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Background/Objectives: Sleep health has been associated with diet quality, but the relationship between chrononutrition patterns and multidimensional sleep health is unclear. This study identifies chrononutrition patterns among U.S. adults and examines their associations with multidimensional sleep health. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chrononutrition behaviors were assessed using two 24 h dietary recalls. Latent profile analysis was used to identify chrononutrition profiles. Multivariable survey regression models determined the associations between chrononutrition patterns and sleep health dimensions. Results: The sample included 5228 subjects with a median age of 49 years. Of the sample, 52% of the participants were female, and 65% were White. In adjusted models, each additional hour between wake time and first instance of eating was associated with a 19% increase in the odds of poor timing (sleep midpoint < 2:00 a.m. or >4:00 a.m.; 95% CI: 1.07–1.33) and a 21% increase in poor duration (<7 or >9 h/night; 95% CI: 1.09–1.33). Each additional hour between last eating and bedtime was associated with 9% higher odds of poor duration (95% CI: 1.03–1.16). A one-hour longer eating window was associated with 10% lower odds of poor timing (95% CI: 0.84–0.98). We identified five chrononutrition profiles: Typical Eating (reference), Early Finished Eating, Later Heavy Eating, Extended Window Eating, and Restricted Window Eating. The Later Heavy Eating profile exhibited 96% higher odds of poor timing (95% CI: 1.09–3.51) and the Restricted Window Eating profile had 94% higher odds of poor duration (95% CI: 1.10–3.43). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of unique chrononutrition patterns in relation to multidimensional sleep health. We provide a framework for future studies to identify personalized chrononutrition interventions and their role in improving sleep health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1st paragraph, 9th sentence: It was confirmed that Catalyst #1 had the highest calorific value, but it was not a catalyst combination that could be used in the pilot plant because the chlorine content exceeded the standard for hazardous substances. Therefore, in the pilot plant HTC experiment, we decided to add the catalyst at a concentration equal to or greater than 2-fold the catalyst density ratio. When the strong acid-based catalyst (Catalyst #1) was added, the calorific value was high, but the yield was lower and the amount of catalyst added was increased. [Extracted from the article]

Recently, the fourth industrial revolution has accelerated the application of multiple degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robot arms in various applications. However, it is difficult to utilize robot arms for precision motion control because of their low stiffness. External loads applied to robot arms induce deflections in the joints and links, which deteriorates the positioning accuracy. To solve this problem, control methods using a disturbance observer (DOB) with an external sensory system have been developed. However, external sensors are expensive and have low reliability because of noise and reliance on the surrounding environment. A disturbance-observer-based dual-position feedback (DOB-DPF) controller is proposed herein to improve the positioning accuracy by compensating for the deflections in real time using only an internal sensor. The DOB was designed to derive the unpredictable disturbance torque applied to each joint using the command voltage generated by the position controller. The angular deflection of each joint was calculated based on the disturbance torque and joint stiffness, which were identified experimentally. The DPF controller was designed to control the joint motor while simultaneously compensating for angular deflection. A five-DOF robot arm testbed with a position controller was constructed to verify the proposed controller. The contouring performance of the DOB-DPF controller was compared with that of a conventional position controller with an external load applied to the end effector. The increases in the root mean square values of the contour errors were 1.71 and 0.12 mm with a conventional position controller and the proposed DOB-DPF controller, respectively, after a 2.2 kg weight was applied to the end effector. The results show that the contour error caused by the external load is effectively compensated for by the DOB-DPF controller without an external sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein intake and regular exercise on low back pain (LBP) using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2367 middle-aged and older adults (≥50 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and plain radiography of the lumbar spine were included. LBP was defined using a questionnaire to determine the presence of LBP lasting more than 30 days in the preceding three months. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data were used to estimate protein intake, and regular exercise was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that men who did not perform regular exercise had a high probability of LBP (odds ratio [OR] 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–4.44). Low protein intake (<0.8 g/kg/day) was associated with high odds for LBP in women (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.12–2.99). Low protein intake and lack of regular exercise were also associated with a higher probability of LBP in women (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.48–5.72). We recommend that women over 50 years of age consume the recommended daily amount of protein to prevent LBP and engage in regular exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dure community is a traditional meeting and collaborative effort for solving tasks and issues in rural farming villages in Korea. Recently, the South Korean government has tried to revitalize Dure communities to develop tourism businesses in local provinces. Tour Dure projects aimed at revitalizing local communities and promoting sustainable economic development have been operating since 2013. Tour Dure producers, as change agents, play a critical role in the Tour Dure projects. The purpose of this study is to reveal the producers' roles in realizing community-based tourism (CBT). Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, this study analyzes the relationship between the producers' role and social capital in local communities and the subsequent impact on residents' innovativeness and life satisfaction. The results show that the producer's role is important in creating social capital, improving innovativeness, and, as a result, residents' life satisfaction. The present study suggests further implications for academics and policy makers focused on sustainable CBT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]