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Unveiling the spatial and temporal distribution of urban ecological resilience and analyzing the configuration paths for enhancing its levels are crucial for promoting sustainable development in China. Our study integrates the DPSIR and EES models, considering the causal relationships between systems affecting urban ecological resilience while also examining their internal structures. Based on this, we construct an evaluation system for urban ecological resilience indicators. Utilizing the entropy-TOPSIS method, we assess the ecological resilience index (ERI) across 280 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2021, and the kernel density estimation and Markov chain are used to study the evolution process while the magnitude and source of spatial–regional differences are examined by the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method. Additionally, we empirically investigate the driving mechanisms toward high ERI with the focused stepwise quantitative case analysis (fsQCA) method based on the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework. The results find that the ERI in China shows a tendency of moderate growth in variability, with an obvious gradient distribution: higher levels in the eastern and southern and lower levels in the western and northern regions. Also, ERI exhibits evolutionary features of increasing polarization and inter-regional differentiation. Spatial disparities gradually increase with fluctuations, driven primarily by transvariation density and intra-regional differences, contributing to a dual non-equilibrium state of east–west and north–south directions. Achieving a high ERI is influenced by various antecedent variables interacting with each other, and there are three predominant driving paths among these variables, with the level of informatization playing a central role in each pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We explored the association between clinical outcomes and the cleavage rate of day-3 cleavage slow-growing embryos after overnight culture. Methods: The data collected from 303 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles with 606 4-cell or 5-cell embryos cultured overnight (18–22 h) after thawing were analyzed. Based on the growth rate after the overnight culture, the embryos were divided into three groups: no embryo reaching eight cells (Group I), either one of the two embryos reaching eight cells (Group II), and both two embryos reaching eight cells or more (Group III). A statistical analysis of the different clinical outcomes from the three groups was performed. Results: Biochemical pregnancy rate (OR 3.22; p = 0.001), implantation rate (OR 2.44; p = 0.002), clinical pregnancy rate (OR 3.04; p = 0.001), ongoing pregnancy rate (OR 3.14; p = 0.001), and live birth rate (OR 2.78; p = 0.004) were significantly higher in Group III as compared to Group I. Group II had a significantly higher biochemical pregnancy rate (OR 2.02; p = 0.013) and implantation rate (OR 1.77; p = 0.019) than Group I. Conclusions: The capability of day-3 cleavage slow-growing embryos to reach eight cells, especially that of two embryos reaching eight cells by overnight culture, appear to result in a better pregnancy outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A labeled multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter is presented to jointly detect and track radar targets. A relevant LMB filter is recently proposed by Rathnayake which assumes that the measurements of different targets do not overlap, leading to the favorable separable likelihood assumption. However, new or close tracks often violate the assumption and lead to a bias in the cardinality estimate. To address this problem, a one-to-one association method between measurements and tracks is proposed. In our method, any target only corresponds to its associated measurements and different tracks have little mutual interference. In addition, an approximate method for calculating the point spread function of radar is developed to improve the computational efficiency of likelihood function. The simulation under low signal-to-noise ratio scenario with closely spaced targets have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A forward–backward labeled multi-Bernoulli (LMB) smoother is proposed for multi-target tracking. The proposed smoother consists of two components corresponding to forward LMB filtering and backward LMB smoothing, respectively. The former is the standard LMB filter and the latter is proved to be closed under LMB prior. It is also shown that the proposed LMB smoother can improve both the cardinality estimation and the state estimation, and the major computational complexity is linear with the number of targets. Implementation based on the Sequential Monte Carlo method in a representative scenario has demonstrated the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed smoother in comparison to existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerial infrared point target detection under nonstationary background clutter is a crucial yet challenging issue in the field of remote sensing. This paper presents a novel omnidirectional multiscale morphological method for aerial point target detection based on a dual-band model. Considering that the clutter noise conforms to the Gaussian distribution, the single-band detection model under the Neyman-Pearson (NP) criterion is established first, and then the optimal fused probability of detection under the dual-band model is deduced according to the And fusion rule. Next, the omnidirectional multiscale morphological Top-hat algorithm is proposed to extract all the possible targets distributing in every direction, and the local difference criterion is employed to eliminate the residual background edges further. The dynamic threshold-to-noise ratio (TNR) is adjusted to obtain the optimal probability of detection under the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) criterion. Finally, the dim point target is extracted after dual-band data correlation. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed method achieves a high probability of detection and performs well with respect to suppressing complex background when compared with common algorithms. In addition, it also has the advantage of low complexity and easy implementation in real-time systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]