1. Hydrophilic Auristatin Glycoside Payload Enables Improved Antibody-Drug Conjugate Efficacy and Biocompatibility
- Author
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Jari Helin, Bram Herpers, Virve Pitkänen, Leo S. Price, Juhani Saarinen, Annamari Heiskanen, Tero Satomaa, Henna Pynnönen, Titta Kotiranta, and Anja Vilkman
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,glycoside ,Antibody-drug conjugate ,Biocompatibility ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Pharmacology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacokinetics ,Drug Discovery ,parasitic diseases ,Immunology and Allergy ,therapeutic window ,Internalization ,Cytotoxicity ,media_common ,Chemistry ,auristatin ,MMAE ,MMAU ,ADC ,hydrophilicity ,In vitro ,body regions ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,Conjugate - Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer a combination of antibody therapy and specific delivery of potent small-molecule payloads to target cells. The properties of the ADC molecule are determined by the balance of its components. The efficacy of the payload component increases with higher drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), while homogeneous DAR = 8 ADCs are easily prepared by conjugation to the four accessible antibody hinge cystines. However, use of hydrophobic payloads has permitted only DAR = 2–4, due to poor pharmacokinetics and aggregation problems. Here, we describe generation and characterization of homogeneous DAR = 8 ADCs carrying a novel auristatin β-D-glucuronide, MMAU. The glycoside payload contributed to overall hydrophilicity of the ADC reducing aggregation. Compared to standard DAR = 2–4 ADCs, cytotoxicity of the homogeneous DAR = 8 ADCs was improved to low-picomolar IC50 values against cancer cells in vitro. Bystander efficacy was restored after ADC internalization and subsequent cleavage of the glycoside, although unconjugated MMAU was relatively non-toxic to cells. DAR = 8 MMAU ADCs were effective against target antigen-expressing xenograft tumors. The ADCs were also studied in 3D in vitro patient-derived xenograft (PDX) assays where they outperformed clinically used ADC. In conclusion, increased hydrophilicity of the payload contributed to the ADC’s hydrophilicity, stability and safety to non-target cells, while significantly improving cytotoxicity and enabling bystander efficacy.
- Published
- 2018