treatment. Genotyping the rs6554164 and the rs1316926 SNPs may be considered for use in individualized patient selection for PRP therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the recent evidence in the clinical application of regenerative medicine, mostly on integumentary systems, we focused our interests on recent bladder regeneration approaches based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) in humans. IC/BPS is a heterogeneous chronic disease with not-well-understood etiology, characterized by suprapubic pain related to bladder filling and urothelium dysfunction, in which the impairment of immunological processes seems to play an important role. The histopathological features of IC include ulceration of the mucosa, edema, denuded urothelium, and increased detection of mast cells and other inflammatory cells. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying this disease is essential for the selection of the right therapeutic approach. In fact, although various therapeutic strategies exist, no efficient therapy for IC/BPS has been discovered yet. This review gives an overview of the clinical and pathological features of IC/BPS, with a particular focus on the molecular pathways involved and a special interest in the ongoing few investigational therapies in IC/BPS, which use new regenerative medicine approaches, and their synergetic combination. Good knowledge of the molecular aspects related to stem cell-, PRP-, and biomaterial-based treatments, as well as the understanding of the molecular mechanism of this pathology, will allow for the selection of the right and best use of regenerative approaches of structures involving connective tissue and epithelia, as well as in other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patellar tendinopathy is a frequent overuse injury in sports that can cause significant pain and disability. It requires evidence-based guidelines on effective prevention and management. However, optimal treatments remain uncertain. We aimed to analyze available meta-analyses to summarize treatment recommendations, compare therapeutic modalities, examine included trials, and offer methodological suggestions to improve future systematic reviews. Meta-analyses were systematically searched for in PubMed (PROSPERO: CRD42023457963). A total of 21 meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR-2 scale assessed study quality, which was low, with only 23.8% of the meta-analyses being of moderate quality, and none were considered to be of high quality. Heterogeneous outcomes are reported. Multiple platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections appear superior to eccentric exercises and provide lasting improvements compared to eccentric exercises when conservative treatments fail. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) also seems superior to non-operative options and similar to surgery for patellar tendinopathy in the long term. However, evidence for eccentric exercise efficacy remains unclear due to inconclusive findings. Preliminary findings also emerged for genetic risk factors and diagnostic methods but require further confirmation. This review reveals a lack of high-quality evidence on optimal patellar tendinopathy treatments. While PRP and ESWT show promise, limitations persist. Further rigorous meta-analyses and trials are needed to strengthen the evidence base and guide clinical practice. Methodological enhancements are proposed to improve future meta-analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain in the attachment of the plantar fascia in the calcaneus represents 10% of all sports injuries, affects 10% of foot runners, and will affect around 20% of the world population. There is no effective conservative treatment for it. This paper justifies a new definition and name for this pathology, Plantar Fascia Syndrome (PFS), presents a methodology for its diagnosis, and presents the clinical and functional effectiveness of a new conservative treatment based on platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In total, 25 patients (from an initial sample of 260) diagnosed with recalcitrant PFS lasting for more than 12 months were treated with a single infiltration of 2 mL of PRP, according to a new technic proposed. The study was approved by the ethical committee for clinical research of the reference hospital. The patients were controlled after 15, 30, 90, and 180 days, reviewing on each occasion pain, thickness of the plantar fascia, and active extension of the ankle joint. A total of 15 days after infiltration, 85% of patients had no clinical signs requiring treatment. After 90 days of infiltration, no patients showed clinical signs. This improvement in the patients' condition lasted for 180 days. All patients after treatment can fully resume normal activity with no pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: During IVF (in vitro fertilization) procedures, endometrial thickness has a significant role in the success of pregnancy outcomes for embryo transfers. Endometrial thickness, a crucial component of endometrial receptivity, is a contentious issue. The regenerative properties of PRP have been shown in recent research to have positive effects on the endometrium. PRP increases the pregnancy rate in IVF patients with thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of PRP therapies, this work compares the administration of injectable and infusible PRP during endometrial preparation. (2) Methods: This prospective single-arm control study was conducted at an IVF center in Oradea, Romania. This study included 50 patients; 27 were included in the group with Injectable PRP and 23 in the group with Infusible PRP. The outcome was compared between the two groups, with the primary outcome being the endometrial thickness after the PRP infusion or injection and the secondary outcome being the pregnancy rate in both groups. (3) Results: Patients who were treated with Injectable PRP had a higher pregnancy rate. An improvement in the quality of the endometrium, in terms of thickness, was also observed in the patients who were injected with PRP. (4) Conclusions: Compared to PRP infusions inside the uterus, sub-endometrial PRP injections in frozen embryo transfer methods have a greater pregnancy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Platelet concentrates have become increasingly popular in both animal and human medicine. These concentrates mainly consist of higher-than-normal levels of platelets and therefore contain a high concentration of growth factors which are stored within platelet α-granules. One specific type of platelet concentrate, known as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), is notable for its low-density fibrin. Recent research has focused on how PCs can benefit cattle, and PRP has shown promise in treating various reproductive issues, assisting in the production of bovine embryos, and addressing problems like sole ulcers and udder diseases. In this report, we aim to review the existing literature on the use of PRP in bovine veterinary practice. We followed strict guidelines to identify relevant studies. After searching extensively through databases, we found a total of 1196 papers, but only six met our criteria for inclusion. Out of these six papers, two discussed the use of PRP for mastitis, two for uterine dysfunction, and two for ovarian dysfunction in cattle. PRP emerged as a cost-effective and readily available treatment option, showing positive results in these cases. However, due to the diversity of conditions and definitions involved, more research is needed to fully understand its potential in clinical practice for cattle. Platelet concentrates (PCs) have become widely used in veterinary and human medicine. The PCs consist mainly of supraphysiological concentrations of platelets and, therefore, growth factors (GFs) which are stored within platelet α-granules. Among PCs, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is characterised by low-density fibrin. Research on the effect of PCs in cattle has surged in recent years; in particular, evidence has shown the positive use of PRP for treating reproductive problems, in vitro production of bovine embryos, sole ulcers and udder diseases. The aim of this report is to critically review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the available literature reporting clinical application in the bovine practice of PRP. Three bibliographic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were used for a broad search of "platelet concentrates" OR "PRP" OR "platelet-rich plasma" OR "PRF" OR "platelet-rich fibrin" AND "cows" OR "cattle". From 1196 papers, only six met the inclusion criteria. Two papers described the use of PRP in mastitis, two papers in uterine dysfunction and two papers in ovarian dysfunction. PRP offered a low-cost, easily obtained therapeutic option and showed positive results for these patients. However, given the different pathologies and definitions involved, further studies are necessary to assess its full clinical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mostly localized in the genital area, characterized by vulvar alterations that can severely impact a patient's quality of life. Current treatment modalities often provide incomplete relief, and there is a need for innovative approaches to manage this condition effectively. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as potential regenerative therapies for LS, offering promising results in clinical practice. This comprehensive review explores the utilization of PRP and ADSC therapy in the treatment of genital LS, highlighting their mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and clinical outcomes. PRP is a blood product enriched in growth factors and cytokines, which promotes tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. ADSC regenerative potential relies not only in their plasticity but also in the secretion of trophic factors, and modulation of the local immune response. Numerous studies have reported the safety of PRP and ADSC therapy for genital LS. Adverse events are minimal and typically involve mild, self-limiting symptoms, such as transient pain and swelling at the injection site. Long-term safety data are encouraging, with no significant concerns identified in the literature. PRP and ADSC therapy have demonstrated significant improvements in LS-related symptoms, including itching, burning, dyspareunia, and sexual function. Additionally, these therapies enable many patients to discontinue the routine use of topical corticosteroids. Several studies have explored the efficacy of combining PRP and ADSC therapy for LS. In combination, PRP and ADSCs seem to offer a synergistic approach to address the complex pathophysiology of LS, particularly in the early stages. The use of PRP and ADSC therapy for genital lichen sclerosus represents a promising and safe treatment modality. These regenerative approaches have shown significant improvements in LS-related symptoms, tissue trophism, and histological features. Combination therapy, which harnesses the synergistic effects of PRP and ADSCs, is emerging as a preferred option, especially in early-stage LS cases. Further research, including randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up, is warranted to elucidate the full potential and mechanisms of PRP and ADSC therapy in the management of genital LS. These regenerative approaches hold great promise in enhancing the quality of life of individuals suffering from this challenging condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have demonstrated that people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (associated with IAPP peptide aggregation) show an increased incidence of Alzheimer's disease (associated with Aβ aggregation), but the mechanism responsible for this correlation is presently unknown. Here, we applied a yeast-based model to study the interactions of IAPP with PrP (associated with TSEs) and with the Aβ42 peptide. We demonstrated that fluorescently tagged IAPP forms detergent-resistant aggregates in yeast cells. Using the FRET approach, we showed that IAPP and Aβ aggregates co-localize and physically interact in yeast cells. We also showed that this interaction is specific and that there is no interaction between IAPP and PrP in the yeast system. Our data confirmed a direct physical interaction between IAPP and Aβ42 aggregates in a living cell. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that this interaction may play a crucial role in seeding Aβ42 aggregation in T2DM patients, thereby promoting the development of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accidental soft tissue injuries are a frequent injury. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an interesting therapeutic option for wounds and skin damage. In this case report, we describe a 37-year-old man that presented to our ward of pain medicine for an accidental severe leg injury associated with skin and soft tissue loss, with severe pain and poor sensation. History revealed the use of recreational drugs without viral infections or systemic diseases. Wound debridement, wound dressings, systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin 1000 mg tid and azithromycin 500 mg od), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen 600 mg bid) reduced pain but did not improve the skin and soft tissue. A fibrin membrane with concentrated growth factors was applied, yielding an improvement in the injury in 16 months without the need for skin grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma injections have been shown to have many useful applications in various musculoskeletal pathologies. Research on the use of PRP for intrasubstance partial-thickness rotator cuff tears is lacking, although these tears have unique properties that may increase the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injections. Patients with MRI-confirmed high-grade intrasubstance partial-thickness rotator cuff tears, that had failed traditional non-operative treatment, were offered either surgical repair (Group 1) or a single ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injection into the tear site (Group 2). Patients were followed at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and a minimum of 2 years post-injection with ASES scores. A total of 25 patients received platelet-rich plasma injections, compared to 20 patients who had rotator cuff repair for intrasubstance tears in the last 3 years. The mean pre-injection ASES score for the platelet-rich plasma group was 53.2 and this improved to 92.9 at a minimum 2-year follow-up. The average convalescence period following platelet-rich plasma injection was 3.3 months. The average post-operative convalescence period for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was 4.6 months. Both surgical repair and platelet-rich plasma injection into the tear site are equally effective in the treatment of high-grade intrasubstance partial-thickness rotator cuff tears, while platelet-rich plasma provides significantly shorter recovery time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained increasing interest in recent decades. The platelet secretome contains a multitude of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and other biological biomolecules. In recent years, developments in the field of platelets have led to new insights, and attention has been focused on the platelets' released extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their role in intercellular communication. In this context, the aim of this review was to compile the current evidence on PRP-derived extracellular vesicles to identify the advantages and limitations fortheir use in the upcoming clinical applications. A total of 172 articles were identified during the systematic literature search through two databases (PubMed and Web of Science). Twenty publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. According to the results, the use of PRP-EVs in the clinic is an emerging field of great interest that represents a promising therapeutic option, as their efficacy has been demonstrated in the majority of fields of applications included in this review. However, the lack of standardization along the procedures in both the field of PRP and the EVs makes it extremely challenging to compare results among studies. Establishing standardized conditions to ensure optimized and detailed protocols and define parameters such as the dose or the EV origin is therefore urgent. Further studies to elucidate the real contribution of EVs to PRP in terms of composition and functionality should also be performed. Nevertheless, research on the field provides promising results and a novel basis to deal with the regenerative medicine and drug delivery fields in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is the most prevailing tool for soft tissue regeneration in clinics, although efficiency is limited to unpredictable volume resorption due to poor vascularization and eventual necrosis. This study sought to improve the AFG efficiency using a hydrogel as a carrier for human fat graft (F) with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP is clinically well known for the local release of several endogenous growth factors and has been in clinical use already. A human-fat-graft-encapsulated pectin–alginate hydrogel (FG) was developed and characterized. PRP was added to F to develop a human fat graft with PRP (FP). FP was admixed with a pectin–alginate hydrogel to develop FGP. FG and FGP showed the smooth injectable, elastic, and shear-thinning properties. FG and FGP groups showed enhanced cell viability and proliferation compared to the control F in vitro. We also investigated the in vivo angiogenesis and neo-adipogenesis ability of F, FG, FGP, and FP in nude mice after subcutaneous injection. After 2 and 4 weeks, an MRI of the mice was conducted, followed by graft explantation. The explanted grafts were also assessed histologically and with immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies. MRI and histology results revealed better vascularity of the FG and FGP system compared to fat graft alone. Further, the IHC studies, CD 31, and perilipin staining also revealed better vasculature and adipogenesis of FG and FGP systems. These results indicate the enhanced angiogenesis and adipogenesis of FG and FGP. Thus, developed pectin–alginate hydrogel-based fat graft systems FG and FGP replenish the native microenvironment by mediating angiogenesis and adipogenesis, thereby maximizing the clinical outcomes of autologous fat grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No major breakthroughs have entered mainstream clinical fertility practice since egg donation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection decades ago, and oocyte deficits secondary to advanced age continue as the main manifestation of diminished ovarian reserve. In the meantime, several unproven IVF 'accessories' have emerged including so-called ovarian rejuvenation which entails placing fresh autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) directly into ovarian tissue. Among cellular responses attributed to this intervention are reduced oxidative stress, slowed apoptosis and improved metabolism. Besides having an impact on the existing follicle pool, platelet growth factors might also facilitate de novo oocyte recruitment by specified gene upregulation targeting uncommitted ovarian stem cells. Given that disordered activity at the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to exacerbate or accelerate ovarian aging, PRP-discharged plasma cytokines combined with mTOR suppression by pulsed/cyclic rapamycin represents a novel fusion technique to enhance ovarian function. While beneficial effects have already been observed experimentally in oocytes and embryos with mTOR inhibition alone, this proposal is the first to discuss intraovarian platelet cytokines followed by low-dose, phased rapamycin. For refractory cases, this investigational, tailored approach could amplify or sustain ovarian capacity sufficient to permit retrieval of competent oocytes via distinct but complementary pathways—thus reducing dependency on oocyte donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current review aims to provide an overview of the most recent research on the potentials of concentrated growth factors used in the maxillary sinus lift technique. Materials and methods: "PRP", "PRF", "L-PRF", "CGF", "oral surgery", "sticky bone", "sinus lift" were the search terms utilized in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed, with the Boolean operator "AND" and "OR". Results: Of these 1534 studies, 22 publications were included for this review. Discussion: The autologous growth factors released from platelet concentrates can help to promote bone remodeling and cell proliferation, and the application of platelet concentrates appears to reduce the amount of autologous bone required during regenerative surgery. Many authors agree that growth factors considerably enhance early vascularization in bone grafts and have a significantly positive pro-angiogenic influence in vivo when combined with alloplastic and xenogeneic materials, reducing inflammation and postoperative pain and stimulating the regeneration of injured tissues and accelerating their healing. Conclusions: Even if further studies are still needed, the use of autologous platelet concentrates can improve clinical results where a large elevation of the sinus is needed by improving bone height, thickness and vascularization of surgical sites, and post-operative healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of partial rotator cuff tears (PRCTs) is high in the general population. Our hypothesis is that barbotage, when associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), is an effective method for healing these tears. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of barbotage with or without PRP on the healing of partial supraspinatus tendon tears (PSTTs). This study assessed the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index score and ultrasound (US) images at 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment. Patients in both groups showed clinical improvement, with no significant difference in scores at 6 weeks. However, at 6 months, the PRP group exhibited significant improvement (p = 0.019). Both groups experienced a reduction in ST tear size, but the PRP group demonstrated a significant enhancement at 6 weeks and 6 months. In conclusion, the US-guided barbotage technique, whether associated with PRP or saline solution, proved to be an effective treatment for clinical improvement and reduction in the size of PSTT. Better clinical improvement results were observed with PRP at 6 months. The combination of PRP with barbotage was superior in reducing the size of the ST tear at both 6 weeks and 6 months, resulting in complete healing in 79.3% of the tears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an 'orthobiologic' with recognized roles in plastic surgery, musculoskeletal disorders, dentistry, dermatology, and more recently, 'ovarian rejuvenation'. Intraovarian PRP involves a complex secretome discharged after platelet activation, comprising multiple cytokine mediators delivered surgically to older or inactive ovarian tissue. Loss of oocyte meiotic fidelity and impaired fertilization accompanying advanced maternal age are already managed by IVF, but only with eggs provided by younger donors. However, if the observed effect of rectifying embryo ploidy error can be proven beyond case reports and small series, activated PRP (or its condensed plasma cytokines) would deliver a welcome therapeutic disruption that is difficult to overstate. Because shortcomings in ovarian function are presently addressed mainly by pharmacological approaches (i.e., via recombinant gonadotropins, GnRH analogs, or luteal support), autologous PRP would represent an unusual departure from these interventions. Given the diversity of platelet cargo proteins, the target response of intraovarian PRP is probably not confined to oocytes or follicles. For example, PRP manipulates signal networks driving improved perfusion, HOX regulation, N-glycan post-translational modification, adjustment of voltage-gated ion channels, telomere stabilization, optimization of SIRT3, and ribosome and mitochondria recovery in older oocytes. While multichannel signals operating on various pathways are not unique to reproductive biology, in intraovarian PRP this feature has received little study and may help explain why its standardization has been difficult. Against this background, our report examines the research themes considered most likely to shape clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localized scleroderma (also known as morphea) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by depressed, fibrotic, and dyschromic cutaneous lesions. It has a significant impact on the patient's daily life due to the unaesthetic evolution of the cutaneous lesions. Morphea is clinically divided into linear, circumscribed (plaque), generalized, pansclerotic, and mixed forms. Linear morphea en coupe de sabre (LM) usually arises in childhood. However, in about 32% of cases, it may arise in adulthood, showing a more aggressive course with also an increased risk of systemic involvement. Methotrexate is the first-line treatment for LM, although systemic steroids, topical agents (corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors), hyaluronic acid injections, and hydroxychloroquine or mycophenolate mofetil are valid therapeutic options. In any case, these treatments are not always effective and sometimes can be associated with important side effects and/or not tolerated by the patients. In this spectrum, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection can be considered a valid and safe alternative since PRP injections in the skin induce the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, thus reducing inflammation and increasing collagen remodeling. Herein, we describe a successful treatment of an adult-onset LM en coupe de sabre with photoactivated low-temperature PRP (Meta Cell Technology Plasma) sessions, showing an important local improvement of the lesion and patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that belongs to a group of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). It is believed that the infectious agent responsible for prion diseases is abnormally folded prion protein (PrPSc), which derives from a normal cellular protein (PrPC), which is a cell surface glycoprotein predominantly expressed in neurons. There are three different types of BSE, the classical BSE (C-type) strain and two atypical strains (H-type and L-type). BSE is primarily a disease of cattle; however, sheep and goats also can be infected with BSE strains and develop a disease clinically and pathogenically indistinguishable from scrapie. Therefore, TSE cases in cattle and small ruminants require discriminatory testing to determine whether the TSE is BSE or scrapie and to discriminate classical BSE from the atypical H- or L-type strains. Many methods have been developed for the detection of BSE and have been reported in numerous studies. Detection of BSE is mainly based on the identification of characteristic lesions or detection of the PrPSc in the brain, often by use of their partial proteinase K resistance properties. The objective of this paper was to summarize the currently available methods, highlight their diagnostic performance, and emphasize the advantages and drawbacks of the application of individual tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become an increasingly popular alternative or additional method in treating androgenic alopecia (AGA). AGA is a multifactorial disease, in which testosterone plays a significant role in influencing hair growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP treatment in AGA affecting men and women. The research was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The effects were measured with a TrichoScan by comparing the initial and final hair density. A significant difference was observed between the areas of the scalp where PRP injections were made and those where saline was administered. Compared to conventional minoxidil 5% topical PRP, PRP is more effective in treating alopecia. A beneficial outcome of combined therapy with PRP and minoxidil 5% was observed. Therefore, PRP is not only an excellent alternative for patients in whom the minoxidil 5% topical monotherapy did not bring the expected effects or who experienced unacceptable side effects, but can also be used as a complementary therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-time results of highly concentrated autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) used as an adjunct in lamellar macular hole (LMH) surgery. Nineteen eyes of nineteen patients with progressive LMH were enrolled in this interventional case series, on which 23/25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed and 0.1 mL of highly concentrated autologous platelet-rich plasma was applied under air tamponade. Posterior vitreous detachment was induced, and the peeling of tractive epiretinal membranes, whenever present, was performed. In cases of phakic lens status, combined surgery was carried out. Postoperatively, all patients were instructed to remain in a supine position for the first two postoperative hours. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, microperimetry, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were carried out preoperatively and at minimum 6 months (in median 12 months) postoperatively. Foveal configuration was postoperatively restored in 19 of 19 patients. Two patients who had not undergone ILM peeling showed a recurring defect at 6-month follow-up. Best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly from 0.29 ± 0.08 to 0.14 ± 0.13 logMAR (p = 0.028, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Microperimetry remained unchanged (23.38 ± 2.53 preoperatively; 23.0 ± 2.49 dB postoperatively; p = 0.67). No patients experienced vision loss after surgery, and no significant intra- or postoperative complications were observed. Using PRP as an adjunct in macular hole surgery significantly improves morphological and functional outcomes. Additionally, it might be an effective prophylaxis to further progression and also the formation of a secondary full-thickness macular hole. The results of this study might contribute to a paradigm shift in macular hole surgery towards early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of our study is to compare the efficacy of PRP, steroids, and autologous blood injection in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Method: A total of 120 patients comprised our study. Three groups of 40 patients each received only one of the following: PRP, steroids, or autologous blood injections. Thereafter, VAS (visual analog scale), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand), and Nirschl scores of those treated were evaluated in the second week, the fourth week, the third month, and the sixth month. Results: The baseline evaluation revealed no significant change in VAS, DASH, and Nirschl scores among the three groups (p > 0.050). At the second week evaluation, patients treated with steroids showed significant improvement compared to patients treated with PRP and autologous blood (p < 0.001). The fourth-week evaluation revealed the VAS, DASH, and Nirschl scores of the patients treated with steroids to have improved more significantly than those of patients treated with PRP and autologous blood (p < 0.001). The third month, when the results of all three groups were compared, revealed similar results (p > 0.050). The sixth-month evaluation, when the results of all three groups were compared, revealed the autologous blood and PRP applications provided significantly better results than the group treated with steroids (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that steroid administration is effective in the short term, while PRP and autologous blood applications are more effective than steroid administration in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone-marrow-mesenchymal-stromal-cells (BMSCs)- and platelet-rich-plasma (PRP)-based therapies have shown potential for treating osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, the combination of these two approaches was proposed, with results that overcame those observed with the separate treatments, indicating a possible role of PRP in ameliorating BMSCs' regenerative properties. Since a molecular fingerprint of BMSCs cultivated in the presence of PRP is missing, the aim of this study was to characterize the secretome in terms of soluble factors and extracellular-vesicle (EV)-embedded miRNAs from the perspective of tissues, pathways, and molecules which frame OA pathology. One hundred and five soluble factors and one hundred eighty-four EV-miRNAs were identified in the PRP-treated BMSCs' secretome, respectively. Several soluble factors were related to the migration of OA-related immune cells, suggesting the capacity of BMSCs to attract lympho-, mono-, and granulocytes and modulate their inflammatory status. Accordingly, several EV-miRNAs had an immunomodulating role at both the single-factor and cell level, together with the ability to target OA-characterizing extracellular-matrix-degrading enzymes and cartilage destruction pathways. Overall, anti-inflammatory and protective signals far exceeded inflammation and destruction cues for cartilage, macrophages, and T cells. This study demonstrates that BMSCs cultivated in the presence of PRP release therapeutic molecules and give molecular ground for the use of this combined and innovative therapy for OA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has great potential in regenerative medicine. In addition to the well-known regenerative potential of secreted growth factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potential key players in the regulation of tissue repair. However, little is known about their therapeutic potential as regenerative agents. In this study, we have identified and subtyped circulating EVs (platelet-, endothelial-, and leukocyte-derived EVs) in the peripheral blood of athletes recovering from recent muscular injuries and undergoing a submaximal strength rehabilitation program. We found a significant increase in circulating platelet-derived EVs at the end of the rehabilitation program. Moreover, EVs from PRP samples were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and analyzed by label-free proteomics. The proteomic analysis of PRP-EVs revealed that 32% of the identified proteins were associated to "defense and immunity", and altogether these proteins were involved in vesicle-mediated transport (GO: 0016192; FDR = 3.132 × 10−19), as well as in wound healing (GO: 0042060; FDR = 4.252 × 10−13) and in the events regulating such a process (GO: 0061041; FDR = 2.812 × 10−12). Altogether, these data suggest that platelet-derived EVs may significantly contribute to the regeneration potential of PRP preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a method of pleurodesis in a rabbit model. Pleurodesis with PRP was compared against the gold-standard use of talc. The secondary evaluation assessed the ideal time for achieving pleurodesis. Materials and Methods: 25 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to three groups, as follows: 12 animals in the first and second groups, as well as one animal with no intervention in the final group, which was used as a control. The talc pleurodesis group (baseline) underwent pleurodesis with sterile talc, which is the gold-standard sclerosing agent used for pleurodesis. The PRP group underwent pleurodesis using autologous PRP. The last group had one rabbit with no intervention. A total of 12 rabbits (n = 6 for the talc pleurodesis group and n = 6 for the PRP group) were sacrificed 3 days (72 h) after the intervention, and 12 rabbits (n = 6 for the talc pleurodesis group and n = 6 for the PRP group) were sacrificed 6 days (144 h) after the intervention. In both the talc and PRP group, FBC and CRP were measured before the intervention and in 3 or 6 days afterwards, respectively. The pleura and the lungs were evaluated histopathologically. Results: Macroscopically, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. In terms of microscopic findings, there were no statistically significant differences in inflammatory reactions provoked in the visceral and parietal pleura between the PRP and talc. In addition, with talc pleurodesis, a foreign-body reaction was observed in about 50% of the cases, which was not observed with PRP. In terms of inflammation between 3 and 6 days, there were no statistically significant differences with PRP, there was only a statistically significant difference between 3 and 6 days regarding the parietal pleura in the talc group. Conclusions: The instillation of autologous PRP in the pleural cavity shows promise in achieving pleurodesis. The efficacy of PRP as a pleurodesis agent should be examined further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: This study aimed to analyze the morphological changes in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with diabetic retinopathy, with a particular focus on the presence or absence of comorbid diabetic macular ischemia (DMI), using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Materials and Methods: Treatment-naïve 25 eyes of 16 patients who received PRP were examined in this retrospective case series. FAZ area, perimeter, and circularity were calculated on a 3 × 3-mm en-face OCTA image before PRP (baseline) and 1 and 3 months after PRP. The patients were divided into two groups according to coexisting DMI, and each group was statistically analyzed. Results: In patients with DMI (9 eyes), FAZ area significantly decreased from the baseline to 3 months after PRP (0.86 ± 0.56 to 0.61 ± 0.31 mm2, p = 0.018), whereas FAZ perimeter and circularity remained unchanged following treatment (p = 0.569 and 0.971, respectively). In patients without DMI (16 eyes), FAZ parameters did not show statistically significant changes across the 3-month follow-up period. Conclusion: PRP significantly reduces FAZ area in patients with DMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are extremely popular in the management of sports injuries in elite athletes. However, data on the use of various administration protocols of PRP are contradictory. The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of muscle injuries in professional soccer players has to be contextualized within the sport-specific rehabilitation program. Despite the questionable role of PRP, a well-structured rehabilitation program is still regarded as the gold standard. We examined the efficacy of various PRP protocols in the management of muscle injuries in professional soccer players in respect to treatment duration and injury recurrence. A retrospective cohort study. Muscle injuries in professional soccer players (n = 79, height 182.1 ± 5.9 cm, weight 76.8 ± 5.8 kg, BMI 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2) from three elite soccer clubs from the Russian Premier League were recorded during the 2018–2019 season. The injuries were graded based on MRI, using the British Athletic Muscle Injury Classification. Treatment protocols included the POLICE regimen, short courses of NSAID administration, and the specific rehabilitation program. The sample group of players were administered PRP injections. The average treatment duration with PRP injection was significantly longer than conventional treatment without PRP, 21.5 ± 15.7 days and 15.3 ± 11.1 days, respectively (p = 0.003). Soccer-specific rehabilitation and obtaining MRI/US before the treatment was associated with significantly reduced injury recurrence rate (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the PRP injection protocol applied to any muscle and the treatment duration in respect of grade 2A–2B muscle injuries. The total duration of treatment of type 2A–2B injuries was 15 days among all players. In the group receiving local injections of PRP, the total duration of treatment was 18 days; in the group without PRP injections, the treatment duration was 14 days. In our study, PRP treatment was associated with longer treatment duration, regardless of which muscle was injured. This may reflect the tendency to use PRP in higher-degree injuries. Soccer-specific rehabilitation significantly reduced the injury recurrence rate when compared to the administration of PRP injections. MRI/US imaging before returning to play was also associated with a lower injury recurrence rate. There was no significant difference between the PRP injection protocol applied to any muscle and the treatment duration in treatment of type 2A–2B muscle injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Differences in response to PRP (platelet-rich plasma) therapy may be linked to the variability of growth factors and their receptor's genes. Considering that, we checked whether the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gene (PDGFRB) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect the effectiveness of PRP therapy in treating tennis elbow patients. Methods: The treatment efficacy was analyzed over time (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 52, and 104 weeks after PRP injection) on 107 patients (132 elbows) using PROMs (patient-reported outcome measures), namely VAS (Visual Analog Scale), QDASH (quick version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) and PRTEE (Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation). Five polymorphisms of the PDGFRB gene (rs4324662, rs758588, rs3828610, rs3756311, and rs3756312) were genotyped. Results: The CC (rs3828610) and GG (rs3756311 and rs3756312) genotypes had a particularly strong impact on the effectiveness of the therapy, as measured by the values of PROMs, both in additive as well as dominant/recessive models. These homozygotes were also characterized by significantly higher values of MPV (mean platelet volume). Conclusions: The PDGFRB gene SNPs affect the effectiveness of PRP therapy in treating tennis elbow patients and it may result from the differentiated metabolic activity of platelets in particular genotype variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the present study is to develop an immunosafe fibrin membrane obtained by plasma rich in growth factors technology (is-mPRGF) with improved mechanical properties that could be applied in patients with inflammatory ocular diseases. Blood was drawn from three healthy donors and centrifuged, and the collected PRGF was activated and distributed into two groups: (i) mPRGF: a PRGF membrane maintained at 37 °C for 30 min; (ii) IS5+30: mPRGF incubated at 37 °C for 5 min and then incubated at 56 °C for 30 min. The content of both membranes was analyzed for several growth factors such as IgE and the complement activation, as well as biological activity on different ocular surface cells. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical characterizations were also evaluated. IS5+30 completely reduced the complement activity and decreased the IgE while preserving the concentration of the main growth factors. IS5+30 induced similar biological activity regarding mPRGF on the different ocular surface cells analyzed. Furthermore, no significant differences in release kinetics or fibrin degradation were observed between both membranes. Summarizing, IS5+30 totally reduces complement activity while preserving the concentration of most growth factors and their biological activity. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical properties of the fibrin membrane are preserved after heat inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No injection treatment has been proven to be effective in wrist osteoarthritis. When conservative measures fail, its management involves invasive surgery. Emergence of biotherapies based on adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) offers promising treatments for chondral degenerative diseases. Microfat (MF) and platelets-rich plasma (PRP) mixture, rich in growth factors and ADSC could be a minimally invasive injectable option in the treatment of wrist osteoarthritis. The aim of this uncontrolled prospective study was to evaluate the safety of a 4 mL autologous MF-PRP intra-articular injection, performed under local anesthesia. The secondary purpose was to describe the clinical and MRI results at 12 months of follow-up. Patients' data collected were: occurrence of adverse effects, Visual analog scale (VAS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH) and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, wrist strength, wrist range of motion and 5-level satisfaction scale. No serious adverse event was recorded. A statistically significant decrease in pain, DASH, PRWE and force was observed at each follow-up. Our preliminary results suggest that intra-articular autologous MF and PRP injection may be a new therapeutic strategy for wrist osteoarthritis resistant to medical symptomatic treatment prior to surgical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinal laser therapy such as panretinal photocoagulation can be associated with complications, including rare cases of choroidal detachment. This report describes high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging after retinal laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) demonstrating choroidal detachment. A series of three sequential patients with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy who were PRP laser naïve were examined with spectral-domain OCT immediately after green solid-state laser or PASCAL® PRP treatment. All three patients demonstrated a significant choroidal detachment immediately after PRP treatment. By one month after PRP, the choroidal detachment resolved spontaneously in all patients. OCT examinations were performed to detect and evaluate the severity and the change of choroidal detachment and thickness measurements were quantified and demonstrated a mean decrease in choroidal thickness of 122 µm (p < 0.05 in all patients). Conventional green solid-state laser and PASCAL® laser both have the risk of developing complications such as choroidal detachment. While the rate of choroidal detachment has been reported to be quite low, this could be due to subclinical, self-limited, choroidal detachments. The risk could be larger than previously reported using modern high-resolution clinical optical imaging such as OCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reconstruction of a chronic proximal hamstring tear is a challenging pathology that posits difficulties to surgeons due to the distal retraction of the hamstring tendon stumps and the entrapment of the sciatic nerve within the scar formed around the torn hamstring tendon. We describe a novel surgical technique using a semitendinosus tendon allograft sutured in a "V inversion" manner, thereby avoiding an excess of tension and length of the new reconstructed hamstring tendons. In addition, and in order to speed up the healing process and avoid new sciatic entrapment, we assisted the surgery with liquid plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) injected intraosseously, intratendinously and within the suture areas, as well as wrapping the sciatic nerve with a PRGF membrane. In conclusion, this novel approach offers mechanical and biological advantages to tackle the large retraction of hamstring stumps and the entrapment of the sciatic nerve within the scar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Autologous platelet concentrates with high growth factor levels are used in many fields of dentistry. In recent years, the critical role of blood-derived materials in bone and soft tissue engineering has become apparent. After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone is exposed to progressive bone resorption, which can lead to difficulties in implant placement. Hence, many studies have demonstrated that APCs have the potential for soft tissue and bone regeneration. Furthermore, no inflammatory reactions occur, and they may be used alone or in combination with bone grafts, promoting bone growth and maturation. Moreover, the released growth factors and the presence of fibrin structures can induce osteogenesis. This review aims to provide information regarding the applications, indications, advantages, and disadvantages of three APC techniques in hard tissue regeneration. Over recent years, the usage of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) has risen in hard tissue regeneration and oral implantology. The purpose of the present review is to offer an overview of the use of three APC techniques in dentistry: platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and concentrated growth factor (CGF). A narrative summary of articles published between January 2011 and April 2022 is provided. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase databases were used to conduct the search. The following keywords were used in the preliminary: "VEGF", "TGF-b1", "PRP", "PRF", "CGF", AND "sinus augmentation" OR "implants" OR "peri-implantitis" OR "socket preservation" OR "MRONJ". A total of 82 articles was finally included. The review then takes into account the application of the three techniques in different areas of treatment—including oral implantology, sinus floor elevation, peri-implantitis, socket preservation, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)—as well as their advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the future intelligent transmission network substation architecture; it identifies the most important design patterns for the purpose of building simplified versions of the communication infrastructure with High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) and Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) configurations, respectively. The network model used for the laboratory tests is detailed, and details regarding the modelling of current-transformer (CT) saturation are given and discussed. Several intentional communications related to equipment or fibre failures are discussed. The laboratory setup for both HSR and PRP is presented. A real-time digital simulator (RTDS) network model is built and the test processes are presented. Some tests are carried out to test the functionality and interoperability with different fault conditions under the future intelligent transmission network substation architectures' HSR-only and PRP-only data network configurations. The results are analysed and discussed, and a future intelligent transmission network substation test platform is successfully implemented in the laboratory. The experimental results can provide valuable information for power utilities and manufacturers to optimise substation architecture and their products under different conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histoplasmosis has been previously diagnosed in animals from Europe. The aim of this study is to review the literature on these reports, to analyze cases diagnosed at our laboratory (2000–2022) and to improve molecular typing of Histoplasma capsulatum directly from tissue to study the molecular epidemiology of Histoplasma capsulatum causing animal infections in Europe. Including 15 cases studied in our laboratory, we identified 39 cases of animal histoplasmosis between 1968 and 2022. They were diagnosed mostly in superficial tissue biopsies from cats and badgers from Central Europe. Using phylogenetic analyses of six partial genes, we were able to classify eight of the etiological agents as belonging to a highly supported lineage within the Eurasian clade. This study confirms the occurrence of autochthonous histoplasmosis in animals in Central Europe and proposes the addition of new loci to the MLST scheme to study the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis using either formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and fresh or cadaveric biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerative medicine, based on the use of autologous tissues and embryonic, stem or differentiated cells, is gaining growing interest. However, their preparation, in a manner compliant with good practices and health regulations, is a technical challenge. The aim of this manuscript is to present the design of reliable CE marked medical devices for the preparation of standardized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and other autologous biologics intended for therapeutic uses. There are numerous PRP isolation processes. Depending on the methodology used, PRP composition varies greatly in terms of platelet concentration, platelet quality, and level of contamination with red and white blood cells. This variability in PRP composition might affect the clinical outcomes. The devices presented here are based on a specific technology, patented all over the world, that allows the precise separation of blood components as a function of their density using thixotropic separator gels in closed systems. This allows the preparation, in an automated manner, of leukocyte poor PRP with a standardized composition. Production of different forms of PRP is a clinical asset to suit various therapeutic needs. Therefore, we are offering solutions to prepare PRP either in liquid or gel form, and PRP combined with hyaluronic acid. These biologics have been successfully used in many different therapeutic domains, resulting in more than 150 published clinical studies. We also developed the CuteCell technology platform for cell culture expansion for further autologous cell therapies. This technology enables the safe and rapid in vitro expansion of cells intended for therapeutic use in good manufacturing practices (GMP) and autologous conditions, using blood-derived products as culture media supplementation. We summarize in this article our 20 years' experience of research and development for the design of PRP devices and, more recently, for PRP combined with hyaluronic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet concentrates (PCs), including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are autologous blood-derived biomaterials containing numerous growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the initial healing effects of PRP gel and PRF on deep corneal wounds. Thirty-three eyes from New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: group 1, lamellar keratectomy (LK); group 2, LK + commercial porcine small intestinal submucosal membrane (SIS); group 3, LK + SIS + PRP gel; and group 4, LK + SIS + PRF. Postoperative clinical and histological findings were observed for eight weeks. Group 1 showed no neovascularization during the observation period, and incompletely recovered with a thin cornea. Group 2 showed active healing through neovascularization, and a thick cornea was regenerated through the sufficient generation of myofibroblasts. Although group 3 showed a healing effect similar to that of group 2, angiogenesis and subsequent vessel regression were promoted, and corneal opacity improved more rapidly. In group 4, angiogenesis was promoted during initial healing; however, the incidence of complications, such as inflammation, was high, and myofibroblasts were hardly generated in the corneal stroma, which adversely affected remodeling. In conclusion, while PRP gel is a safe surgical material for promoting remodeling through vascular healing and myofibroblast production in deep corneal wounds, the use of PRF is not recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Umbilical cord platelet-rich plasma (C-PRP) has more growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules compared with autologous PRP (A-PRP) derived from peripheral blood. The aim of this study was to compare intra-articular C-PRP or A-PRP injections in terms of safety and clinical efficacy for the treatment of patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the results of 100 patients with hip OA treated with three weekly ultrasound-guided injections of either C-PRP or A-PRP. Clinical evaluations were performed before the treatment and after two, six, and twelve months with the HHS, WOMAC, and VAS scores. No major adverse events were recorded. Overall, the improvement was limited with both treatments. Significant improvements in VAS (p = 0.031) and HHS (p = 0.011) were documented at two months for C-PRP. Patients with a low OA grade (Tonnis 1-2) showed a significantly higher HHS improvement with C-PRP than A-PRP at twelve months (p = 0.049). C-PRP injections are safe but offered only a short-term clinical improvement. The comparative analysis did not demonstrate benefits compared with A-PRP in the overall population, but the results are influenced by OA severity, with C-PRP showing more benefits when advanced OA cases were excluded. Further studies are needed to confirm the most suitable indications and potential of this biological injective approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The efficiency and optimal voice rest period following phonosurgery remains debatable. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a safe and cheap alternative to many bioactive agents being studied on animal models, and is already in use in many medical areas. We investigate the short-term effects of PRP and voice rest on voice outcomes following phonosurgery as an alternative to voice rest alone. Materials and Methods: A prospective single-blinded pilot study was conducted. Sixteen patients with a diagnosis of vocal fold cyst and polyps were included, forming equal groups (PRP and voice rest vs. voice rest alone). Voice analysis was carried out on the preoperative day, day three, and week three following surgery. The measured parameters were fundamental frequency (F0), noise–signal ratio (NSR), harmonic poverty (HP), attack alteration (AL), pitch instability (PI), and amplitude instability (AI).VHI(Voice Handicap Index)-30 questionnaires were carried out before surgery and three weeks following surgery to assess the impact of subjective voice change on quality of life. PRP was obtained using commercial kits with separator gel. Results: An average 3.68-fold increase in platelets was obtained with PRP. No side effects were noted after injection. All voice parameters improved on day three and week three following surgery. Statistical significance was noted only in the fundamental frequency of male patients (p = 0.048) in favor of the PRP-voice rest group. In addition, the VHI- 30 questionnaire results between preoperative and postoperative assessments showed statistically significant differences in total VHI score (p = 0.02) as well as the physical (p = 0.05) and emotional (p = 0.02) scale in favor of the PRP-voice rest group. Conclusions: PRP presents short term safety in patients who undergo phonosurgery, although long-term outcomes are unknown. PRP and voice rest are superior to voice rest alone when considering subjective assessment of the voice. When analyzing acoustic parameters, PRP and voice rest are not superior to voice rest alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is nowadays used in the treatment of different types of cutaneous lesions. However, different compositions can influence clinical outcomes. Among them, the inclusion of leukocytes is controversial. High-throughput proteomics techniques were used to analyze the proteins that are differentially expressed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after treatment for 24 h with two PRP types, autologous topical serum (Endoret serum—ES) derived from plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) and leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP). The identified proteins were then classified by both Gene Ontology and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The obtained results show that the compositions of ES and L-PRP differ in such a way that they induce different responses in HDFs. ES-treated HDFs overexpress growth factor-related proteins, leading to protein synthesis, cell proliferation and migration. By contrast, L-PRP treatment induces a response similar to that caused by proinflammatory molecules. These data could explain the contradictory clinical results obtained for the different types of PRP, especially with respect to their leukocyte contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1957, Lionel Penrose built the first man-made self-replicating mechanical device and illustrated its function in a series of machine prototypes, prefiguring our current view of the genesis and the proliferation of amyloid fibrils. He invented and demonstrated, with the help of his son Roger, the concepts that decades later, would become the fundamentals of prion and prion-like neurobiology: nucleation, seeding and conformational templating of monomers, linear polymer elongation, fragmentation, and spread. He published his premonitory discovery in a movie he publicly presented at only two conferences in 1958, a movie we thus reproduce here. By making a 30-year-jump in the early 90's, we evoke the studies performed by Peter Lansbury and his group in which α-Synuclein (α-Syn) was for the first time (i) compared to a prion; (ii) shown to contain a fibrillization-prone domain capable of seeding its own assembly into fibrils; (iii) identified as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), and which, in the early 2000s, (iv) was described by one of us as a protein chameleon. We use these temporally distant breakthroughs to propose that the combination of the chameleon nature of α-Syn with the rigid gear of the Penrose machine is sufficient to account for a phenomenon that is of current interest: the emergence and the spread of a variety of α-Syn fibril strains in α-Synucleinopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high costs and extensive time needed for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects are still major clinical concerns in orthopedic surgery; therefore, researchers continue to look for more cost and time-effective methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of a decellularized omentum scaffold with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of critical-sized bone defects. Wistar albino rats (n = 30) were investigated in five groups. Critical-sized bone defects were formed on bilateral radius shafts. No scaffold, decellularized omentum, omentum with PRP and omentum + mesenchymal stem cells was used in group 1 (control group), 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In addition, omentum with a combination of mesenchymal stem cells +PRP was used in group 5. After 6 weeks, both radiological and histological healing were evaluated comparatively among the groups. After the use of a decellularized omentum scaffold, vitality of new cells was maintained, and new bone formation occurred. When compared to the control group, radiological healing was significantly better (p = 0.047) in the omentum and omentum + PRP-treated groups. Furthermore, histological healing was better in the omentum and omentum + PRP-treated groups than the control group (p = 0.001). The use of a decellularized omentum scaffold is suitable in the healing of critical bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neovascularization is a complex, multistep process that includes the activation of endothelial cells, degradation of the basement membrane surrounding the blood vessel, formation of tip cells, the sprouting, migration and proliferation of endothelial cells into the interstitial space, and then the generation of space in the matrix to allow for the formation of a new, proper lumen of a newly formed blood vessel. Abundant neovascularization can be found in tendinous tissue obtained from asymptomatic athletes or the meniscus early after the injury. The concept of neovascularization in musculoskeletal system disorders seems to be mainly associated with pain and poor clinical outcomes. On the one hand, this phenomenon allows for tissue regeneration, but on the other, it is present during the degeneration process in connective tissue. Establishing the current concept on neovascularization is also needed. A narrative review of the current literature was conducted using databases including Embase, PubMed and Cochrane. This review aims to investigate the exact role of the neovascularization process in tendon and meniscus lesions and its role as a potential target in clinics, specifically in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy. The stabilization of the neovessels required to achieve the healed tissue, together with the standardization of the PRP injections, can offer an alternative future therapeutic approach for the treatment of tendinopathy and meniscal injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]