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Lithium–sulfur batteries offer the potential for significantly higher energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, their progress has been hindered by challenges such as the "shuttle effect" caused by lithium polysulfides and the volume expansion of sulfur during the lithiation process. These limitations have impeded the widespread adoption of lithium–sulfur batteries in various applications. It is urgent to explore the high-performance sulfur host to improve the electrochemical performance of the sulfur electrode. Herein, bimetallic NiFe hydroxide (NiFe-LDH)-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are prepared as the sulfur host materials (NiFe-CNT@S) for loading of sulfur. On the one hand, the crosslinked CNTs can increase the electron conductivity of the sulfur host as well as disperse NiFe-LDHs nanosheets. On the other hand, NiFe-LDHs command the capability of strongly adsorbing lithium polysulfides and also accelerate their conversion, which effectively suppresses the shuttle effect problem in lithium polysulfides. Hence, the electrochemical properties of NiFe-CNT@S exhibit significant enhancements when compared with those of the sulfur-supported pure NiFe-LDHs (NiFe-LDH@S). The initial capacity of NiFe-CNT@S is reported to be 1010 mAh g−1. This value represents the maximum amount of charge that the material can store per gram when it is first synthesized or used in a battery. After undergoing 500 cycles at a rate of 2 C (1 C = 1675 mA g−1), the NiFe-CNT@S composite demonstrates a sustained capacity of 876 mAh g−1. Capacity retention is a measure of how well a battery or electrode material can maintain its capacity over repeated charge–discharge cycles, and a higher retention percentage indicates better durability and stability of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state lithium metal batteries offer superior energy density, longer lifespan, and enhanced safety compared to traditional liquid-electrolyte batteries. Their development has the potential to revolutionize battery technology, including the creation of electric vehicles with extended ranges and smaller more efficient portable devices. The employment of metallic lithium as the negative electrode allows the use of Li-free positive electrode materials, expanding the range of cathode choices and increasing the diversity of solid-state battery design options. In this review, we present recent developments in the configuration of solid-state lithium batteries with conversion-type cathodes, which cannot be paired with conventional graphite or advanced silicon anodes due to the lack of active lithium. Recent advancements in electrode and cell configuration have resulted in significant improvements in solid-state batteries with chalcogen, chalcogenide, and halide cathodes, including improved energy density, better rate capability, longer cycle life, and other notable benefits. To fully leverage the benefits of lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries, high-capacity conversion-type cathodes are necessary. While challenges remain in optimizing the interface between solid-state electrolytes and conversion-type cathodes, this area of research presents significant opportunities for the development of improved battery systems and will require continued efforts to overcome these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new cathode material, FeS2-decorated carbon nanofiber (CNF), is proposed for Li-S batteries. The structure and physicochemical properties of the material have been engineered to enhance the poor cycling stability typically displayed by sulfur composites. The composite material shows a complex architecture with a matrix of CNF hosting the sulfur and core-shell FeS2 nanoparticles acting as a catalyst for a solid phase conversion-type reaction. This cathode delivers high discharge capacities of 864, 798, 689, 595 and 455 mAhg−1 at C/10, C/5, C/2, 1C and 2C, respectively, with a stable capacity retention of 87% at 2C after 300 cycles. FeS2-decorated CNF has been characterised using several techniques, including in-situ battery measurements at the ALBA synchrotron facility and high-throughput microscopy, giving valuable insights into its charge/discharge reaction mechanism. The excellent performance obtained is combined with the use of just low-cost and abundant elements such as iron, sulfur and carbon, which makes this battery highly promising for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel (80Li2S − 20AlI3)·yLiI composite solid electrolytes (y = 5, 10, 15) were prepared by mechannochemical synthesis. XRD results showed that the pattern of 80Li2S − 20AlI3 was similar to that of AlI3, which means that Li2S was dissolved in AlI3 matrix during preparation. This structure was still maintained after LiI addition. The current measured at constant applied DC voltage indicated that (80Li2S − 20AlI3)·yLiI composites are intrinsically pure Li-ion conductors. The ionic conductivity at 25 °C of y = 10 was about 2.3 × 10−4 Scm−1, which was about three times higher than that of y = 0. The conductivity of y = 10 increased 20 times to 2.2 × 10−3 Scm−1 at 70 °C. These values were highest among those observed from Li2S-based materials. It was revealed that Li-ion moves in 80Li2S − 20AlI3 by a hoping mechanism, while the lattice dipoles are the origin of Li-ion movement in (80Li2S − 20AlI3)·yLiI. The polarization measurements using Liǀ90 (80Li2S − 20AlI3)·10LiI ǀLi and LiǀLi6PS5Clǀ90 (80Li2S − 20AlI3)·10LiIǀLi6PS5ClǀLi cells proved that 90 (80Li2S − 20AlI3)·10LiI reacts with Li metal, but it is relatively stable at a low voltage. Sample y = 10 was also employed as a solid electrolyte in the positive electrode of a solid-state Li-S battery to study its stability in the voltage range of the positive electrode. CuS and Li4.4Si were the electrode-active materials. The cell was cycled in CC-CV mode at 1.0 mA cm−2 (CC) with a cut-off voltage of 1.0–2.3 V. The cell delivered a stable capacity of about 400 mAh g−1CuS after 40 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge in lithium sulphur (Li-S) batteries is the shuttling of lithium polysulphides (LiPSs) caused by the rapid LiPSs migration to the anode and the slow reaction kinetics in the chain of LiPSs conversion. In this study, we explore 1T-MoS2 as a cathode host for Li-S batteries by examining the affinity of 1T-MoS2 substrates (pristine 1T-MoS2, defected 1T-MoS2 with one and two S vacancies) toward LiPSs and their electrocatalytic effects. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations are used to determine the adsorption energy of LiPSs to these substrates, the Gibbs free energy profiles for the reaction chain, and the preferred pathways and activation energies for the slow reaction stage from Li2S4 to Li2S. The obtained information highlights the potential benefit of a combination of 1T-MoS2 regions, without or with one and two sulphur vacancies, for an improved Li-S battery performance. The recommendation is implemented in a Li-S battery with areas of pristine 1T-MoS2 and some proportion of one and two S vacancies, exhibiting a capacity of 1190 mAh/g at 0.1C, with 97% capacity retention after 60 cycles in a schedule of different C-rates from 0.1C to 2C and back to 0.1C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the desired components and crystal structure of a transition metal oxide catalyst are selected, architecture is a dominating factor affecting its electrocatalytic performance for applications in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Nano-compounds with a hollow architecture are undoubtedly the ideal catalysts for enhancing cathodic performance for more exposed active sites and shortened path lengths than are other architectures. Additionally, the internal stress in hollow architecture is favorable for further performance enhancement, due to its regulation effects of driving the d-band center of the transition metal in the active sites to migrate toward the Fermi level, which will promote the chemical adsorption and catalytic conversion of the polysulfides (PSs). To this point, we select hierarchical porous dual transition metal oxide CoNiO2 nano-boxes (CoNiO2(B)) as the conceptual model; meanwhile, CoNiO2 nano-flakes (CoNiO2(F)) with identical stoichiometry and crystal structure are also analyzed as a comparison. Li-S batteries based on CoNiO2(B) deliver superior energy storage features, including a reversible discharge capacity of 1232 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C and a stable cycle performance with decay rate of 0.1% each cycle even after 300 cycles at 1 C. This research presents an alternative scheme for booting the performance of Li-S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries are emerging as the next generation of high-density electrochemical energy storage systems because of the ultra-high specific capacity and ultra-low electrochemical potential of the Li metal anode. However, the uneven Li deposition on commercial Cu current collectors result in low Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) and poor cycle life. In this research, we proposed the modification of ZnFx(OH)y on Cu foils to expand the lifespan. As-generated ZnLi alloy and LiF could promote uniform Li nucleation and deposition, thus resulting in an improved Li plating/stripping CE and extended cycle life. The Li-S battery with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathode and Li-ZnFx(OH)y@Cu anode (N/P ratio of 1.5:1) maintains 95% capacity after 60 cycles, proving the feasibility of ZnFx(OH)y@Cu for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer electrolyte based on Nafion-117 membranes in the Li+ form with intercalated 1,3-dioxolane-dimethoxyethane solvent mixtures (DOL-DME) has been obtained. The obtained electrolyte Nafion-Li+-DOL-DME has been characterized by DSC analysis, IR- and impedance spectroscopy. The solvent uptake of membrane in the DOL-DME mixture amounts to 1.9. Nafion-Li+-DOL-DME is characterized by an ionic conductivity ~10−7 S cm−1 at room temperature. The comparative study of the electrochemical properties of Li–S batteries with liquid electrolyte (1M Li(CF3SO2)2N in DOL-DME) with polypropylene film (PP) or Nafion-Li+-DOL-DME and S/C composites with mesoporous carbon as cathode materials has shown that the use of membrane can improve cyclability of the cell. The first-cycle discharge capacities of S/C electrodes in the Li–S battery cells with PP and Nafion-Li+-DOL-DME were 730 and 450 mAh g−1, respectively (0.1 mV s−1). However, the discharge capacity of S/C in the cell with PP reduced significantly after 10 cycles. The Li–S battery with the use of membrane exhibits significantly enhanced cyclability. The discharge capacity of S/C in the cell with Nafion-Li+-DOL-DME amounts to 365 mAh g−1 after 10 cycles and to up to 290 mAh g−1 after 40 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shuttle effect and slow REDOX kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) lead to low sulfur utilization rate, short cycle life, poor rate performance, which hinder the application of Li–S batteries. Herein, the Ni-NiS/NCF heterojunction composite was prepared with multistage pore structure and a large specific surface area, which can effectively capture LiPSs, provide more active sites for catalyzing LiPSs. Moreover, due to the heterojunction structure of Ni-NiS, in which NiS can effectively capture and catalyze lithium polysulfide, and Ni can effectively accelerate the diffusion and charge transfer of lithium ions, the Ni-NiS/NCF heterojunction composite establishes a high ion and electron conduction network, so as to achieve efficient mass and charge transfer capacity. The mutual coordination of uniformly distributed Ni-NiS heterojunctions inhibits the shuttle effect of LiPSs. When the sulfur load is 1.8 mg/cm2, the initial capacity of the cell with Ni-NiS/NCF-coated separator at 1 C is 1109.6 mAh/g, and the final discharge capacity is maintained at 618.0 mAh/g after 300 cycles. At the same time, the reversible specific capacity was maintained at 674.0 mAh/g after 50 cycles even under high sulfur load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-metal batteries have attracted extensive research attention because of their high energy densities. Developing appropriate electrolytes compatible with lithium-metal anodes is of great significance to facilitate their practical application. Currently used electrolytes still face challenges of high production costs and unsatisfactory Coulombic efficiencies of lithium plating/stripping. In this research, we have developed a diluted electrolyte which is compatible with both lithium-metal anode and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathode. It presents a very high Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% over prolonged cycling, and the as-assembled anode-free Li-S battery maintains 71.5% of the initial specific capacity after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. This work could shed light on designing a low-cost and high-performance liquid electrolyte for next-generation high-energy batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separators with high absorbability of polysulfides are essential for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, the aramid fibers coated polyethylene (AF-PE) films are designed by roller coating, the high polarity of AFs can strongly increase the binding force at AF/PE interfaces to guarantee the good stability of the hybrid film. As confirmed by the microscopic analysis, the AF-PE-6 film with the nanoporous structure exhibits the highest air permeability by the optimal coating content of AFs. The high absorbability of polysulfides for AF-PE-6 film can effectively hinder the migration of polysulfides and alleviate the shuttle effect of the Li–S battery. AF-PE-6 cell shows the specific capacity of 661 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. After 200 charge/discharge cycles, the reversible specific capacity is 542 mAh g−1 with the capacitance retention of 82%, implying the excellent stability of AF-PE-6. The enhanced cell performance is attributed to the porous architecture of the aramid layer for trapping the dissolved sulfur-containing species and facilitating the charge transfer, as confirmed by SEM and EDS after 200 cycles. This work provides a facile way to construct the aramid fiber-coated separator for the inhibition of polysulfides in the Li–S battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantages of high energy density and low cost make lithium–sulfur batteries one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the electrical insulativity of sulfur and the serious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) still impedes its further development. In this regard, a uniform hollow mesoporous Ni(OH)2@CNT microsphere was developed to address these issues. The SEM images show the Ni(OH)2 delivers an average size of about 5 μm, which is composed of nanosheets. The designed Ni(OH)2@CNT contains transition metal cations and interlayer anions, featuring the unique 3D spheroidal flower structure, decent porosity, and large surface area, which is highly conducive to conversion systems and electrochemical energy storage. As a result, the as-fabricated Li-S battery delivers the reversible capacity of 652 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles, demonstrating excellent capacity retention with a low average capacity loss of only 0.081% per cycle at 1 C. This work has shown that the Ni(OH)2@CNT sulfur host prepared by hydrothermal embraces delivers strong physical absorption as well as chemical affinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of long lifetime Li-S batteries requires new sulfur-carbon based composite materials that are able to suppress the shuttle effect--namely, The migration of soluble lithium polysulfides from the cathode to the anode of the cell. Graphene is one of the most promising carbon supports for sulfur, thanks to its excellent conductivity and to the possibility of tailoring its chemical-physical properties, introducing heteroatoms in its structure. By using first principle density functional theory simulations, this work aims at studying the effect of doping graphene with group III elements (B, Al, Ga) on its electronic properties and on its chemical affinity towards lithium polysulfides. Our results show that Al and Ga doping strongly modify the local structure of the lattice near heteroatom site and generate a charge transfer between the dopant and its nearest neighbor carbon atoms. This effect makes the substrate more polar and greatly enhances the adsorption energy of polysulfides. Our results suggest that Al- and Ga-doped graphene could be used to prepare cathodes for Li-S cells with improved performances and lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report a two-step synthesis of graphene/sulfur/carbon ternary composite with a multilayer structure. In this composite, ultrathin S layers are uniformly deposited on graphene nanosheets and covered by a thin layer of amorphous carbon derived from β-cyclodextrin on the surface. Such a unique microstructure, not only improves the electrical conductivity of sulfur, but also effectively inhibits the dissolution of polysulfides during charging/discharging processes. As a result, this ternary nanocomposite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. It can deliver a high initial discharge and charge capacity of 1410 mAh⋅g-1 and 1370 mAh⋅g-1, respectively, and a capacity retention of 63.8% can be achieved after 100 cycles at 0.1 C (1 C = 1675 mA⋅g-1). A relatively high specific capacity of 450 mAh⋅g-1 can still be retained after 200 cycles at a high rate of 2 C. The synthesis process introduced here is simple and broadly applicable to the modification of sulfur cathode for better electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Li-S battery is exceptionally appealing as an alternative candidate beyond Li-ion battery technology due to its promising high specific energy capacity. However, several obstacles (e.g., polysulfides' dissolution, shuttle effect, high volume expansion of cathode, etc.) remain and thus hinder the commercialization of the Li-S battery. To overcome these challenges, a fundamental study based on atomistic simulation could be very useful. In this work, a comprehensive investigation of the adsorption of electrolyte (solvent and salt) molecules, lithium sulfide, and polysulfide (Li2Sx with 2 ≤ x ≤ 8) molecules on the amorphous Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) surface was performed using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT results indicate that the amorphous Al2O3 ALD surface is selective in chemical adsorption towards lithium sulfide and polysulfide molecules compared to electrolytes. Based on this work, it suggests that the Al2O3 ALD is a promising coating material for Li-S battery electrodes to mitigate the shuttling problem of soluble polysulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated the efficient coupling of BiFeO3 (BFO) ferroelectric material within the carbon–sulfur (C-S) composite cathode, where polysulfides are trapped in BFO mesh, reducing the polysulfide shuttle impact, and thus resulting in an improved cyclic performance and an increase in capacity in Li-S batteries. Here, the built-in internal field due to BFO enhances polysulfide trapping. The observation of a difference in the diffusion behavior of polysulfides in BFO-coupled composites suggests more efficient trapping in BFO-modified C-S electrodes compared to pristine C-S composite cathodes. The X-ray diffraction results of BFO–C-S composite cathodes show an orthorhombic structure, while Raman spectra substantiate efficient coupling of BFO in C-S composites, in agreement with SEM images, showing the interconnected network of submicron-size sulfur composites. Two plateaus were observed at 1.75 V and 2.1 V in the charge/discharge characteristics of BFO–C-S composite cathodes. The observed capacity of ~1600 mAh g−1 in a 1.5–2.5 V operating window for BFO30-C10-S60 composite cathodes, and the high cyclic stability substantiate the superior performance of the designed cathode materials due to the efficient reduction in the polysulfide shuttle effect in these composite cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-solid-state Li-S batteries (use of solid electrolyte LiBH4) were prepared using cathodes of a homogeneous mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with sulfur (S) and solid electrolyte lithium borohydride (LiBH4), and their electrochemical performance was reported. The use of LiBH4 and its compatibility with Li metal permits the utilization of Li anode that improves the vitality of composite electrodes. The GO-S and rGO-S nanocomposites with different proportions have been synthesized. Their structural and morphological characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results are presented. The electrochemical performance was tested by galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements at a 0.1 C-rate. The results presented here demonstrate the successful implementation of GO-S composites in an all-solid-state battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is considered one of the possible alternatives for next-generation high energy batteries. However, its practical applications are still facing great challenges because of poor electronic conductivity, large volume change, and polysulfides dissolution inducing "shuttle reaction" for the S cathode. Many strategies have been explored to alleviate the aforementioned concerns. The most common approach is to embed S into carbonaceous matrix for constructing C-S composite cathodes. Herein, we fabricate the C-S cathode reduced graphene oxide-S (rGO-S) composites via one step hydrothermal and in-situ thermal reduction methods. The structural features and electrochemical properties in Li-S cells of the two type rGO-S composites are studied systematically. The rGO-S composites prepared by one step hydrothermal method (rGO-S-HT) show relatively better comprehensive performance as compared with the ones by in-situ thermal reduction method (rGO-S-T). For instance, with a current density of 100 mA g−1, the rGO-S-HT composite cathodes possess an initial capacity of 1290 mAh g−1 and simultaneously exhibit stable cycling capability. In particular, as increasing the current density to 1.0 A g−1, the rGO-S-HT cathode retains a reversible capacity of 582 mAh g−1 even after 200 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical properties can be attributed to small S particles uniformly distributed on rGO sheets enabling to significantly improve the conductivity of S and effectively buffer large volume change during lithiation/delithiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur batteries are one of the most promising battery systems nowadays. However, this system is still not suitable for practical application because of the number of shortcomings that limit its cycle life. One of the main problems related to this system is the volumetric change during cycling. This deficiency can be compensated by using the appropriate binder. In this article, we present the influence of a water-soluble binder carrageenan on the electrochemical properties of the Li-S battery. The electrode with a carrageenan binder provides good stability during cycling and at high C-rates. Electrochemical testing was also carried out with a small prototype pouch cell with a capacity of 16 mAh. This prototype pouch cell with the water-based carrageenan binder showed lower self-discharge and low capacity drop. Capacity decreased by 7% after 70 cycles.

The stationary photovoltaic array can be used to charge the different vehicle batteries and, in parallel, be used as a power source for the utility grid or standalone devices placed such as in campers. The main objective of the study was to compare chosen electrical characteristics of two assemblies with each containing the same PV array, boost converter and inverter, and a different battery, such as the Li-S one and the Li-ion one, respectively. Differences occurring during modelling of Li-ion and Li-S batteries were discussed. The model of the chosen photovoltaic array was used during analysis. The models based on electrical equivalent circuits for Li-ion battery and of Li-S battery were utilized during calculations. The models of the boost converter and boost inverter of known topology parameters were utilized during simulations. In the chosen performances (courses of voltages and currents versus time) obtained from the simulation of the sets composed of the Li-S battery cooperating with the boost inverter or the boost converter, only small differences or no differences occurred when compared to the case of the Li-ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is one of the promising energy storage alternatives because of its high theoretical capacity and energy density. Factors governing the stability of polysulfide intermediates in Li-S batteries are complex and are strongly affected by the solvent used. Herein, the polysulfide reduction and the bond cleavage reactions are calculated in different solvent environments by the density functional theory (DFT) methods. We investigate the relationship between the donor numbers (DN) as well as the dielectric constants (ε) of the solvent system and the relative stability of different polysulfide intermediates. Our results show that the polysulfide reduction mechanism is dominated by its tendency to form the ion-pair with Li+ in different organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received enormous interest as a promising energy storage system to compete against limited, non-renewable, energy sources due to their high energy density, sustainability, and low cost. Among the main challenges of this technology, researchers are concentrating on reducing the well-known "shuttle effect" that generates the loss and corrosion of the active material during cycling. To tackle this issue, metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are considered excellent sulfur host materials to be part of the cathode in Li-S batteries, showing efficient confinement of undesirable polysulfides. In this study, MIL-88A, based on iron fumarate, was synthesised by a simple and fast ultrasonic-assisted probe method. Techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms were used to characterise structural, morphological, and textural properties. The synthesis process led to MIL-88A particles with a central prismatic portion and pyramidal terminal portions, which exhibited a dual micro-mesoporous MOF system. The composite MIL-88A@S was prepared, by a typical melt-diffusion method at 155 °C, as a cathodic material for Li-S cells. MIL-88A@S electrodes were tested under several rates, exhibiting stable specific capacity values above 400 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1C = 1675 mA g−1). This polyhedral and porous MIL-88A was found to be an effective cathode material for long cycling in Li-S cells, retaining a reversible capacity above 300 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C for more than 1000 cycles, and exhibiting excellent coulombic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are the most prospective energy storage devices. Nevertheless, the poor conductivity of sulfur and the shuttling phenomenon of polysulfides hinder its application. In this paper, flower-like MoS2/graphene nanocomposite is prepared and deposited on a multi-functional separator to enhance the electrochemical behavior of Li-S batteries. The results demonstrated that the MoS2/graphene-coated separator is contributing to inhibit the shuttling phenomenon of polysulfides and improve the integrity of sulfur electrode. The initial discharge capacity of the battery using MoS2/graphene-coated separator at 0.2 C was up to 1516 mAh g−1. After 100 cycles, a reversible capacity of 880 mAh g−1 and a coulombic efficiency of 98.7% were obtained. The improved electrochemical behavior can be due to the nanostructure and Mo-S bond of the MoS2/graphene composite, which can combine physical shielding and chemisorption to prohibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides. The results prove that the MoS2/graphene-coated separator has the potential for feasible application in Li-S batteries to enhance their electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]