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In this study, we report on the isolation, purification, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of compounds from the plant species Ageratina pichinchensis. Using open-column chromatography, 11 known compounds were purified, which chemical structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (1D and 2D). All compounds were evaluated in an in vitro model of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells, measuring the nitric oxide inhibition to determine the anti-inflammatory effect. The compound betuletol 3-O-β-glucoside (11) inhibited nitric oxide with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 75.08 ± 3.07% at 75 µM; additionally, it inhibited the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and activation of the nuclear factor (NF-kβ). These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect attributed to A. pichinchensis species is promoted by compound 11, which could be considered a potential anti-inflammatory agent by suppressing the expression of NF-kβ target genes, such as those involved in the proinflammatory pathway and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inflammatory process, although beneficial, can produce tissue damage and systemic damage when uncontrolled. Effective therapeutic alternatives with little or no side effects are of great therapeutic interest. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition of bark extracts from J. cordata, an endemic plant from México, and evaluate their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were characterized by qualitative phytochemical tests, and their bioactive groups were identified by 1H NMR and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The extract's anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated as nitric oxide (NO) production and their cytotoxicity by an MTS cell proliferation assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations of 1–100 μg/mL. The hexane extract contained fatty acids, fatty esters, phytosterols, alkanes, vitamin E, and terpenoids; the ethyl acetate extract showed fatty acids, fatty esters, aromatic aldehyde, phytosterols, vitamin E, and terpenoids, while the methanolic extract showed fatty esters, fatty acid, aromatics aldehydes, and alcohol. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest inhibition of NO production, followed by the methanolic extract and the hexane extract, without affecting the viability of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results suggest that J. cordata extracts are a potential source of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]