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Natural disasters and warfare lead to the destruction of city buildings and infrastructure, leaving large numbers of people homeless. The rebuilding of destroyed cities needs to be carried out promptly while maintaining a balance between construction quality and duration. Rework due to defects and the lengthy approval of non-conformances significantly increases the duration of construction. This study aimed to develop a decision support system to fix or negotiate strategies to address construction defects, depending on their level of risk. The paper addresses the following objectives: classifying defects by the quality of construction that they affect; building a tree of construction defect risks; and developing an artificial neural network (ANN) to assess the defect risk. The weights of the links are represented by posterior probabilities of damage calculated using the Bayes' theorem in the pre-training stage. The ANN has been adapted to cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures. When training the resulting ANN on a sample of precedents, the test sample demonstrated convergence and low errors. The resulting model will accelerate construction by automating assessments of defect severity and reducing the time spent on reworking defects with low quality risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A promising approach to targeted drug delivery is the remote control of magnetically sensitive objects using an external magnetic field source. This method can assist in the accumulation of magnetic carriers in the affected area for local drug delivery, thus providing magnetic nanoparticles for MRI contrast and magnetic hyperthermia, as well as the magnetic separation of objects of interest from the bloodstream and liquid biopsy samples. The possibility of magnetic objects' capture in the flow is determined by the ratio of the magnetic field strength and the force of viscous resistance. Thus, the capturing ability is limited by the objects' magnetic properties, size, and flow rate. Despite the importance of a thorough investigation of this process to prove the concept of magnetically controlled drug delivery, it has not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we studied the efficiency of polyelectrolyte capsules' capture by the external magnetic field source depending on their size, the magnetic nanoparticle payload, and the suspension's flow rate. Additionally, we estimated the possibility of magnetically trapping cells containing magnetic capsules in flow and evaluated cells' membrane integrity after that. These results are required to prove the possibility of the magnetically controlled delivery of the encapsulated medicine to the affected area with its subsequent retention, as well as the capability to capture magnetically labeled cells in flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Figure Graph: Figure 3 The efficiency of magnetic capture of differently sized polyelectrolyte microcapsules from the flow depending on the amount of loaded magnetite and the flow velocity. The Influence of Magnetic Composite Capsule Structure and Size on Their Trapping Efficiency in the Flow. "The efficiency of magnetic capture of differently sized polyelectrolyte microcapsules from the flow depending on the amount of loaded magnetite and the flow velocity." as published. [Extracted from the article]

Drug carriers based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules remotely controlled with an external magnetic field are a promising drug delivery system. However, the influence of capsule parameters on microcapsules' behavior in vivo is still ambiguous and requires additional study. Here, we discuss how the processes occurring in the blood flow influence the circulation time of magnetic polyelectrolyte microcapsules in mouse blood after injection into the blood circulatory system and their interaction with different blood components, such as WBCs and RBCs. The investigation of microcapsules ranging in diameter 1–5.5 μ m allowed us to reveal the dynamics of their filtration by vital organs, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, which is dependent on their size, alongside the efficiency of their interaction with the magnetic field. Our results show that small capsules have a long circulation time and do not affect blood cells. In contrast, the injection of large 5.5 μ m microcapsules leads to fast filtration from the blood flow, induces the inhibition of macrophage cell line proliferation after 48 h, and causes an increase in hemolysis, depending on the carrier concentration. The obtained results reveal the possible directions of fine-tuning microcapsule parameters, maximizing capsule payload without the side effects for the blood flow or the blood cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow cytometry nowadays is among the main working instruments in modern biology paving the way for clinics to provide early, quick, and reliable diagnostics of many blood-related diseases. The major problem for clinical applications is the detection of rare pathogenic objects in patient blood. These objects can be circulating tumor cells, very rare during the early stages of cancer development, various microorganisms and parasites in the blood during acute blood infections. All of these rare diagnostic objects can be detected and identified very rapidly to save a patient's life. This review outlines the main techniques of visualization of rare objects in the blood flow, methods for extraction of such objects from the blood flow for further investigations and new approaches to identify the objects automatically with the modern deep learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic contrast agents are widely used in magnetic resonance imaging in order to significantly change the signals from the regions of interest in comparison with the surrounding tissue. Despite a high variety of single-mode T1 or T2 contrast agents, there is a need for dual-mode contrast from the one agent. Here, we report on the synthesis of magnetic submicron carriers, containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles in their structure. We show the ability to control magnetic resonance contrast by changing not only the number of magnetite nanoparticles in one carrier or the concentration of magnetite in the suspension but also the structure of the core–shell itself. The obtained data open up the prospects for dual-mode T1/T2 magnetic contrast formation, as well as provides the basis for future investigations in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]