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Background/Objectives: Oral hygiene is a key factor for dental and periodontal diseases and the prognosis of any treatment to restore their consequences. The present survey aimed to evaluate how well informed patients in Albania are on oral hygiene, given the scarce evidence on this topic. Methods: This survey was performed using a Google Forms questionnaire on oral hygiene habits, type and technique of instruments used, and frequency of dental recall visits. Results: A total of 1006 questionnaires were filled in a one-month time period (January 2020) from a population of 75.2% females and 24.8% males, 32.7 ± 11.3 years of age, from whom 94.6% reported a lack of systemic diseases and 80% were non-smokers. All of the population brushed their teeth at least once daily. The most used type of toothbrush was a manual one (91.1%) with medium-bristle hardness in 71% of cases. The most prevalent way of using the toothbrush was through circular movements (36.7%) with a duration of 2–3 min in 72% of the population. Only 77.1% of the population used interdental instruments, mainly interdental floss. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it could be concluded that the present population seemed to be mostly appropriately informed, but the information needs further revision and promotion by dentists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the impact of marketing artificial intelligence (AI) and the specific channels it uses to influence the performance of Jordanian SMEs. In contrast to prior research that focused solely on the direct effects of marketing AI on organizational performance, our study introduces innovative pathways involving customer engagement, customer satisfaction, and data-driven decision-making. These channels serve as indirect mechanisms through which the impact of marketing AI extends to influence the Sustainable Financial Performance of SMEs. Using a framework for structural equation modeling, we looked at the answers of 250 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) chosen through cluster sampling from industrially active areas in Jordan. Our findings reveal that the adoption of AI technologies leads to a notable 42.5% enhancement in Sustainable Financial Performance among SMEs, driven by a 50% increase in customer engagement and a 76% improvement through data-driven decision-making processes. While our study did not establish a direct correlation between marketing AI and long-term financial performance, it demonstrated the connection between technology adoption, customer-focused strategies, and data-driven practices. The findings offer actionable insights and recommendations for Jordanian SMEs leveraging marketing AI to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth. The study offers significant contributions to how marketing AI improves the Sustainable Financial Performance of Jordanian SMEs by identifying crucial indirect pathways. Unlike previous studies, it focuses on the roles of customer engagement, satisfaction, and data-driven decision-making as mediators rather than emphasizing direct impacts. The findings highlight the importance of integrating technology with customer-centric and data-oriented strategies to drive sustainable growth and competitiveness in SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magical town designation is a distinction granted by the Mexican government to different areas that meet certain requirements that favor tourist activities. Some of these magical towns, as in the case of San Sebastian del Oeste, in Jalisco, have had different outcomes because of this distinction, and a very important one is the quality of life (QOL) of the local inhabitants, who have modified their traditional lifestyles oriented to rural activities by including tourism and all that it implies. For this reason, it is necessary to ask the following question: What has been the impact of tourism on the QOL of the local inhabitants of San Sebastian del Oeste? To answer this question, a qualitative–phenomenological methodology was used, based on interviews with local inhabitants to identify the impact of tourism on their QOL. This study found that tourism has answered some of the needs of the local population, such as economic and public services, but it is not the solution for all areas considered in QOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by astrocytes (ADEVs) mediate numerous biological processes, providing insights into damage, repair, and protection following ischemic stroke (IS). This pilot study aimed to broaden the current knowledge on the astrocyte response to ischemia by dynamically assessing the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) as cargo proteins of these vesicles in eighteen acute IS patients and nine controls. EV proteins were detected by Western blotting and followed 24 h (D1), 7 days (D7), and one month (M1) after symptoms onset. The post-ischemic ADEV AQP4 and GDNF levels were higher at D1 compared to the control group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.023). Significant differences were observed in ADEV AQP4 during the three evaluated time points (n = 12, p = 0.013) and between D1 and D7 (z = 2.858, p = 0.012), but not in EV GDNF. There was a positive relationship between the severity of stroke at D1 according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and ADEV AQP4 at D1 (r = 0.50, p = 0.031), as well as ADEV GDNF at D1 and D7 (r = 0.49, p = 0.035 and r = 0.53, p = 0.021, respectively). The release of EVs with distinct protein profiles can be an attractive platform for the development of biomarkers in IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, affects over one billion adults worldwide. It can progress to more severe conditions, like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies have highlighted the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this progression due to their ability to regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and cell proliferation. Modulating miRNAs through synthetic molecules represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Preclinical models demonstrate that miRNA-based therapies can reduce liver inflammation and fibrosis and inhibit tumorigenesis, potentially delaying or preventing HCC onset. However, challenges such as delivery mechanisms, side effects, and long-term safety remain to be addressed. This review, focusing on recent preclinical and clinical studies, explores the pharmacological potential of miRNA-based interventions to counteract MASLD/MASH and their progression to HCC. It provides insights into an emerging field with significant implications for liver disease treatment. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a growing health concern worldwide, affecting more than 1 billion adults. It may progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Emerging evidence has demonstrated the role in this transition of microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and cell proliferation. Specific miRNAs have been identified to exacerbate or mitigate fibrotic and carcinogenic processes in hepatic cells. The modulation of these miRNAs through synthetic mimics or inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Preclinical models have demonstrated that miRNA-based therapies can attenuate liver inflammation, reduce fibrosis, and inhibit tumorigenesis, thus delaying or preventing the onset of HCC. However, challenges such as delivery mechanisms, off-target effects, and long-term safety remain to be addressed. This review, focusing on recently published preclinical and clinical studies, explores the pharmacological potential of miRNA-based interventions to prevent MASLD/MASH and progression toward HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Although the changes in the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatitis B virus-related diseases have been evaluated, no study has evaluated the role of miRNAs in HBV vaccine response in MASLD patients. We aimed to determine the miRNA expression profile in MASLD patients according to HBV vaccine response. (2) Methods: Overall, 100 MASLD patients and 100 controls were included, and anti-HBs levels were measured after three doses of HBV vaccine administration. After collecting blood samples, 22 different miRNA expression profiles were analyzed by RT-PCR analysis, and changes in the expression levels of potential miRNAs were further verified in all study groups. (3) Results: The miR-146a expression level considerably increased in MASLD patients compared to the control group. Furthermore, miR-99a and miR-640 expression levels significantly increased in AntiHBs (−) healthy individuals. (4): Conclusions: miR-146a could be used as the diagnostic marker in MASLD patients. Furthermore, the miR-99a and miR-640 expression levels could predict hepatitis B vaccine response. However, validation studies are required to verify the biomarker potential of miRNAs within a more significant number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic stroke is a common and dangerous disease in clinical practice. Astrocytes (ASs) are essential for maintaining the metabolic balance of the affected regions during the disease process. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4HBA) from Gastrodia elata Bl. has potential neuroprotective properties due to its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. In an in vitro experiment, we replicated the oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model, and used methyl thiazoly tertrazolium, flow cytometry, kits, and other technical means to clarify the protective effect of 4HBA on primary ASs. In in vivo experiments, the 2VO model was replicated, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to clarify the protective effect of 4HBA on ASs and the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Differential metabolites and related pathways were screened and verified using metabolomics analysis and western blot. 4HBA noticeably amplified AS cell survival, reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitigated oxidative stress. It demonstrated a protective effect on ASs in both environments and was instrumental in stabilizing the blood–brain barrier. Metabolomic data indicated that 4HBA regulated nucleic acid and glutathione metabolism, influencing purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids, and it activated the N-methyl-D-aspartate/p-cAMP-response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway via N-methyl-D-aspartate R1/N-methyl-D-aspartate 2C receptors. Our findings suggest that 4HBA is a potent neuroprotective agent against ischemic stroke, enhancing AS cell survival and function while stabilizing the blood–brain barrier. The N-methyl-D-aspartate/p-cAMP-response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway is activated by 4HBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring high reliability and low latency poses challenges for numerous applications that require rigid performance guarantees, such as industrial automation and autonomous vehicles. Our research primarily concentrates on addressing the real-time requirements of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). Specifically, we tackle the challenge of hard delay constraints in real-time transmission systems, overcoming this obstacle through a finite blocklength coding scheme. In the physical layer, we encode randomly arriving packets using a variable-length coding scheme and transmit the encoded symbols by truncated channel inversion over parallel channels. In the network layer, we model the encoding and transmission processes as tandem queues. These queues backlog the data bits waiting to be encoded and the encoded symbols to be transmitted, respectively. This way, we represent the system as a two-dimensional Markov chain. By focusing on instances when the symbol queue is empty, we simplify the Markov chain into a one-dimensional Markov chain, with the packet queue being the system state. This approach allows us to analytically express power consumption and formulate a power minimization problem under hard delay constraints. Finally, we propose a heuristic algorithm to solve the problem and provide an extensive evaluation of the trade-offs between the hard delay constraint and power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review starts off with the first germline homozygous variants of the Nucleoporin 98 gene (NUP98) in siblings whose clinical presentation recalls Rothmund–Thomson (RTS) and Werner (WS) syndromes. The progeroid phenotype caused by a gene associated with haematological malignancies and neurodegenerative disorders primed the search for interplay between caretakers involved in genome instability syndromes and Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) components. In the context of basic information on NPC architecture and functions, we discuss the studies on the interdependence of caretakers and gatekeepers in WS and Hereditary Fibrosing Poikiloderma (POIKTMP), both entering in differential diagnosis with RTS. In WS, the WRN/WRNIP complex interacts with nucleoporins of the Y-complex and NDC1 altering NPC architecture. In POIKTMP, the mutated FAM111B, recruited by the Y-complex's SEC13 and NUP96, interacts with several Nups safeguarding NPC structure. The linkage of both defective caretakers to the NPC highlights the attempt to activate a repair hub at the nuclear periphery to restore the DNA damage. The two separate WS and POIKTMP syndromes are drawn close by the interaction of their damage sensors with the NPC and by the shared hallmark of short fragile telomeres disclosing a major role of both caretakers in telomere maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines residents' perceptions of tourism development in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia, focusing on its benefits and costs, guided by social exchange theory. The objective is to explore how the perceived impacts of tourism development, along with external factors such as community attachment, residents' knowledge of tourism development, and community involvement, affect locals' satisfaction with tourism and their intention to support tourism development. A survey of 427 locals, analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), reveals a positive correlation between community attachment and the perceived benefits from tourism. Residents' knowledge about tourism is linked to perceived benefits, but not to perceived costs, and community involvement does not significantly impact perceptions. Perceived benefits positively influence support for tourism, while perceived costs have a negative effect. Residents' satisfaction with tourism, shaped by their perceptions of the benefits and costs, influences their future support for tourism initiatives. The theoretical implications highlight social exchange theory's role in understanding community perceptions, while the practical implications emphasize inclusive and transparent tourism planning to gain local support. These results underscore the importance of considering locals' perceptions and satisfaction in both current and future tourism planning and development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osseointegration is fundamental to achieving successful implant therapy in dentistry. However, the heat generated during implant placement emerges as a critical factor predisposing to implant failure. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the different factors related to heat generation during implant placement, offering insights to clinicians in their daily clinical practice. Methods: Utilizing the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, we conducted an electronic search for articles published between January 2013 and December 2023. The analysis focused on several factors including bone type, drill shape, drill speed, drill material, drilling force, osteotomy depth, drill load, drilling technique (intermittent or continuous), presence of a surgical guide, irrigation methods, drill wear, and preparation tools available. Results: Initially, 2525 records were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and full-text assessment, 93 articles were included in this scoping review. Additionally, some articles published before 2013 were incorporated in the bibliography to ensure completeness of the review. Conclusions: Heat generation during implant placement arises from a complex interplay of multiple factors. While irrigation and bone hardness appear to be crucial determinants of heat generation during the osteotomy phase, the involvement of other factors remains less clear. Further studies are needed to better understand the precise contribution of these factors towards increasing temperature at the implant site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension and cardiovascular disease are prominent features of chronic kidney disease, and they are associated with premature mortality and progression toward end-stage kidney disease. Renalase, an enzyme secreted predominantly by the kidney and identified in 2005, seems to be one of the missing pieces in the puzzle of heart and kidney interaction in chronic kidney disease by lowering blood pressure and reducing the overactivity of sympathetic tone. This review aims to summarize evidence from clinical studies performed on subjects with CKD in order to explore the value of renalase as a marker and/or a therapeutic target in this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an early warning sign of stroke and death, necessitating suitable animal models due to the associated clinical diagnostic challenges. In this study, we developed a TIA model using flexible spatially targeted photothrombosis combined with real-time blood flow imaging feedback. By modulating the excitation light using wavefront technology, we precisely created a square light spot (50 × 250 µm), targeted at the distal middle cerebral artery (dMCA). The use of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) provided real-time feedback on the ischemia, while the excitation light was ceased upon reaching complete occlusion. Our results demonstrated that the photothrombus formed in the dMCA and spontaneously recanalized within 10 min (416.8 ± 96.4 s), with no sensorimotor deficits or infarction 24 h post-TIA. During the acute phase, ischemic spreading depression occurred in the ipsilateral dorsal cortex, leading to more severe ischemia and collateral circulation establishment synchronized with the onset of dMCA narrowing. Post-reperfusion, the thrombi were primarily in the sensorimotor and visual cortex, disappearing within 24 h. The blood flow changes in the dMCA were more indicative of cortical ischemic conditions than diameter changes. Our method successfully establishes a photochemical TIA model based on the dMCA, allowing for the dynamic observation and control of thrombus formation and recanalization and enabling real-time monitoring of the impacts on cerebral blood flow during the acute phase of TIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: We show how the relationship between the sub-network entropy of malignant up-regulated genes in twelve different types of cancer, spanning the entire spectrum of 5-year overall survival rates, can serve as a benchmark for optimizing RNA-seq workflows. Assessing the Shannon entropy of sub-networks formed by malignant up-regulated genes by several RNA-seq workflow approaches, such as DESeq2 and edgeR, but also by evaluating nine normalization methods on paired samples of TCGA RNA-seq, we found that the pipeline incorporating TPM normalization coupled with log2 fold change yielded the best correlation coefficient between cancer aggressiveness and tumor entropy. RNA-seq faces persistent challenges due to the ongoing, expanding array of data processing workflows, none of which have yet achieved standardization to date. It is imperative to determine which method most effectively preserves biological facts. Here, we used Shannon entropy as a tool for depicting the biological status of a system. Thus, we assessed the measurement of Shannon entropy by several RNA-seq workflow approaches, such as DESeq2 and edgeR, but also by combining nine normalization methods with log2 fold change on paired samples of TCGA RNA-seq representing datasets of 515 patients and spanning 12 different cancer types with 5-year overall survival rates ranging from 20% to 98%. Our analysis revealed that TPM, RLE, and TMM normalization, coupled with a threshold of log2 fold change ≥1, for identifying differentially expressed genes, yielded the best results. We propose that Shannon entropy can serve as an objective metric for refining the optimization of RNA-seq workflows and mRNA sequencing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TP53 gene is renowned as a tumor suppressor, playing a pivotal role in overseeing the cell cycle, apoptosis, and maintaining genomic stability. Dysregulation of p53 often contributes to the initiation and progression of various cancers, including lung cancer (LC) subtypes. The review explores the intricate relationship between p53 and its role in the development and progression of LC. p53, a crucial tumor suppressor protein, exists in various isoforms, and understanding their distinct functions in LC is essential for advancing our knowledge of this deadly disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive literature overview of p53, its relevance to LC, and potential clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminium alloys have a wide range of applications, mainly due to their advantageous strength-to-weight ratio, denoted as specific strength and corrosion resistance. In recent decades, there has been a notable surge in the usage of recycled alloys, attributed to their reduced production costs and emissions. One of the conditions for secondary production is the optimal sorting of used scrap. Once the aluminium scrap has been melted, it is tough to reduce the content of the various additives. Copper is the primary alloying element in some aluminium alloys, which leads to an increased amount of copper in the aluminium scrap. Therefore, it is important to investigate its effect on the properties of aluminium alloys in which it is not commonly present. For this reason, this paper is concerned with the influence of copper on the microstructure and properties of the secondary aluminium alloy AlZn10Si8Mg. Specifically, it compares two melts of self-hardening AlZn10Si8Mg alloys differing in copper content (0.019% and 1.72%). A complex quantitative and metallographic analysis by optical and electron microscopy has been performed. Mechanical properties were investigated by tensile test, Brinell hardness, and Vickers microhardness measurements. The corrosion resistance of the individual melts was verified by the Audi test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review is to identify the microbiological alterations caused by various therapy modalities by critically analyzing the current findings. We limited our search to English-language papers published between 1 January 2004 and 7 May 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science that were relevant to our topic. In the search approach, the Boolean keywords "microbio*" AND "periodontitis" were used. A total of 5152 papers were obtained from the databases Web of Science (2205), PubMed (1793), and Scopus (1154). This resulted in 3266 articles after eliminating duplicates (1886), and 1411 entries were eliminated after their titles and abstracts were examined. The qualitative analysis of the 22 final articles is included in this study. Research on periodontal disease shows that periodontitis alters the oral microbiome and increases antibiotic resistance. Treatments like scaling and root planing (SRP), especially when combined with minocycline, improve clinical outcomes by reducing harmful bacteria. Comprehensive mechanical debridement with antibiotics, probiotics, EMD with bone grafts, and other adjunctive therapies enhances periodontal health. Personalized treatment strategies and advanced microbial analyses are crucial for effective periodontal management and antibiotic resistance control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utility of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been extensively studied in recent years. Here, we aimed to assess its potential role as a cargo protein of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by astrocytes (ADEVs) in response to brain ischemia. Plasma samples from eighteen AIS patients at 24 h (D1), 7 days (D7), and one month (M1) post-symptoms onset, and nine age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factor-matched healthy controls were obtained to isolate EVs using the Exoquick ULTRA EV kit. Subsets of presumed ADEVs were identified further by the expression of the glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) as a specific marker of astrocytes with the Basic Exo-Flow Capture kit. Western blotting has tested the presence of GFAP in ADEV cargo. Post-stroke ADEV GFAP levels were elevated at D1 and D7 but not M1 compared to controls (p = 0.007, p = 0.019, and p = 0.344, respectively). Significant differences were highlighted in ADEV GFAP content at the three time points studied (n = 12, p = 0.027) and between D1 and M1 (z = 2.65, p = 0.023). A positive correlation was observed between the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at D7 and ADEV GFAP at D1 (r = 0.58, p = 0.010) and D7 (r = 0.57, p = 0.013), respectively. ADEV GFAP may dynamically reflect changes during the first month post-ischemia. Profiling ADEVs from peripheral blood could provide a new way to assess the central nervous system pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show that probiotics positively impact clinical parameters of oral diseases such as gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis. However, the working mechanism of probiotics is not fully understood, but is hypothesized to be mediated by direct and indirect interactions with the oral microbiota and the human host. In the present narrative review, we focused on the microbiological effect of probiotic supplements based on data retrieved from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In addition, we assessed to what extent contemporary molecular methods have been employed in clinical trials in the field of oral probiotics. Multiple RCTs have been performed studying the potential effect of probiotics on gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis, as evaluated by microbial endpoints. In general, results are conflicting, with some studies reporting a positive effect, whereas others are not able to record any effect. Major differences in terms of study designs and sample size, as well as delivery route, frequency, and duration of probiotic consumption, hamper comparison across studies. In addition, most RCTs have been performed with a limited sample size using relatively simple methods for microbial identification, such as culturing, qPCR, and DNA–DNA checkerboard, while high-throughput methods such as 16S sequencing have only been employed in a few studies. Currently, state-of-the-art molecular methods such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics have not yet been used in RCTs in the field of probiotics. The present narrative review revealed that the effect of probiotic supplements on the oral microbiota remains largely uncovered. One important reason is that most RCTs are performed without studying the microbiological effect. To facilitate future systematic reviews and meta-analyses, an internationally agreed core outcome set for the reporting of microbial endpoints in clinical trials would be desirable. Such a standardized collection of outcomes would most likely improve the quality of probiotic research in the oral context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on customer perceptions and behavior in restaurants, airline companies, and hotel sectors within the hospitality industry of Iran. The primary objective is to analyze how AI affects customer trust, brand engagement, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), and tourists' readiness to use AI technologies. Using a comparative analysis approach and surveys, this research tests hypotheses about the effects of artificial intelligence on various dimensions of customer interaction. The findings highlight significant relationships between the quality of artificial intelligence and customer engagement metrics, such as trust and brand loyalty, which are crucial for understanding and predicting customer behavior in response to technological advancements. This study lays the groundwork for theoretical assumptions about sustainability in these sectors in developing countries, providing a basis for future empirical research that could validate these assumptions and explore broader implications of AI integration in enhancing sustainable practices within the hospitality industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotic microorganisms are used in a variety of food supplements and medical formulations to promote human health. In periodontal therapy, probiotics are mainly used in the form of gels, tablets or rinses that often tend to leak from the periodontal pocket, resulting in a strongly reduced therapeutic effect. In this pilot in vitro study, we present biodegradable alginate-based particles as an alternative, highly efficient system for a periodontal delivery of probiotic bacteria to the inflammation site. For this purpose, Lactococcus (L.) lactis was encapsulated using a standardized pump-controlled extrusion-dripping method. Time-dependent bacterial release in artificial saliva was investigated over 9 days. The effect of freeze drying was explored to ensure long-term storage of L. lactis-loaded particles. Additionally, the particles were bound to dentin surface using approved bioadhesives and subjected to shear stress in a hydrodynamic flow chamber that mimics the oral cavity in vitro. Thus, round particles within the range of 0.80–1.75 mm in radius could be produced, whereby the diameter of the dripping tip had the most significant impact on the size. Although both small and large particles demonstrated a similar release trend of L. lactis, the release rate was significantly higher in the former. Following lyophilization, particles could restore their original shape within 4 h in artificial saliva; thereby, the bacterial viability was not affected. The attachment strength to dentin intensified by an adhesive could resist forces between 10 and 25 N/m2. Full degradation of the particles was observed after 20 days in artificial saliva. Therefore, alginate particles display a valuable probiotic carrier for periodontal applications that have several crucial advantages over existing preparations: a highly stable form, prolonged continuous release of therapeutic bacteria, precise manufacturing according to required dimensions at the application site, strong attachment to the tooth with low risk of dislocation, high biocompatibility and biodegradability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the perceptions of employees in the hotel industry of the Republic of Serbia regarding the acceptance and importance of artificial intelligence (AI). Through a modified UTAUT model and the application of structural equation analysis (SEM), we investigated the key factors shaping AI acceptance. Research results show that behavioral intention and habit show a significant positive impact on AI usage behavior, while facilitating conditions have a limited but measurable impact on behavioral intention. Other factors, including social influence, hedonic motivation, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy, have minimal influence on the examined variables. The analysis reveals the crucial mediating role of behavioral intention, effectively bridging the gap between various predictors and AI usage behavior, thereby highlighting its significance in the broader context of technology adoption in the hotel industry. The primary goal of the study, which closes significant research gaps, as well as the manner in which it uses a specific model and statistical analysis to accomplish this goal, shows how innovative the work is. This method not only broadens the field's understanding but also offers valuable insights for shaping sustainable development practices in the hospitality sector in the Republic of Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a clinical effect of Lactobacillus reuteri in supportive periodontal therapy can already be detected with a minimum dose of one tablet a day and a minimum observation and intake period of 3 months. Materials and Methods: 28 patients with stage III and IV periodontitis undergoing periodontal follow-up were randomly divided into two groups receiving a lozenge containing L. reuteri or a placebo preparation daily for 90 days. After 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the parameters bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque control record (PCR), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded in the test and control groups. Results: The results sed a different effect of L. reuteri on the respective patients. In certain patients, clinical parameters worsened or remained largely unchanged. However, in other patients, there were positive effects on the clinical parameters. In the overall analysis, BoP was the only clinical parameter that was statistically significantly reduced. Conclusions: The oral administration of one lozenge per day for 3 months with L. reuteri in supportive periodontal therapy might have a positive influence on clinical parameters in supportive periodontal therapy, depending on the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics, known to be live microorganisms, have been shown to improve or restore the gut microbiota, which in turn has been linked to improved health. It is believed that probiotics are the modern equivalent of a panacea, with claims that they may treat or prevent different diseases both in children and adults (e.g., from colic in babies to cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, and cancer in adults). Ever since the early 2000s, probiotic-based fermented foods have had a resurgence in popularity, mostly due to claims made regarding their health benefits. Fermented foods have been associated with the prevention of irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance, gastroenteritis, and obesity, but also other conditions such as chronic diarrhea, allergies, dermatitis, and bacterial and viral infections, all of which are closely related to an unhealthy lifestyle. Recent and ongoing developments in microbiome/microbiota science have given us new research directions for probiotics. The new types, mechanisms, and applications studied so far, and those currently under study, have a great potential to change scientific understanding of probiotics' nutritional applications and human health care. The expansion of fields related to the study of the microbiome and the involvement of probiotics in its improvement foreshadow an era of significant changes. An expanding range of candidate probiotic species is emerging that can address newly elucidated data-driven microbial niches and host targets. In the probiotic field, new variants of microbiome-modulating interventions are being developed, including prebiotics, symbiotics, postbiotics, microbial consortia, live biotherapeutic products, and genetically modified organisms, with renewed interest in polyphenols, fibers, and fermented foods to ensure human health. This manuscript aims to analyze recent, emerging, and anticipated trends in probiotics (sources, doses, mechanism of action, diseases for which probiotics are administered, side effects, and risks) and create a vision for the development of related areas of influence in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The image texture features obtained from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) images of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have revealed tumor heterogeneity. A combination of genomic data and radiomics may improve the prediction of tumor prognosis. This study aimed to predict NSCLC metastasis using a graph neural network (GNN) obtained by combining a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network based on gene expression data and image texture features. 18F-FDG PET/CT images and RNA sequencing data of 93 patients with NSCLC were acquired from The Cancer Imaging Archive. Image texture features were extracted from 18F-FDG PET/CT images and area under the curve receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each image feature was calculated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct gene modules, followed by functional enrichment analysis and identification of differentially expressed genes. The PPI of each gene module and genes belonging to metastasis-related processes were converted via a graph attention network. Images and genomic features were concatenated. The GNN model using PPI modules from WGCNA and metastasis-related functions combined with image texture features was evaluated quantitatively. Fifty-five image texture features were extracted from 18F-FDG PET/CT, and radiomic features were selected based on AUC (n = 10). Eighty-six gene modules were clustered by WGCNA. Genes (n = 19) enriched in the metastasis-related pathways were filtered using DEG analysis. The accuracy of the PPI network, derived from WGCNA modules and metastasis-related genes, improved from 0.4795 to 0.5830 (p < 2.75 × 10−12). Integrating PPI of four metastasis-related genes with 18F-FDG PET/CT image features in a GNN model elevated its accuracy over a without image feature model to 0.8545 (95% CI = 0.8401–0.8689, p-value < 0.02). This model demonstrated significant enhancement compared to the model using PPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT derived from WGCNA (p-value < 0.02), underscoring the critical role of metastasis-related genes in prediction model. The enhanced predictive capability of the lymph node metastasis prediction GNN model for NSCLC, achieved through the integration of comprehensive image features with genomic data, demonstrates promise for clinical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a unique sample of 13,412 firm-year observations from 19 countries of the emerging economies for the period of 2011 to 2019, we investigate the association between the firms' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and their value creation in the product market. Specifically, we first used the pooled OLS regression model for panel data as our baseline model and found that ESG performance (as well as its pillars) has a strong positive effect on the future value creation of the firms in the product market. We also conducted some additional analyses using various regression models, as well as adopting multiple tests for endogeneity, and the additional analyses revealed that the results are robust under different scenarios. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the importance of firm-level ESG performance for the value creation of firms in the product market in emerging economies and have theoretical and practical implications for academic researchers, market participants, and government entities in studying, evaluating, and governing firms' ESG performance and reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve carbon reduction efficiency, green hotels adopt cash discount incentives to encourage green customer behavior. However, the effectiveness of these incentives in promoting green customer behavior has been controversial. Prior studies argue that customer participation in green hotel practices typically involves specific sacrifices (e.g., inconvenience, lesser quality, or less luxury), going against the hedonism of tourism. Therefore, in the context of hotel carbon reduction, this study adopts mathematical modeling to investigate the impacts of customer-perceived experience sacrifice on the effectiveness of cash discount incentives. By performing backward reasoning, the study obtained the optimal pricing decisions of a green hotel, and based on which the study also observed the impact of effective discount incentives on hotel performance. It was found that cash discount incentives are effective if discounts are higher than the experience sacrifice value perceived by customers, and vice versa. Furthermore, (a proportion of) total cost savings can moderate the relationship between customer-perceived sacrifice and the effectiveness of discount incentives. The study also found that effective discount incentives always help a green hotel increase profit and occupancy, whereas whether these incentives help to reduce total carbon emissions depends on various factors that interact with each other. Findings provide a reference for green hotels to make optimal decisions on discount incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the factors associated with trust in AI algorithms used in the e-commerce industry in Romania. The motivation for conducting this analysis arose from the observation of a research gap in the Romanian context regarding this specific topic. The researchers utilized a non-probability convenience sample of 486 college students enrolled at a public university in Romania, who participated in a web-based survey focusing on their attitudes towards AI in e-commerce. The findings obtained from an ordinal logistic model indicated that trust in AI is significantly influenced by factors such as transparency, familiarity with other AI technologies, perceived usefulness of AI recommenders, and the students' field of study. To ensure widespread acceptance and adoption by consumers, it is crucial for e-commerce companies to prioritize building trust in these new technologies. This study makes significant contributions to our understanding of how young consumers in Romania perceive and evaluate AI algorithms utilized in the e-commerce sector. The findings provide valuable guidance for e-commerce practitioners in Romania seeking to effectively leverage AI technologies while building trust among their target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residents' attitudes towards tourism are heterogeneous, although most studies do not focus their analysis on analyzing this variability. The segmentation of residents based on their attitudes has sought to determine the existing profiles within the local society of tourist destinations and their quantitative importance. The aim of this article is to carry out a segmentation of Ibiza residents according to their attitudes towards tourism. In this case, it seeks to analyze the existing heterogeneity in the local society of a mature and highly mediated tourist destination. Ibiza is a Spanish island in the Western Mediterranean with a surface area of 572 km and 150,000 inhabitants. It receives three million tourists a year, making it one of the most internationally known tourist destinations. The methodology used is a descending hierarchical cluster analysis (Howard-Harris algorithm) on a sample of 418 residents selected by a random procedure. The analysis has made it possible to identify five groups with opinions ranging from the most favorable towards tourism (enthusiastic supporters) to the most adverse (critics), with several intermediate groups (interested supporters, supporters with nuanced opinions, and neutrals). The most numerous groups are the supporters with nuanced opinions (23.0%), called by other authors "realists" for being aware of both the positive and negative impacts, and the critics (23.4%) concerned about the negative impacts. The minority group is the neutrals (13.6%). These proportions are plausible given the fact that it is a mature and highly crowded destination. This heterogeneity of attitudes should remind us that, in societies, there are always very different personal situations that will generate very different attitudes, and it is essential to know this social heterogeneity in order to manage the tourist destination correctly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating a new irrigation system into a surgical guide and monitor its effect on heat generation during implant bed preparation. A total of 48 surgically guided osteotomies were performed on 12 bovine ribs divided into 4 groups, using different irrigation techniques: Group A (test) had entry and exit channels incorporated into the guide; Group B had a similar design with an entry channel only; Group C had conventional external irrigation; and Group D (control) had no irrigation. Heat generation during the osteotomies was measured using thermocouples placed at a depth of 2 mm and 6 mm. The lowest mean temperature was observed in Group A (22.1 °C at 2 mm and 21.4 °C at 6 mm), which was statistically significant when compared with Groups C and D (p < 0.001). Group A showed a lower mean temperature compared with Group B as well; however, it was statistically significant only at 6 mm depth (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the proposed surgical guide has significantly reduced heat generation during implant osteotomy compared to conventional external irrigation. The integration of an exit cooling channel can resolve limitations found in previously designed surgical guides such as debris blockage and can be easily incorporated into computer designing and 3D printing software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral probiotic lactic acid bacteria can exhibit antagonistic activities against pathogens associated with diseases in the oral cavity. Therefore, twelve previously isolated oral strains were assessed for antagonistic evaluation against selected oral test microorganisms Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Two separate co-culturing analyses were performed, where all tested strains showed the presence of antagonistic activity and four strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum N 2, TC 3-11, and NA 2-2, and Weissella confusa NN 1, significantly inhibited Streptococcus mutans by 3–5 logs. The strains showed antagonistic activity against Candida albicans, and all exhibited pathogen inhibition by up to 2 logs. Co-aggregation capability was assessed, showing co-aggregative properties with the selected pathogens. Biofilm formation and antibiofilm activity of the tested strains against the oral pathogens were assayed, where the strains showed specificity in self-biofilm formation and well-expressed antibiofilm properties by most of them above 79% and 50% against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. The tested LAB strains were assayed by a KMnO4 antioxidant bioassay, where most of the native cell-free supernatants exhibited total antioxidant capacity. These results show that five tested strains are promising candidates to be included in new functional probiotic products for oral healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the actual efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on the periodontal clinical parameters when used concomitantly to the nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Searches were conducted through PubMed Central, Online Knowledge Library, Science Direct, Scielo, and Cochrane databases from 2012 to 2022. The focused question was "In patients with periodontitis, will the probiotic L. reuteri, when administrated as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment, compared to the nonsurgical periodontal treatment alone, result in better clinical outcomes?" The following information was extracted from the articles: author and year of publication, type of study, follow-up, sample size and number of defects, and clinical characteristics and details. All included studies were qualitatively assessed using the Critical Appraisal tools according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Twenty-four articles were full-text reading, but only 9 articles were included. The number of patients enrolled was 287, aged between 18 and 56 years. All periodontal parameters were evaluated. The "follow-up" varied (14, 40, 84, 90, 180, and 360 days). Most articles supported the clinical benefits of L. reuteri as an adjunct to SRP compared to SRP alone. A common finding at the beginning period was thatno statistically different results were observed between the test and control groups; otherwise, at the last period, a significant improvement was found in favor of the probiotic use (p = 0.001) for all the clinical parameters. The use of L. reuteri as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment may result in significantly better clinical outcomes than nonsurgical periodontal treatment alone; but the conclusion must be carefully interpreted because of the heterogeneity found among the studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysfunctional hepatic metabolism has been linked to numerous diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, which can progress to hepatic fibrosis, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the liver secretes a wide array of metabolites, biomolecules, and microRNAs (miRNAs) and many of these secreted factors exert significant effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the involvement of liver-derived miRNAs in biological processes with an emphasis on delineating the communication between the liver and other tissues associated with metabolic disease progression. Furthermore, the review identifies the primary molecular targets by which miRNAs act. These consolidated findings from numerous studies provide insight into the underlying mechanism of various metabolic disease progression and suggest the possibility of using circulatory miRNAs as prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for improving clinical intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the characteristics of global coverage, on-demand access, and large capacity, the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication (SatCom) has become one promising technology to support the Internet-of-Things (IoT). However, due to the scarcity of satellite spectrum and the high cost of designing satellites, it is difficult to launch a dedicated satellite for IoT communications. To facilitate IoT communications over LEO SatCom, in this paper, we propose the cognitive LEO satellite system, where the IoT users act as the secondary user to access the legacy LEO satellites and cognitively use the spectrum of the legacy LEO users. Due to the flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA) in multiple access and the wide use of CDMA in LEO SatCom, we apply CDMA to support cognitive satellite IoT communications. For the cognitive LEO satellite system, we are interested in the achievable rate analysis and resource allocation. Specifically, considering the randomness of spreading codes, we use the random matrix theory to analyze the asymptotic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) and accordingly obtain the achievable rates for both legacy and IoT systems. The power of the legacy and IoT transmissions at the receiver are jointly allocated to maximize the sum rate of the IoT transmission subject to the legacy satellite system performance requirement and the maximum received power constraints. We prove that the sum rate of the IoT users is quasi-concave over the satellite terminal receive power, based on which the optimal receive powers for these two systems are derived. Finally, the resource allocation scheme proposed in this paper has been verified by extensive simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using networks to analyze time series has become increasingly popular in recent years. Univariate and multivariate time series can be mapped to networks in order to examine both local and global behaviors. Visibility graph-based time series analysis is proposed herein; in this approach, individual time series are mapped to visibility graphs that characterize relevant states. Companies listed on the emerging market index Borsa Istanbul 100 (BIST 100) had their market visibility graphs collected. To further account for the local extreme values of the underlying time series, we constructed a novel kernel function of the visibility graphs. Via the provided novel measure, sector-level and sector-to-sector analyses are conducted using the kernel function associated with this metric. To examine sectoral trends, the COVID-19 crisis period was included in the study's data set. The findings indicate that an effective strategy for analyzing financial time series has been devised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the high amount of Greenhouse Gas emissions, a more sustainable individual lifestyle is crucial. However, existing research regarding pro-environmental behaviors rarely focuses on a reduction in consumption. Hence, this study investigated different variables (e.g., habits, estimated efficacy of measures, estimated danger of climate change) that might enhance people's willingness to cut back on several private consumptions for the sake of the environment. In a German-speaking online survey (n = 435), different areas of consumption were looked at separately in different regression models. Additionally, we investigated whether a randomized highlighting of climate change consequences could further increase willingness to implement private cut-backs, which could not be confirmed in subsequent variance analyses. Overall, some variables seem to be connected with a higher willingness to implement cut-backs in most consumption areas and on several levels (e.g., estimated efficacy); other predictors are only involved in specific cut-backs and specific levels (e.g., materialism). Furthermore, different variables seem to be of importance when it comes to already implemented consumption restrictions as opposed to willingness to implement further cut-backs. These results lead to the conclusion that, in order to maximize mitigation potential, it is important to tailor suggestions to the area of consumption. Additionally, for most areas, awareness of the mitigation efficacy of the respective behavior seems crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines how subjective norms, effort expectations, and performance expectations affect perceived value and quality of hospitality service experiences provided by service robots. Later, the experience quality and perceived value on customers' overall satisfaction determine the plans to repurchase AI (Artificial Intelligence) services in the hotels. A total of 331 valid responses were gathered from hotel customers who had experience with service robots using a purposive sampling strategy. The salient findings of PLS-SEM indicate that subjective norms, effort expectations, and performance expectations all considerably improve the perceived value and quality of experiences. Furthermore, hotel customers' overall satisfaction with services provided by robots is significantly impacted by experience quality and perceived value. Finally, overall satisfaction considerably increases customers' preference to repurchase those services. This present study added significance for hotels on customer AI service robots repurchase intention that may deliver a preliminary blueprint for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease (PD) is a complex and infectious illness that begins with a disruption of bacterial homeostasis. This disease induces a host inflammatory response, leading to damage of the soft and connective tooth-supporting tissues. Moreover, in advanced cases, it can contribute to tooth loss. The aetiological factors of PDs have been widely researched, but the pathogenesis of PD has still not been totally clarified. There are a number of factors that have an effect on the aetiology and pathogenesis of PD. It is purported that microbiological, genetic susceptibility and lifestyle can determine the development and severity of the disease. The human body's defence response to the accumulation of plaque and its enzymes is known to be a major factor for PD. The oral cavity is colonised by a characteristic and complex microbiota that grows as diverse biofilms on all mucosal and dental surfaces. The aim of this review was to provide the latest updates in the literature regarding still-existing problems with PD and to highlight the role of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Better awareness and knowledge of the causes of dysbiosis, environmental risk factors and periodontal therapy can reduce the growing worldwide prevalence of PDs. The promotion of good oral hygiene, limiting smoking, alcohol consumption and exposure to stress and comprehensive treatment to decrease the pathogenicity of oral biofilm can help reduce PD as well as other diseases. Evidence linking disorders of the oral microbiome to various systemic diseases has increased the understanding of the importance of the oral microbiome in regulating many processes in the human body and, thus, its impact on the development of many diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria are widely studied microorganisms and are one of the prevalent groups of bacteria in the oral cavity microbiome. This work aimed to isolate new lactic acid bacterial strains from the human oral cavity and evaluate their characteristics and probiotic potential. Twelve strains were isolated and identified as belonging to several genera in the family Lactobacillaceae. Screening for antimicrobial activity was held, where two of the strains showed antagonistic activity against Streptococcus mutans and most of the strains expressed inhibition against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. The ability of the studied strains to autoaggregate and bind to mucin was assessed, showing autoaggregative properties and mucin binding at 5 logs CFU/mL. The survival ability in simulated oral and gastrointestinal conditions and growth dynamics with different gastrointestinal stress factors was studied. Most of the strains showed a good growth potential in the presence of oral and gastrointestinal stress factors. All tested strains exhibited high survival rates in the simulated oral environment, thus having the potential for colonizing the oral cavity and their beneficial properties to be applied. These results are a good basis for continuing the research into these strains so they can be included in new functional products for oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community residents' support is one of the key factors affecting the development of tourist destinations. A clear understanding of influencing factors and internal transmission mechanisms in community residents' support for tourism can lend to a theoretical basis and reference for tourism management departments to formulate relevant policies. It is therefore conducive to the rapid recovery and sustainable development of tourism amidst the intermittent outbreaks of COVID-19 pandemic. Taking Guilin as the site for a case study, this study examined the effect of local residents' perceptions of risks due to the COVID-19 pandemic, benefits of tourism and residents' participation in it, government trust, and support for tourism. In particular, the intermediary role of residents' tourism participation and the moderating role of government trust has been explored. A total of 383 residents in Guilin City were selected as the sample for hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that perceived risks had a significant negative impact on support for tourism, but no significant impact on resident participation. Tourism's perceived benefits had a significant positive impact on both support for and participation in tourism, and residents' participation played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived benefits of and support for tourism. Government trust played a significant moderating role in the relationship between tourism's perceived benefits and residents' participation, between perceived benefits and support for tourism, and between residents' participation in and support for tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism development involves both positive and negative impacts on economic, social and natural environments, which represent essential pillars for sustainable development. It is in this context that the present research was conducted in the Adjara Mountain area of Georgia aiming to identify residents' perception towards tourism development. An online survey was conducted among 620 residents. The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. As such, the results of the principal component analysis led to a two-factor solution: "positive effects" and "negative effects". Older and more educated respondents perceived the impacts of tourism development more positively compared to the younger group and to the less educated one. A statistically significant difference was found between females and males regarding their perception of the positive impacts of tourism development. The study represents a first step in investigating the residents' perception towards tourism development in the Adjara Mountain region, and the results could constitute a starting point for future tourism strategies in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer accounts for numerous deaths each year, and it is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, despite many breakthroughs in the discovery of novel anticancer candidates. Each new year the FDA approves the use of new drugs for cancer treatments. In the last years, the biological targets of anticancer agents have started to be clearer and one of these main targets is tubulin protein; this protein plays an essential role in cell division, as well as in intracellular transportation. The inhibition of microtubule formation by targeting tubulin protein induces cell death by apoptosis. In the last years, numerous novel structures were designed and synthesized to target tubulin, and this can be achieved by inhibiting the polymerization or depolymerization of the microtubules. In this review article, recent novel compounds that have antiproliferation activities against a panel of cancer cell lines that target tubulin are explored in detail. This review article emphasizes the recent developments of tubulin inhibitors, with insights into their antiproliferative and anti-tubulin activities. A full literature review shows that tubulin inhibitors are associated with properties in the inhibition of cancer cell line viability, inducing apoptosis, and good binding interaction with the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Furthermore, some drugs, such as cabazitaxel and fosbretabulin, have been approved by FDA in the last three years as tubulin inhibitors. The design and development of efficient tubulin inhibitors is progressively becoming a credible solution in treating many species of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare form of adrenal Cushing's syndrome with incomplete penetrance which may be sporadic or autosomal dominant. The inactivation of the ARMC5 gene, a potential tumor suppressor gene, is one of the associated causes of PMAH. This study aimed to identify the variant responsible for Iranian familial PMAH. Methods: The proband, a 44-year-old woman, was directed to whole-exome sequencing (WES) of the blood sample to discover a germline variant. In addition, the identified causative variant was confirmed and segregated in other and available unaffected family members. Results: The novel germline heterozygous missense variant, c.2105C>A in the ARMC5 gene, was found, and the same germline variant as the proband was confirmed in two affected sisters. This variant was detected in the brother of the proband with an asymptomatic condition and this considered because of incomplete penetrance and age-dependent appearance. The function of the ARMC5 protein would be damaged by the identified variant, according to in silico and computer analyses that followed. Conclusion: The new germline ARMC5 variation (c.2105C>A, (p. Ala702Glu)) was interpreted as a likely pathogenic variant based on ACMG and Sherloc standards. PMAH may be diagnosed early using genetic testing that shows inherited autosomal dominant mutations in the ARMC5 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The thermal effect correlated with implant osteotomy could produce significant effects on the healing process and fixture osseointegration. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the heat generation and surface wearing of dental implant drills and manual tappers during simulated osteotomies on animal ribs. Methods: Steel drills (20 units per type) and tappers (20 units per type) were evaluated for a total of 30 osteotomies. The infrared thermal analysis was performed at the first and thirtieth osteotomy. The surface alteration and wearing was assessed by energy dispersive spectroscopy–scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM) prior to and after use. Conclusions: The drill material produced a non-significant temperature change during bone osteotomy. Lower heating was reported for manual tappers in favor of a manual osteotomy instead rotary instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on surgical robots (SRs) usually adopts the perspective of healthcare workers. However, research on potential patients' perceptions and the publics' points of view on SRs is scarce. This fact motivates our study, which assesses the factors inducing the SRs acceptance in the opinion of potential patients. We consider three variables, based on the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology (UTAUT): the performance expectancy (PE), the effort expectancy (EE), and the social influence (SI); pleasure (PL), arousal (AR), and the perceived risk (PR). To deal with empirical data, we used the ordered logistic regression (OLR) and the fuzzy set comparative qualitative analysis (fsQCA). The OLR allowed us to check for a significant positive average influence of the UTAUT variables and PL, on the intention to undergo robotic surgery. However, the PR had a significant negative impact, and AR was not found to be significant. The FsQCA allowed the identification of the potential patient profiles, linked to acceptance of and resistance to SRs and confirmed that they are not symmetrical. The proposed input variables are presented as core conditions in at least one prime implicate robotic-assisted surgery acceptance. The exception to this statement is the PR, which is affirmed in some recipes and absent in others. The recipes explaining the resistance to SRs were obtained by combining the absence of PE, EE, SI, and PL (i.e., these variables have a negative impact on rejection) and the presence of the PR (i.e., the perceived risk has a positive impact on a resistance attitude toward SRs). Similarly, arousal played a secondary role in explaining the rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Dynamic O-GlcNAc modification regulates the functions of proteins in a broad range of cellular processes. Dysregulation of the sole enzymes responsible for O-GlcNAc cycling, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), and the associated cellular O-GlcNAc profile is a common feature across nearly every cancer type. Here, we highlight recent studies on the structural features of OGT and OGA, as well as the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of their aberrant protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in rewiring cancer networks, to help identify key protein contacts and functional modules that drive malignancies and to promote cancer therapeutic innovations. The dynamic O-GlcNAc modification of intracellular proteins is an important nutrient sensor for integrating metabolic signals into vast networks of highly coordinated cellular activities. Dysregulation of the sole enzymes responsible for O-GlcNAc cycling, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), and the associated cellular O-GlcNAc profile is a common feature across nearly every cancer type. Many studies have investigated the effects of aberrant OGT/OGA expression on global O-GlcNAcylation activity in cancer cells. However, recent studies have begun to elucidate the roles of protein–protein interactions (PPIs), potentially through regions outside of the immediate catalytic site of OGT/OGA, that regulate greater protein networks to facilitate substrate-specific modification, protein translocalization, and the assembly of larger biomolecular complexes. Perturbation of OGT/OGA PPI networks makes profound changes in the cell and may directly contribute to cancer malignancies. Herein, we highlight recent studies on the structural features of OGT and OGA, as well as the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of their aberrant PPIs in rewiring cancer networks. By integrating complementary approaches, the research in this area will aid in the identification of key protein contacts and functional modules derived from OGT/OGA that drive oncogenesis and will illuminate new directions for anti-cancer drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several dietary patterns are reported as risk factors for several chronic diseases including oral diseases. However, thus far, there has been no comprehensive quantitative analysis of nutrition and periodontal diseases. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The number of samples was used for odds ratio calculation, followed by the unadjusted value and 95% confidence interval. Results: Nine papers were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of screening for database search records showed that four diet patterns (western diet, dairy product intake, sugar intake, and vitamin C intake) have enough data for meta-analysis. The risk of periodontal disease in the western-diet group and the lowest dairy product intake group was 1.05 (0.51–2.13) and 1.28 (0.89–1.84), respectively. The risk of periodontal disease in the highest sugar intake group and the lowest vitamin C intake group was 1.52 (0.79–2.91) and 1.15 (1.08–1.23), respectively. Conclusions: With aging of the population globally, the prevalence of periodontal disease increases, and the associated cost also increases. Though this study, we found foods related to the risk of periodontal disease, and we are confident that it will contribute to lowering the incidence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study clarified the effect of knowledge services (KSs) on organizational performances by introducing the concept of balanced scorecards (BSCs) for the sustainable growth of firms. Data were obtained from 246 firms by online survey and PLS-SEM was used as a data analysis method. Enhancement of knowledge absorptive capacity had a significantly positive effect on the improvement in decision-making quality. The improvement in decision-making quality was significantly relevant to organizational performances. Organizational performances were composed of non-financial and financial performances based on the framework of BSCs. A causal relationship between non-financial and financial performances was developed and suggested regarding non-financial performance as a leading indicator of financial performance. The perspectives of learning and growth and customers showed a statistical significance for the financial performance of firms. The customer aspect was more important than that of learning and growth when considering a relationship with financial performance. It was found that firms need to make an effort to improve their capabilities related to the perspectives of customers and learning and growth for their sustainable growth when they introduce external KSs as an open innovation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]