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In this study, a one-step and facile immobilization of enzymes by self-assembly of zinc ions and adenine in aqueous solution with mild conditions was reported. Enzymes, such as glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), could be efficiently encapsulated in Zn/adenine coordination polymers (CPs) with high loading capacity over 90%. When the enzyme was immobilized by CPs, it displayed high catalytic efficiency, high selectivity and enhanced stability due to the protecting effect of the rigid framework. As a result, the relative activity of Zn/adenine nano-CP-immobilized GOx increased by 1.5-fold at pH 3 and 4-fold at 70 to 90 ˚C, compared to free GOx. The immobilized GOx had excellent reusability (more than 90% relative activity after being reused eight times). Furthermore, the use of this system as a glucose biosensor was also demonstrated by co-immobilization of two enzymes, detecting glucose down to 1.84 µM with excellent selectivity. The above work indicated that in-situ self-assembly of Zn/adenine CPs could be a simple and efficient method for biocatalyst immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a TiC reinforcement metal matrix composite coating is produced using nickel and graphite mixing powder on the surface ofTi-6Al-4V alloy by laser radiation. The microstructure of the coatings is investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. Results show that most of the TiC phase is granular, with a size of several micrometers, and a few of the TiC phases are petals or flakes. At the cross-section of the coatings, a few special TiC patterns are found and these TiC patterns do not always occur at the observed cross-section. The even distribution of the TiC phase in the coatings confirms that the convection of the laser-melted pool leads to the homogenization of titanium atoms from the molten substrate, and carbon atoms from the preplace powder layer, by the mass transfer. The characteristics of the TiC pattern confirm that the morphology and distribution of the primary TiC phase could be influenced by convection. Two main reasons for this are that the density of the TiC phase is lower than the liquid melt, and that the primary TiC phase precipitates from the pool with a high convection speed at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a TiC-reinforced composite coating was produced to improve the wear resistance of a pearlite matrix grey iron using a pre-placed Ti powder by laser cladding. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that the coating was composed of TiC particles and two kinds of a-Fe phase. The fine TiC particles were only a few microns in size and uniformly distributed on the matrix phase in the composite coating. The microstructure characteristic of the composite coating resulted in the microhardness rising to about 1000 HV0.3 (China GB/T 4342-1991) and the wear resistance significantly increased relative to the substrate. In addition, the fine and homogeneous solidification microstructure without graphite phase in the transition zone led to a good metallurgical bonding and transition between the coating and the substrate. It was of great significance for the cast iron to modify the surface and repair surface defects or surface damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building structure regularly needs reinforcement due to damage, specification requirements, and functional changes; carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in structural reinforcement due to its high strength, lightweight, good corrosion resistance and easy construction. The regular square section reinforced concrete frame elements strengthened by CFRP material are taken as the research object. The dynamic response of CFRP to reinforced concrete elements under unequal lateral impact was discussed. This technical paper demonstrates that the test elements are subject to the bending failure mode, and the impact point and the near impact point support are severely damaged areas; the transversely wrapped elements are more abruptly broken, and the longitudinal wrapping elements and the number of wrapping layers can effectively reduce the level of damage. Analysis of the impact, deflection, and strain time history curves obtained in the test show that the wrapping mode and the number of layers have less influence on the impact force peak; the longitudinally wrapped elements and the plateau segment take longer. Dynamic equilibrium principle equation was proposed based on the experimental results. The horizontal partition plateau segment fluctuates greatly; the number of vertical wrap layers increases the plateau value. The larger the number of layers, the smaller the deflection caused by the impact. The longitudinal wrapping can effectively transmit the force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]