1. Clinical Potential of YY1-Hypoxia Axis for Vascular Normalization and to Improve Immunotherapy.
- Author
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Meo, Concetta and de Nigris, Filomena
- Subjects
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EVALUATION of medical care , *CELLULAR therapy , *PATHOLOGIC neovascularization , *VASCULAR diseases , *COMBINED modality therapy , *VASCULAR endothelial growth factors , *IMMUNOTHERAPY , *HYPOXEMIA - Abstract
Simple Summary: Solid tumors create a hostile hypoxic microenvironment characterized by abnormal vascularization and immune suppression. Target tumor vessels and the activation of immunostimulatory cells have shown promising results in suppressing tumor growth, leading to the development of a variety of strategies. In this review, we dissect the concept of vessel and immune normalization and discuss the YY1-Hypoxia axis as a potential target. Abnormal vasculature in solid tumors causes poor blood perfusion, hypoxia, low pH, and immune evasion. It also shapes the tumor microenvironment and affects response to immunotherapy. The combination of antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to normalize vasculature and unlock the full potential of immunotherapy. However, the unpredictable and redundant mechanisms of vascularization and immune suppression triggered by tumor-specific hypoxic microenvironments indicate that such combination therapies need to be further evaluated to improve patient outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the interplay between tumor angiogenesis and immune modulation and review the function and mechanism of the YY1-HIF axis that regulates the vascular and immune tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of targeting YY1 and other strategies, such as nanocarrier delivery systems and engineered immune cells (CAR-T), to normalize tumor vascularization and re-establish an immune-permissive microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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