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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer composed of glutamic acid monomer and it has garnered substantial attention in both the fields of material science and biomedicine. Its remarkable cell compatibility, degradability, and other advantageous characteristics have made it a vital component in the medical field. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the production methods, primary application forms, and medical applications of γ-PGA, drawing from numerous prior studies. Among the four production methods for PGA, microbial fermentation currently stands as the most widely employed. This method has seen various optimization strategies, which we summarize here. From drug delivery systems to tissue engineering and wound healing, γ-PGA's versatility and unique properties have facilitated its successful integration into diverse medical applications, underlining its potential to enhance healthcare outcomes. The objective of this review is to establish a foundational knowledge base for further research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indocyanine green (ICG) is an important kind of near infrared (NIR) photosensitive molecules for PTT/PDT therapy as well as imaging. When exposed to NIR light, ICG can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can kill cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the absorbed light can also be converted into heat by ICG molecules to eliminate cancer cells. In addition, it performs exceptionally well in optical imaging-guided tumor therapy and antimicrobial therapy due to its deeper tissue penetration and low photobleaching properties in the near-infrared region compared to other dyes. In order to solve the problems of water and optical stability and multi-function problem of ICG molecules, composite nanomaterials based on ICG have been designed and widely used, especially in the fields of tumors and sterilization. So far, ICG molecules and their composite materials have become one of the most famous infrared sensitive materials. However, there have been no corresponding review articles focused on ICG molecules. In this review, the molecular structure and properties of ICG, composite material design, and near-infrared light- triggered anti-tumor, and antibacterial, and clinical applications are reviewed in detail, which of great significance for related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NSGA-II algorithm was used to establish a multi-objective optimization model for the oxygen enrichment rate of a blast furnace in terms of achieving a lower fuel ratio and higher pulverized coal ratio. The model has the hearth temperature as the constraint condition and the oxygen enrichment rate as the decision variable. The NSGA-II algorithm was used to obtain the Pareto optimal solution of the multi-objective optimization scheme. The prediction effect of the optimization scheme was then tested in industrial experiments. The results show that the optimal setting of the oxygen enrichment rate predicted by the model was 2.70%, which provides an optimal fuel ratio and pulverized coal ratio of 553.86 kg·tHM−1 and 144.58 kg·tHM−1, respectively. In actual production, when the oxygen enrichment rate was set at 2.71%, an optimal fuel ratio and pulverized coal ratio of 553.74 kg·tHM−1 and 148.73 kg·tHM−1 were obtained. The relative error in the oxygen enrichment rate between the model prediction and the actual prediction was 0.003%. The prediction results of the model suggest a reduction in CO2 emissions by 25,770.71 tons per year. The CO2 emission reduction in actual production was approximately 1.09 times the prediction of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer composed of glutamic acid monomer and it has garnered substantial attention in both the fields of material science and biomedicine. Its remarkable cell compatibility, degradability, and other advantageous characteristics have made it a vital component in the medical field. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the production methods, primary application forms, and medical applications of γ-PGA, drawing from numerous prior studies. Among the four production methods for PGA, microbial fermentation currently stands as the most widely employed. This method has seen various optimization strategies, which we summarize here. From drug delivery systems to tissue engineering and wound healing, γ-PGA's versatility and unique properties have facilitated its successful integration into diverse medical applications, underlining its potential to enhance healthcare outcomes. The objective of this review is to establish a foundational knowledge base for further research in this field.