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The current status of the theoretical investigation of the bound-electron g factor in lithium-like and boron-like highly charged ions is reported. Some tension between the several theoretical values and measurements is discussed. Then, prospects for future investigations are briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redefined vacuum approach, which is frequently employed in the many-body perturbation theory, proved to be a powerful tool for formula derivation. Here, we elaborate this approach within the bound-state QED perturbation theory. In addition to general formulation, we consider the particular example of a single particle (electron or vacancy) excitation with respect to the redefined vacuum. Starting with simple one-electron QED diagrams, we deduce first- and second-order many-electron contributions: screened self-energy, screened vacuum polarization, one-photon exchange, and two-photon exchange. The redefined vacuum approach provides a straightforward and streamlined derivation and facilitates its application to any electronic configuration. Moreover, based on the gauge invariance of the one-electron diagrams, we can identify various gauge-invariant subsets within derived many-electron QED contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectron angular distributions of the two-photon ionization of neutral atoms are theoretically investigated. Numerical calculations of two-photon ionization cross sections and asymmetry parameters are carried out within the independent-particle approximation and relativistic second-order perturbation theory. The dependence of the asymmetry parameters on the polarization and energy of the incident light as well as on the angular momentum properties of the ionized electron are investigated. While dynamic variations of the angular distributions at photon energies near intermediate level resonances are expected, we demonstrate that equally strong variations occur near the nonlinear Cooper minimum. The described phenomena is demonstrated on the example of two-photon ionization of magnesium atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scattering of light on relativistic heavy ion beams is widely used for characterizing and tuning the properties of both the light and the ion beam. Its elastic component—Rayleigh scattering—is investigated in this work for photon energies close to certain electronic transitions because of its potential usage in the Gamma Factory initiative at CERN. The angle-differential cross-section, as well as the degree of polarization of the scattered light are investigated for the cases of 1 s − 2 p 1 / 2 and 1 s − 2 p 3 / 2 resonance transitions in H-like lead ions. In order to gauge the validity and uncertainty of frequently used approximations, we compare different methods. In particular, rigorous quantum electrodynamics calculations are compared with the resonant electric-dipole approximation evaluated within the relativistic and nonrelativistic formalisms. For better understanding of the origin of the approximation, the commonly used theoretical approach is explained here in detail. We find that in most cases, the nonrelativistic resonant electric-dipole approximation fails to describe the properties of the scattered light. At the same time, its relativistic variant agrees with the rigorous treatment within a level of 10% to 20%. These findings are essential for the design of an experimental setup exploiting the scattering process, as well as for the determination of the scattered light properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing. Thanks to the great efforts of our reviewers, I Materials i was able to maintain its standards for the high quality of its published papers. Thanks to the contribution of our reviewers, in 2021, the median time to first decision was 15 days and the median time to publication was 38 days. [Extracted from the article]

Atoms 2021, 9, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms9010010 www.mdpi.com/journal/atoms Editorial Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Atoms in 2020 Atoms Editorial Office MDPI AG, St. Alban-Anlage 66, 4052 Basel, Switzerland Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Atoms maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers. The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for their precious time and dedication, regardless of whether the papers were finally published: Citation: Atoms Editorial Office. Atoms 2021, 9, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ atoms9010010 Published: 27 January 2021 Publisher's Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]