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In all reported cases of foreign body migration or impaction in the biliary tree, there is no mention of the presence of hypereosinophilia among the laboratory findings. This could possibly be attributed to the local tissue reaction caused by the impacted foreign body. Here, we present our experience with the removal of a screw from a surgical retractor that became lodged in the common bile duct (CBD) and migrated in a patient who had previously undergone a left lateral hepatectomy for hepatic hydatidosis. The imaging was not sufficient to make a diagnosis, and the interpretation of hypereosinophilia in such a case could pose a challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focal active colitis (FAC) is described as a histolopathological term indicating the isolated finding of focal neutrophil infiltration in the colonic crypts. Currently, there exist numerous debates regarding the clinical significance of diagnosing FAC, which may or may not have clinical relevance as it is frequently detected in colorectal biopsies without any other microscopic abnormalities. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the available evidence concerning the clinical implications of FAC, both in the adult population (among five studies available in the scientific literature) and in the pediatric context (based on two available studies). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that gastric syphilis is considered rare, it is reported as a type of organic involvement that is present in a large proportion of secondary syphilis cases, even though gastritis presenting with symptoms is extremely rare. Clinical, radiological, and endoscopic findings are non-specific and frequently mimic the symptoms of gastric adenocarcinoma or lymphoma, making diagnosis difficult. Immunostaining is required for this diagnosis. We would like to emphasize the importance of being suspicious of GS when a gastric mass exhibits the histologic features of an inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT), as previously reported for nodal IPT caused by luetic infection. We described a 56-year-old man who presented to the oncology department with a 3-month history of anorexia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, as well as an initial radiological and endoscopic suspicion of gastric adenocarcinoma, in which immune staining allowed us to diagnose GS. In addition, we conducted an updated scoping review of the scientific literature to show the clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic findings in GS patients over the last 65 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroparesis (GP) is a disorder of gastric functions that is defined by objective delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. This disease is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, post-prandial fullness, and early satiety. GP significantly impacts patients' quality of life and contributes to substantial healthcare expenses for families and society. However, the epidemiological burden of GP is difficult to evaluate, mainly due its significant overlap with functional dyspepsia (FD). GP and FD represent two similar diseases. The pathophysiology of both disorders involves abnormal gastric motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and mucosal inflammation. Moreover, both conditions share similar symptoms, such as epigastric pain, bloating, and early satiety. The latest evidence reveals that dysbiosis is directly or indirectly connected to gut–brain axis alterations, which are the basis of pathogenesis in both FD and GP. Furthermore, the role of microbiota in the development of gastroparesis was demonstrated by some clinical studies, which found that the use of probiotics is correlated with improvements in the gastric emptying time (GET). Infections (with viruses, bacteria, and protozoa) represent a proven etiology for GP but have not been sufficiently considered in current clinical practice. Previous viral infections can be found in about 20% of idiopathic GP cases. Moreover, delayed gastric emptying during systemic protozoal infections represents a huge concern for compromised patients, and few data exist on the topic. This comprehensive narrative review analyzes the relationship between microorganisms and GP. We explore, on the one hand, the correlation between gut microbiota dysbiosis and GP pathogenesis, including treatment implications, and, on the other hand, the association between exogenous infections and the etiology of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut microbiota dysbiosis can be modified by various treatments; these changes may be understood as a trigger for FGIDs, or they may be the goal of the treatment, impacting symptoms. Initially, the pathogenic component of gut microbiota was shown to be associated with FGIDs, with up to 10% of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients having gastrointestinal infections followed by gut microbiota dysbiosis, resulting in the occurrence of IBS (postinfectious IBS) [[12]]. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), also known as disorders of gut-brain interaction, are a group of disorders characterized by chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of demonstrable pathology on conventional testing. Changes in gut microbiota in the small bowel and colon have been extensively studied in patients with FGIDs [[3], [12]], as they can affect gut motility, intestinal gas profile, gut immune and intestinal barrier function, visceral sensation, neuro-immuno-endocrine interface and, finally, gut-brain axis [[3], [16]]. [Extracted from the article]

The clinical course of Crohn's disease (CD) is often complicated by intestinal strictures, which can be fibrotic, inflammatory, or mixed, therefore leading to stenosis and eventually symptomatic obstruction. We report two cases of subclinical CD diagnosed after fruit pit ingestion, causing bowel obstruction; additionally, we conducted a narrative review of the scientific literature on cases of intestinal obstruction secondary to impacted bezoars due to fruit pits. Symptoms of gastrointestinal bezoars in CD patients are not diagnostic; and the diagnosis should be based on a combined assessment of history, clinical presentation, imaging examination and endoscopy findings. This report corroborates the concept that CD patients are at a greater risk of bowel obstruction with bezoars generally and shows that accidental ingestion of fruit pits may lead to an unusual presentation of the disease. Therapeutic options in this group of patients differ from the usual approaches implemented in other patients with strictures secondary to CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiota is emerging as an important player in neurodevelopment and aging as well as in brain diseases including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The complex interplay between gut microbiota and the brain, and vice versa, has recently become not only the focus of neuroscience, but also the starting point for research regarding many diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The bi-directional interaction between gut microbiota and the brain is not completely understood. The aim of this review is to sum up the evidencesconcerningthe role of the gut–brain microbiota axis in ischemic stroke and to highlight the more recent evidences about the potential role of the gut–brain microbiota axis in the interaction between inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIPO) is a disease characterized by symptoms and signs of small bowel obstruction in the absence of displayable mechanical obstruction. Due to the known neuropathic capacity of several viruses, and their localization in the intestine, it has been hypothesized that such viruses could be involved in the pathogenesis of CIIPO. The most frequently involved viruses are John Cunningham virus, Herpesviridae, Flaviviruses, Epstein–Barr virus and Citomegalovirus. Therefore, the present narrative review aims to sum up some new perspectives in the etiology and pathophysiology of CIIPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]