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Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ProDesign Logic files 45.01 and 50.01 on apical foramen wear and shape transformation after foraminal enlargement at tooth length (TL) and 1 mm beyond. Methods: Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted lower human premolars teeth were distributed randomly into five groups (n = 12): Group 1 (40.05 WL) (control): No foraminal enlargement, Group 2 (45.01 TL): Specimens underwent foraminal enlargement with 45.01 Prodesign Logic file at TL; Group 3 (45.01 TL + 1): Specimens underwent foraminal enlargement with 45.01 Prodesign Logic file at 1 mm beyond TL; Group 4 (50.01 TL): Specimens underwent foraminal enlargement with 50.01 Prodesign Logic file at TL; Group 5 (50.01 TL + 1): Specimens underwent foraminal enlargement with 50.01 Prodesign Logic file at 1 mm beyond TL. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate apical foramen variations and shape alterations. Data were analyzed by Student's t-test, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney test. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed among all tested groups compared to the control group in terms of the average worn area of the apical foramen. Foraminal enlargement led to significant shape transformation, resulting in round-shaped foramina. Conclusion: ProDesign Logic 45.01 and 50.01 files at TL causes notable wear and round-shaped foramina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the relationship between apical fenestration—a defect in the alveolar bone involving the root apex—and tooth position in all tooth groups, excluding the third molars, utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. A total of 800 CBCT scans (400 maxillary and 400 mandibular) from patients undergoing various treatments were examined by a single professional (radiologist and endodontist). Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, were conducted using R software 2.7.3 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Results indicated a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) between apical fenestration and tooth position. In the upper teeth, apical fenestrations were notably present in the mesio-buccal (17.17%) and disto-buccal (11.07%) roots of the first molars. Conversely, apical fenestrations in the lower teeth were relatively less frequent. The study revealed a negative correlation between apical fenestration and mesial inclination, rotation, and extrusion in the upper teeth. However, a positive correlation was observed between apical fenestration and lingual inclination in the upper teeth. In conclusion, this study illuminates the distribution of apical fenestration and its correlation with tooth positions, offering insights into factors influencing this defect in dental anatomy. The findings enhance our understanding of nuanced relationships between tooth position and apical fenestration in the upper and lower dental arches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]