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River and lake health assessment (RLHA) is an important approach to alleviating the conflict between protecting river and lake ecosystems and fostering socioeconomic development, aiming for comprehensive protection, governance, and management. Vegetation, a key component of the riparian zone, supports and maintains river and lake health (RLH) by providing a range of ecological functions. While research on riparian zone vegetation is ongoing, these studies have not yet been synthesized from the perspective of integrating RLHA with the ecological functions of riparian zone vegetation. In this paper, based on the bibliometric method, the relevant literature studies on the topics of RLHA and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing of vegetation were screened and counted, and the keywords were highlighted, respectively. Based on the connotation of RLH, this paper categorizes the indicators of RLHA into five aspects: water space: the critical area from the river and lake water body to the land in the riparian zone; water resources: the amount of water in the river and lake; water environment: the quality of water in the river and lake; water ecology:aquatic organisms in the river and lake; and water services:the function of ecosystem services in the river and lake. Based on these five aspects, this paper analyzes the key role of riparian zone vegetation in RLHA. In this paper, the key roles of riparian zone vegetation in RLHA are summarized as follows: stabilizing riverbanks, purifying water quality, regulating water temperature, providing food, replenishing groundwater, providing biological habitats, and beautifying human habitats. This paper analyzes the application of riparian zone vegetation ecological functions in RLH, summarizing the correlation between RLHA indicators and these ecological functions. Moreover, this paper analyzes the advantages of UAV remote sensing technology in the quantitative monitoring of riparian zone vegetation. This analysis is based on the high spatial and temporal resolution characteristics of UAV remote sensing technology and focuses on monitoring the ecological functions of riparian zone vegetation. On this basis, this paper summarizes the content and indicators of UAV quantitative remote sensing monitoring of riparian zone vegetation for RLHA. It covers several aspects: delineation of riparian zone extent, identification of vegetation types and distribution, the influence of vegetation on changes in the river floodplain, vegetation cover, plant diversity, and the impact of vegetation distribution on biological habitat. This paper summarizes the monitoring objects involved in monitoring riparian zones, riparian zone vegetation, river floodplains, and biological habitats, and summarizes the monitoring indicators for each category. Finally, this paper analyzes the challenges of UAV quantitative remote sensing for riparian zone vegetation at the current stage, including the limitations of UAV platforms and sensors, and the complexity of UAV remote sensing data information. This paper envisages the future application prospects of UAV quantitative remote sensing for riparian zone vegetation, including the development of hardware and software such as UAV platforms, sensors, and data technologies, as well as the development of integrated air-to-ground monitoring systems and the construction of UAV quantitative remote sensing platforms tailored to actual management applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular proteins with a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. As a member of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), NLRs sense specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns, trigger numerous signaling pathways and lead to the secretion of various cytokines. In recent years, cumulative studies have revealed the significant impacts of NLRs in gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory diseases and cancers. Deciphering the role and molecular mechanism of the NLR signaling pathways may provide new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies related to GI inflammatory diseases and GI cancers. This review presents the structures and signaling pathways of NLRs, summarizes the recent advances regarding NLR signaling in GI inflammatory diseases and GI cancers and describes comprehensive therapeutic strategies based on this signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Endometrial cancer is a significant and growing health concern worldwide. In this study, researchers aimed to find a safe and practical way of detecting early signs of endometrial cancer, which is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. The researchers designed a panel targeting specific genes related to endometrial cancer and tested it using samples from 38 endometrial cancer patients and 208 women with risk factors. The results showed that the panel performed well, producing high-quality data and detecting genetic mutations with high sensitivity. The best sample type for detecting mutations was endometrial biopsy using the Pipelle aspirator, which had the best consistency with surgical tumor specimens. The findings suggest that this targeted panel sequencing method combined with ultra-deep sequencing is a promising tool for the early detection of endometrial cancer and could have significant clinical implications for patients. Endometrial cancer (EC) is a major gynecological malignancy with rising morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore a safe and readily available sample and a sensitive and effective detection method and its biomarkers for early diagnosis of EC, which is critical for patient prognosis. This study designed a panel targeting variants for EC-related genes, assessed its technical performance by comparing it with whole-exon sequencing, and explored the diagnostic potential of endometrial biopsies using the Pipelle aspirator, cervical samples using the Pap brush, and vaginal specimens using the swab from 38 EC patients and 208 women with risk factors for EC by applying targeted panel sequencing (TPS). TPS produced high-quality data (Q30 > 85% and mapping ratios > 99.35%) and was found to have strong consistency with whole-exome sequencing (WES) in detecting pathogenic mutations (92.11%), calculating homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores (r = 0.65), and assessing the microsatellite instability (MSI) status of EC (100%). The sensitivity of TPS in detection of EC is slightly better than that of WES (86.84% vs. 84.21%). Of the three types of samples detected using TPS, endometrial biopsy using the Pipelle aspirator had the highest sensitivity in detection of pathogenic mutations (81.87%) and the best consistency with surgical tumor specimens in MSI (85.16%). About 84% of EC patients contained pathogenic mutations in PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, ARID1A, CTNNB1, KRAS, and MTOR, suggesting that this small gene set can achieve an excellent pathogenic mutation detection rate in Chinese EC patients. The custom panel combined with ultra-deep sequencing serves as a sensitive method for detecting genetic lesions from endometrial biopsy using the Pipelle aspirator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in Chengdu, which poses a great threat to the economy, social development, production, and people's lives, in this study, we construct an index evaluation system and a system dynamics model for urban seismic resilience based on an analysis of the interaction between earthquake disasters and the urban system. Four types of schemes, namely, the current continuity type, economic development type, government intervention type, and resilience construction type, were designed, and the dynamic evaluation and simulation prediction of Chengdu's seismic resilience capacity under each scheme were conducted. The research results show that, compared with the other three schemes, the resilience construction type has better universality and expansibility in terms of improving Chengdu's seismic resilience. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a certain level of economic development, to attach importance to the construction of monitoring and warning systems, and to strive to improve emergency rescue capabilities and disaster awareness education. The model and evaluation indicators have strong applicability, and the research results can provide a theoretical reference for the evaluation of seismic resilience in Chengdu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using computers to numerically simulate large-scale neuronal networks has become a common method for studying the mechanism of the human brain, and neuroimaging has brought forth multimodal brain data. Determining how to fully consider these multimodal data in the process of brain modeling has become a crucial issue. Data assimilation is an efficient method for combining the dynamic system with the observation data, and many related algorithms have been developed. In this paper, we utilize data assimilation to perform brain state variables estimation, put forward a general form of a diffusion Kalman filter named the deep diffusion Kalman filter, and provide a specific algorithm that is combined with data assimilation. Then, we theoretically demonstrate the deep diffusion Kalman filter's effectiveness and further validate it by using an experiment in the toy model. Finally, according to the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals, we assimilate a cortex networks model with the resting state brain, where the correlation is as high as 98.42%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of climate element distribution models under complex terrain conditions is a popular topic in the field of GIS application in climatology, especially in plateau areas with a complex topography and scarce meteorological station information. In this paper, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of temperature and precipitation at the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau was analyzed by taking the northeastern edge of the plateau as the study area and constructing a topographic spatial statistical model using 47 meteorological stations and digital elevation models from 1981 to 2010. The following conclusions were drawn from the study: (1) The ME of the temperature distribution model for each month is below 0.9 °C; the maximum ME of the precipitation distribution model for each month is −5.808 mm in July, and the precipitation distribution model has similar error characteristics with the temperature distribution model, which can reflect the horizontal zone distribution pattern of meteorological data and can clearly show the changes of temperature and precipitation as the altitude increases. (2) The spatial distribution pattern of temperature is as follows: the temperature in the study area gradually increases from the southwest to the northeast, with Zhouqu County in Linxia Prefecture and Gannan Prefecture as the main high-temperature areas; the spatial distribution of precipitation is as follows: the precipitation in the southwest of the study area is significantly higher than that in the north, and the precipitation in Linxia Prefecture is significantly lower than that in Gannan Prefecture. (3) The temporal distribution pattern of the temperature distribution model is as follows: the overall temperature in the study area is at its lowest level in January, and the maximum temperature is only 2.6 °C, until July, when the maximum temperature rises to 24.2 °C and then gradually starts to decline; the spatial distribution of precipitation is as follows: the precipitation in the study area gradually rises from January, and the maximum precipitation rises to July and then starts to decline, and in December the precipitation falls to the lowest level. The temporal distribution characteristics of the precipitation distribution model are similar to those of the air temperature model, with obvious hydrothermal synchronization characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the composition and structure of coal is the most important and complex basic research in the coal chemistry field. Various methods have been used to study the structure of coal from different perspectives. However, due to the complexity of coal and the limitations of research methods, research on the macromolecular structure of coal still lacks systematicness. Huainan coalfield is located in eastern China and is the largest coal production and processing base in the region. In this study, conventional proximate analysis and ultimate analysis, as well as advanced instrumental analysis methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FITR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 13C-CP/MAS NMR, and other methods (SEM and AFM), were used to analyze the molecular structure of Huainan coal (HNC) and the distribution characteristics of oxygen in different oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs) in an in-depth manner. On the basis of SEM observation, it could be concluded that the high-resolution morphology of HNC's surface contains pores and fractures of different sizes. The loose arrangement pattern of HNC's molecular structure could be seen from 3D AFM images. The XRD patterns show that the condensation degree of HNC's aromatic ring is low, and the orientation degree of carbon network lamellae is poor. The calculated ratio of the diameter of aromatic ring lamellae to their stacking height (La/Lc = 1.05) and the effective stacking number of aromatic nuclei (Nave = 7.3) show that the molecular space structure of HNC is a cube formed of seven stacked aromatic lamellae. The FTIR spectra fitting results reveal that the aliphatic chains in HNC's molecular structure are mainly methyne and methylene. Oxygen is mainly –O–, followed by –C=O, and contains a small amount of –OH, the ratio of which is about 8:1:2. The molar fraction of binding elements has the approximate molecular structure C100H76O9N of organic matter in HNC. The results of the 13C NMR experiments show that the form of aromatic carbon atoms in HNC's structure (the average structural size Xb of aromatic nucleus = 0.16) is mainly naphthalene with a condensation degree of 2, and the rest are aromatic rings composed of benzene rings and heteroatoms. In addition, HNC is relatively rich in ≡CH and –CH2– structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to perform systematical study on the distribution of landslide thrust in pile-anchor support system, which has been a widely applicable treatment method in landslide control with safety, highly efficiency and adaptation. The advantage of photoelastic technique is visualization of strain and stress fields, therefore photoelastic model tests are conducted to show the distribution of landslide thrust in pile-anchor structure before failure in landslide. The effects of different materials and pile lengths are investigated by 6 photoelastic test cases under different loading conditions. It can be found from quantitative analysis of experimental results that load proportion of anchor would increase gradually with the decrease of pile embedded depth or the increase of landslide thrust force. Meanwhile, landslide thrust distribution in pile-anchor structure is directly affected by the stiffness of piles. The pile-anchor structure is significantly better at reducing bending moment value and optimizing bending moment distribution of pile. Finally, some theoretical analysis and design suggestions are proposed based on the experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is a specific form of severe flagellar or ciliary deficiency syndrome. MMAF is characterized by primary infertility with abnormal morphology in the flagella of spermatozoa, presenting with short, absent, bent, coiled, and irregular flagella. As a rare disease first named in 2014, studies in recent years have shed light on the molecular defects of MMAF that comprise the structure and biological function of the sperm flagella. Understanding the molecular genetics of MMAF may provide opportunities for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this rare disease. This review aims to summarize current studies regarding the molecular pathogenesis of MMAF and describe strategies of genetic counseling, clinical diagnosis, and therapy for MMAF.