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(1) Background: The aging population is expected to triple by 2050. Executive functions decline with age, impacting daily tasks, and this is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Aerobic and resistance exercises positively affect cognitive function in older adults by influencing growth markers. However, the modalities of exercise and the optimal parameters for maximum cognitive benefits remain unclear. (2) Methods: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted. The systematic search was on slowing cognitive decline and performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. Articles were included if participants were ≥65 years, healthy, and performing resistance or aerobic exercise, and they were excluded if there was a combination of training and if they have neurological disease or cognitive impairment. (3) Results: The search strategy found a total of 1635 studies. After removing duplicates and assessing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 463 healthy older adults analyzed. No significant differences between the intervention groups and the control groups after the aerobic or resistance programs were found. (4) Conclusions: Aerobic exercise interventions improved executive function more than resistance training in older adults, but without statistically significant differences. This can serve as a guide to see, with caution, whether we need a multidisciplinary approach to be more effective in improving the cortical health of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generating large mechanical power during actions such as sprinting or jumping is a crucial factor in many sports. These types of actions require a good warm-up activation. Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) is a non-invasive therapy based on the application of radio frequency electric currents within the range of 300 kHz–1.2 MHz to accelerate tissue metabolic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding CRET to an active warm-up protocol in young adult athletes. For the double-blind randomized clinical trial, 60 healthy athletes were recruited and divided into an Experimental group (EG) and a Sham group (SG). EG received a CRET protocol in addition to an active warm-up. SG carried out the same warm-up but with a placebo CRET. The main outcome measures were isometric extension force, countermovement-jump (CMJ), 30 m-sprint test, and surface electromyography (sEMG). There is no statistically significant interaction (group–time) for any of the variables studied. Significant main effects for time were found in isometric extension force (p = 0.008); 30 m sprint (p = 0.017); rectus femoris sEMG during CMJ (p = 0.002); vastus lateralis sEMG during CMJ (p = 0.012); vastus medialis during CMJ (p = 0.010) and rectus femoris sEMG during the 30 m sprint test (p = 0.012). Non-significant differences between means are observed in the isometric extension force (48.91 EG; 10.87 SG) and 30 m sprint (−0.13 EG; −0.04 SG) variables. To conclude, a non-significant tendency was observed in sprint and quadriceps strength following CRET therapy, compared to the individuals' pre-treatment state. Future research should use more treatment sessions to observe this tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects and durability of postural exercise on gait kinematics in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). Thirty-four men with mild IDDs were assigned to either the training group (n = 19) or the control group (n = 15). The TG performed the intervention over 8 weeks, 3 days/week, 1 h/day. The results indicated that the intervention program had a significant effect on some variables of gait. Additionally, in the TG between post-test and follow-up, there was no significant difference, which indicated that gait variables were maintained by the TG one month after the end of the program. This research demonstrates that postural exercises are a viable intervention for enhancing the gait of people with IDDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control the development of people with congenital heart disease (CHD), it is important to follow their aerobic capacity (AC), especially when they exercise. This research aimed to study the progress of AC during a follow-up of adults with CHD. This is a longitudinal study which involved 127 adults with a mean age of 33.8 (11.1) years (57.5% female; 75 moderate CHD and 52 complex CHD) who had undergone two cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CEPT) in at least one year between the first and the second test. The AC and exercise performance (EP) (duration of exercise time, velocity and percentage of grade) were assessed using a ramp protocol over a treadmill. In a mean of 4.5 (2.0) years of follow-up, there was a significant decrease in AC. The VO2peak at baseline was 27.8 (27.7) mL/kg/min (82.9% (20.3%) predicted) versus 26.6 (7.8) mL/kg/min (79.3% (20.8%) predicted) at the end of follow-up. This decline was independent of the body weight increase. There was no significant difference in HRpeak and EP among periods. These results suggest a sign of favorable evolution of adults with CHD. More research is needed to study different factors that could contribute to AC reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have investigated the effects of fat intake before exercise on subsequent substrate oxidation and exercise performance. While some studies have reported that unsaturated fatty acid supplementation slightly increases fat oxidation, the changes have not been reflected in the maximum oxygen uptake or in other performance and physiological parameters. We selected almonds as a fatty acid (FA) source for acute supplementation and investigated their effect on non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) values and exercise performance. Five physically active male subjects (age 32.9 ± 12.7 years, height 178.5 ± 3.3 cm, and weight 81.3 ± 9.7 kg) were randomly assigned to take an almond or placebo supplement 2 h before participating in two cycling resistance training sessions separated by an interval of 7–10 days. Their performance was evaluated with a maximal incremental test until exhaustion. Blood samples collected before, during, and after testing were biochemically analysed. The results indicated a NEFA value average increase of 0.09 mg·dL−1 (95% CI: 0.05–0.14; p < 0.001) after active supplement intake and enhanced performance (5389 ± 1795 W vs. placebo 4470 ± 2053 W, p = 0.043) after almond supplementation compared to the placebo. The almond supplementation did not cause gastrointestinal disturbances. Our study suggests that acute almond supplementation 2 h before exercise can improve performance in endurance exercise in trained subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]