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(Fe0.7Co0.3)2B are potential permanent magnets material due to its large saturation magnetization and high Curie temperature. However, it has moderate magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) and low coercivity. One way to improve its coercivity is to combine the contributions from magnetocrystalline- and magnetic-shape anisotropy by preparing (Fe0.7Co0.3)2B nanowires. We study the effects of size, morphology, and surface defects on the hard magnetic properties of nanowires using micromagnetic simulation. The hard magnetic properties of (Fe0.7Co0.3)2B nanowire-bonded magnets are estimated, including the role of inter-wire magnetostatic interaction. By considering the existence of local reductions in MCA energy of up to 30% on the surface layer of nanowires, the anisotropic bonded magnet with a 65% vol. of (Fe0.7Co0.3)2B nanowires would have typical remanence, Br= 7.6–8.4 kG, coercivity, Hci= 9.6–9.9 kOe, and maximum energy product, (BH)m = 14–17.8 MGOe. Developing effective technology for synthesizing nanowires and fabricating corresponding bonded magnets is promising for manufacturing practical magnets based on the magnetic phase with a relatively low or moderate MCA, such as (Fe0.7Co0.3)2B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial replacement of Fe by Co is an effective method to increase Curie temperature (TC), which improves the thermal stability of magnetic properties in Nd2Fe14B-based permanent magnets. The correlation between Fe substitution and magnetic properties has been studied in Nd2(Fe,Co)14B via a first-principles calculation. The calculated Fe substitution energies indicate that the Co atoms avoid the 8j2 site, which agrees with the experiments. The Co atoms are ferromagnetically coupled with Fe sublattice and show magnetic moments of about 1.2 to 1.7 μB at different crystallographic sites, less than that of Fe (2.1–2.7 μB), resulting in the decrease in total magnetization at ground state (0 K) with increasing Co content. The effective exchange interaction parameter, derived from the energy difference between varied magnetic structures, increases from 7.8 meV to 17.0 meV with increasing Co content from x = 0 to x = 14 in Nd2Fe14−xCoxB. This change in the effective exchange interaction parameter is responsible for the enhancement of TC in Nd2(Fe,Co)14B. The total magnetization at 300 K, derived from mean-field theory, shows a peak maximum value at x = 1 in Nd2Fe14−xCoxB. The phenomenon results from the interplay between the reduction of the magnetic moment in the Fe(Co) sublattice and the enhancement of TC with increasing Co content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the effect of an applied magnetic field on the entire HDDR process using a customized reactor vessel and a warm-bore superconducting magnet. We analyzed the resulting properties produced at both a 0 applied field and a 2 Tesla applied field. We show that the application of a magnetic field throughout the HDDR process results in powders that exhibit a greater level of anisotropy compared to their ambient field counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent magnets today are used in a wide range of transportation, industrial, residential/commercial, consumer electronics, defense, domestic, data storage, wind energy, and medical markets and applications. There are five classes of commercial permanent magnet materials; however, magnets based on Nd-Fe-B account for over 60% of the global magnet production by value. They typically contain around 31 wt.% of rare earth elements (REEs), principally, Nd and Pr, plus Dy for higher-temperature performance. Nd-Fe-B magnets are forecast to grow throughout this decade, largely driven by the growth in electric vehicles of all types. However, several studies forecast a shortfall of the primary REEs from mined resources. In this paper, the sourcing, processing, and recycling of REEs are discussed. Additionally, presented are the advantages and disadvantages of the major recovery and recycling technologies for REEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We briefly summarize the results from a set of experiments designed to demonstrate the effects of high magnetic fields applied during thermal annealing of amorphous Nd2Fe14B produced through melt-spinning. A custom-built differential scanning calorimeter was used to determine the crystallization temperatures in zero-field and in applied fields of 20 kOe and 90 kOe, which guided subsequent heat treatments to evaluate phase evolution. X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification and transmission electron microscopy was employed for observation of the crystallite size and morphology. Magnetization measurements were also used to evaluate the resulting magnetic phases after thermomagnetic processing. While the applied magnetic fields do not appear to affect the crystallization temperature, significant effects on the kinetics of phase evolution are observed and correlated strongly to the magnetic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth has led to an increased demand for raw minerals and energy resources; however, their supply cannot easily be provided in the same proportions. Modern technologies contain materials that are becoming more finely intermixed because of the broadening palette of elements used, and this outcome creates certain limitations for recycling. The recovery and separation of individual elements, critical materials and valuable metals from complex systems requires complex energy-consuming solutions with many hazardous chemicals used. Significant pressure is brought to bear on the improvement of separation and recycling approaches by the need to balance sustainability, efficiency, and environmental impacts. Due to the increase in environmental consciousness in chemical research and industry, the challenge for a sustainable environment calls for clean procedures that avoid the use of harmful organic solvents. Ionic liquids, also known as molten salts and future solvents, are endowed with unique features that have already had a promising impact on cutting-edge science and technologies. This review aims to address the current challenges associated with the energy-efficient design, recovery, recycling, and separation of valuable metals employing ionic liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extrusion based additive manufacturing of polymer composite magnets can increase the solid loading volume fraction with greater mechanical force through the printing nozzle as compared to traditional injection molding process. About 63 vol% of isotropic NdFeB magnet powders were compounded with 37 vol% of polyphenylene sulfide and bonded permanent magnets were fabricated while using Big Area Additive Manufacturing without any degradation in magnetic properties. The polyphenylene sulfide bonded magnets have a tensile stress of 20 MPa, almost double than that of nylon bonded permanent magnets. Additively manufactured and surface-protective-resin coated bonded magnets meet the industrial stability criterion of up to 175 °C with a flux-loss of 2.35% over 1000 h. They also exhibit better corrosion resistance behavior when exposed to acidic (pH = 1.35) solution for 24 h and also annealed at 80 °C over 100 h (at 95% relative humidity) over without coated magnets. Thus, polyphenylene sulfide bonded, additively manufactured, protective resin coated bonded permanent magnets provide better thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]