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Background: De novo cancers are feared complications after heart or lung transplantation. Recent data suggest that diabetes mellitus (DM) might also be a risk factor for cancer. We hypothesized that transplanted diabetic patients are at greater risk of developing cancer compared to non-diabetic ones. Methods: We reviewed 353 patients post-heart and/or -lung transplantation from our center between October 1999 and June 2021. Patients with follow-up <180 days (n = 87) were excluded from the analysis. The remaining 266 patients were divided into patients who had preoperative DM (n = 88) or developed it during follow-up (n = 40) and patients without DM (n = 138). Results: The diabetic cohort showed higher rates of malignancies in all patients (30.33 vs. 15.97%, p = 0.005) and in the matched population (31.9 vs. 16.1%, p < 0.001). There were also significantly more solid tumors (17.9 vs. 9.4%, p = 0.042; matched: 16.6 vs. 9.1%, p = 0.09) The presence of diabetes was associated with a 13% increased risk of cancer when compared to non-diabetic patients. New-onset post-transplant diabetes doubled the likelihood of cancer development. Conclusions: Pre-transplant diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cancer after heart and/or lung transplantation. However, new-onset diabetes after transplantation is associated with a much greater cancer risk. This information is relevant for screening during follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Benefits of tricuspid valve repair (TVR) in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients have been questioned. High TVR failure rates have been reported. Remaining or recurring TR was found to be a risk factor for right heart failure (RHF). Therefore, we assessed our experience. Methods: Since 12/2010, 195 patients have undergone LVAD implantation in our center. Almost half (n = 94, 48%) received concomitant TVR (LVAD+TVR). These patients were included in our analysis. Echocardiographic and clinical data were assessed. Median follow-up was 2.8 years (7 days–0.6 years). Results were correlated with clinical outcomes. Results: LVAD+TVR patients were 59.8 ± 11.4 years old (89.4% male) and 37.3% were INTERMACS level 1 and 2. Preoperative TR was moderate in 28 and severe in 66 patients. RV function was severely impaired in 61 patients reflected by TAPSE-values of 11.2 ± 2.9 mm (vs. 15.7 ± 3.8 mm in n = 33; p < 0.001). Risk for RHF according to EUROMACS-RHF risk score was high (>4 points) in 60 patients, intermediate (>2–4 points) in 19 and low (0–2 points) in 15. RHF occurred in four patients (4.3%). Mean duration of echocardiographic follow-up was 2.8 ± 2.3 years. None of the patients presented with severe and only five (5.3%) with moderate TR. The vast majority (n = 63) had mild TR, and 26 patients had no/trace TR. Survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 77.4%, 68.1% and 55.6%, 30-day mortality was 11.7% (n = 11). Heart transplantation was performed in 12 patients (12.8%). Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, concomitant TVR during LVAD implantation may result in excellent repair durability, which appears to be associated with low risk for RHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in low cardiac output states after cardiac surgery may aid in patient recovery. However, in some patients, the clinical state may worsen, resulting in multiple organ failure and high mortality rates. In these circumstances, calculating a model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was shown to determine organ dysfunction and predicting mortality. (2) Methods: We evaluated whether serial MELD score determination increases mortality prediction in patients with postcardiotomy ECMO support. (3) Results: Statistically, a cutoff of a 2.5 MELD score increase within 48 h of ECMO initiation revealed an AUC of 0.722. Further, we found a significant association between hospital mortality and 48 h MELD increase (HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.33–4.75, p = 0.005) after adjustment for possible confounders. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, serial MELD score determinations on alternate days may be superior to single measurements in this special patient cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]