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Simple Summary: Aerobic glycolysis is a key driving force of tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Girdin plays a vital role in cancer cells; however, the role of Girdin in aerobic glycolysis is still unclear. In this study, we first found that knockout of Girdin markedly inhibited lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression in an autochthonous LUAD mouse model. In addition, we found that Girdin interacted with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and impaired PKM2 activity, which promoted the Warburg effect and chemoresistance. Our results suggest that Girdin is a potential therapeutic target to overcome the resistance of LUAD cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Girdin, an Akt substrate, has been reported to promote tumorigenesis in various tumors. However, the role of Girdin in a spontaneous tumor model has not yet been explored. Here, we studied the role of Girdin in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using the autochthonous mouse model and found that Girdin led to LUAD progression and chemoresistance by enhancing the Warburg effect. Mechanistically, Girdin interacted with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which played a vital role in aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, Girdin impaired Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta (PDGFRβ) degradation, which in turn, promoted PKM2 tyrosine residue 105 (Y105) phosphorylation and inhibited PKM2 activity, subsequently promoting aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Girdin is a crucial regulator of tumor growth and may be a potential therapeutic target for overcoming the resistance of LUAD cells to chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the achieved vault using a manufacturer's nomogram and the predicted vault using the currently available prediction formulas after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (EVO Implantable Collamer Lens; ICL, STAAR Surgical) implantation. We included 200 eyes of 100 consecutive patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 34.3 ± 7.8 years) undergoing ICL implantation with a central hole. Three months postoperatively, we quantitatively measured the actual vault, and we compared it with the predicted vault using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA 2, Tomey). The agreement rate of the recommended ICL size using the manufacturer's nomogram, the NK formula, and the KS formula was 50.0%. The achieved vault was 477.1 ± 263.7 µm, which was significantly smaller than the predicted vaults of 551.2 ± 335.1 and 606.4 ± 212.2 µm, using the NK and KS formulas, respectively (Dunnett test, p = 0.014, p < 0.001). The achieved vault was not significantly different from the predicted vault using the NK or KS formula (p = 0.386, p = 0.157) when selecting a 12.1 mm ICL size. It was not significantly different from the predicted vault using the NK formula (p = 0.962), but it was significantly smaller than that using the KS formula (p = 0.033) when selecting a 12.6 mm size. It was significantly smaller than the predicted vault using the NK and KS formulas (p < 0.001) when selecting 13.2 mm size. The total agreement rate of the recommended ICL size was approximately 50%. The predicted ICL vault tended to overestimate the actual ICL vault, especially when selecting a larger ICL size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customized cross-linking has been proposed as an alternative to conventional cross-linking in patients with progressive keratoconus, targeting greater flattening of the cone region and improved visual function. Epithelium-on cross-linking aims to reduce complications associated with epithelial removal, while the addition of oxygen aims to maintain treatment effect. Our study evaluates the combination of these novel treatment strategies to achieve a minimally invasive treatment targeting maximal functional outcomes. This prospective study included 42 eyes undergoing epithelium-on, accelerated, oxygen-supplemented, customized corneal cross-linking for progressive keratoconus. Outcome measures, including refraction, visual acuity, and corneal tomography were obtained at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) uncorrected visual acuity was significantly improved, from 0.87 ± 0.53 preoperatively, to 0.78 ± 0.56 1 year postoperatively (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p = 0.016). LogMAR best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was also significantly improved, from 0.19 ± 0.36 preoperatively, to 0.11 ± 0.33 postoperatively (p = 0.004). Manifest refractive cylinder was significantly decreased, from 4.50 ± 2.96 D preoperatively, to 3.27 ± 2.61 D postoperatively (p = 0.004). The baseline maximum keratometry (Kmax) was 53.04 ± 7.91 D, significantly flattening to 52.25 ± 7.31 D by 1 month, and remaining relatively stable at 1 year postoperatively (52.31 ± 7.50 D) (p < 0.001). No significant adverse events occurred in any eye. Epithelium-on, accelerated, oxygen-supplemented, customized corneal cross-linking is a promising new treatment approach, with reduced maximum keratometry, reduced astigmatism, and improved visual acuity at 1 year, with a favorable safety and patient comfort profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the time courses of angle opening parameters and the relationships of these with the corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and the intraocular pressure (IOP) after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (Visian ICLTM, STAAR Surgical) implantation. We evaluated 116 eyes of 59 consecutive patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 34.0 ± 8.8 years) who underwent V5 implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. Preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 18 months postoperatively, we quantitatively measured the angle opening distance at 500 µm (AOD500), the trabecular-iris space area (TISA500), and the trabecular iris angle (TIA500), using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA 2, Tomey), and assessed the relationships of these measurements with ECD and IOP in ICL-implanted eyes. All angle parameters (AOD500, TISA500, and TIA500) significantly decreased 1 day postoperatively but remained stable thereafter. At 18 months postoperatively, we found no significant correlations of the angle parameters with ECD (Pearson correlation coefficient r = −0.108, p = 0.249 for AOD500; r = −0.162, p = 0.083 for TISA500; r = −0.022, p = 0.815 for TIA500) or between the angle parameters and IOP (r = −0.106, p = 0.256 for AOD500; r = −0.021, p = 0.826 for TISA500; r = −0.018, p = 0.850 for TIA500). The angle opening metrics significantly decreased immediately after ICL implantation but remained stable thereafter. Narrowing of the angle did not significantly affect ECD or IOP in ICL-implanted eyes during the 18-month postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design of atomic and oligomer level structure in organic-inorganic hybrid materials is highly important for various applications. Nonaqueous acid-base reaction allows us to prepare silicophosphates with controlled inorganic networks (–(O–P–O–Si)n) at atomic level because phosphorous and silicon-based precursors can react directly, resulting in an alternating copolymer network. Organic functionalization in those materials has been realized so far by using organic-modified phosphorous acid and/or organo-chlorosilane as precursors. In the present study, silicophosphate oligomers exhibiting inorganic-organic hybrid chains of (–(O–P–O–Si–R–Si)n) (R: bridging organic functional groups), are prepared from phosphoric acid and organo-bridged bis(chlorosilane). The 1, 2-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethane ((C2H4)(Me2SiCl)2) and 1, 4-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)benzene ((C6H4)(Me2SiCl)2) were used as organo-bridged bis(chlorosilane). Different types of silicophosphate oligomers with different network structures and terminal groups (P-OH and/or Si-Cl) were prepared by changing the reaction temperature and molar ratio of precursors. The formation of low molecular weight oligomers of ring and cage morphologies (ring tetramer, cage pentamer, and ring hexamer) is suggested in the product prepared from phosphoric acid and (C6H4)(Me2SiCl)2 molecule at 150 °C. Those silicophosphate hybrid oligomers are expected to be used as building blocks of hybrid materials with well-defined network structures for desired functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design of atomic and oligomer level structure in organic-inorganic hybrid materials is highly important for various applications. Nonaqueous acid-base reaction allows us to prepare silicophosphates with controlled inorganic networks (-(O-P-O-Si) n ) at atomic level because phosphorous and silicon-based precursors can react directly, resulting in an alternating copolymer network. Organic functionalization in those materials has been realized so far by using organic-modified phosphorous acid and/or organo-chlorosilane as precursors. In the present study, silicophosphate oligomers exhibiting inorganic-organic hybrid chains of (-(O-P-O-Si-R-Si) n ) (R: bridging organic functional groups), are prepared from phosphoric acid and organo-bridged bis(chlorosilane). The 1, 2-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethane ((C 2 H 4 )(Me 2 SiCl) 2 ) and 1, 4-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)benzene ((C 6 H 4 )(Me 2 SiCl) 2 ) were used as organo-bridged bis(chlorosilane). Different types of silicophosphate oligomers with different network structures and terminal groups (P-OH and/or Si-Cl) were prepared by changing the reaction temperature and molar ratio of precursors. The formation of low molecular weight oligomers of ring and cage morphologies (ring tetramer, cage pentamer, and ring hexamer) is suggested in the product prepared from phosphoric acid and (C 6 H 4 )(Me 2 SiCl) 2 molecule at 150 °C. Those silicophosphate hybrid oligomers are expected to be used as building blocks of hybrid materials with well-defined network structures for desired functionalities.