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Simple Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a rising incidence and poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and limited treatments. Currently, treatment is based solely on TNM staging, without considering molecular tumor characterization. In the present study, we validated a combined amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) technique for detecting mutations in codon 12 of KRAS in PDAC tumor and plasma samples and assessed its prognostic value. We included 88 newly diagnosed PDAC patients, treated with either surgery, chemotherapy, or best supportive treatment only. Both tumor and plasma samples were analyzed, and the most frequent mutations were G12D (36%) and G12V (25%). KRAS mutations G12D and/or G12C in tumors and plasma were associated with lower progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) independently of disease stage or treatment performed. ARMS–HRMA offers a rapid, cost-effective method for detecting KRAS mutations and can aid in prognosis and treatment decisions. Background/Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) incidence is rising, and prognosis remains poor due to late diagnosis and limited effective therapies. Currently, patients are treated based on TNM staging, without molecular tumor characterization. This study aimed to validate a technique that combines the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) with high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) for detecting mutations in codon 12 of KRAS in tumor and plasma, and to assess its prognostic value. Methods: Prospective study including patients with newly diagnosed PDAC with tumor and plasma samples collected before treatment. Mutations in codon 12 of KRAS (G12D, G12V, G12C, and G12R) were detected using ARMS–HRMA and compared to Sanger sequencing (SS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of these mutations. Results: A total of 88 patients, 93% with ECOG-PS 0–1, 57% with resectable disease. ARMS–HRMA technique showed a higher sensitivity than SS, both in tumor and plasma (77% vs. 51%; 25 vs. 0%, respectively). The most frequent mutation was G12D (n = 32, 36%), followed by G12V (n = 22, 25%). On multivariate analysis, patients with G12D and/or G12C mutations, either in tumor or plasma, had lower PFS (HR 1.792, 95% CI 1.061–3.028, p = 0.029; HR 2.081, 95% CI 1.014–4.272, p = 0.046, respectively) and lower OS (HR 1.757, 95% CI 1.013–3.049, p = 0.045; HR 2.229, 95% CI 1.082–4.594, p = 0.030, respectively). Conclusions: ARMS–HRMA is a rapid and cost-effective method for detecting KRAS mutations in PDAC patients, offering the potential for stratifying prognosis and guiding treatment decisions. The presence of G12D and G12C mutations in both tumor and plasma is associated with a poorer prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug repositioning is an efficient strategy to search for new treatment alternatives that is especially valuable for neglected parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that have shown antileishmanial activity. Clomiphene is a SERM structurally similar to tamoxifen, whose antileishmanial potential is unknown. That is why the objective of the present work was to evaluate its antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo in comparison with tamoxifen. The inhibitory effect against promastigotes of L. amazonensis, L. major, and L. mexicana was evaluated for both compounds, as well as the cytotoxicity against mouse peritoneal macrophages, the growth inhibitory activity in intracellular amastigotes of L. mexicana, and the in vivo activity in mice experimentally infected with L. mexicana. Clomiphene was about twice as active as tamoxifen against both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values of 1.7–3.3 µM for clomiphene and 2.9–6.4 µM for tamoxifen against all three species of promastigotes and 2.8 ± 0.2 µM and 3.7 ± 0.3 µM, respectively, against L. mexicana amastigotes. Clomiphene structurally affected several parasite organelles in a concentration-dependent fashion, leading to the death of both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Interestingly, the macrophage host cell did not appear damaged by any of the clomiphene concentrations tested. With oral administration at 20 mg/kg for 14 days, both compounds showed similar effects in terms of reducing the growth of the lesions, as well as the weight of the lesions and the parasite load at the end of the follow-up period. The results showed the potential of SERMs as antileishmanial drugs and support further testing of clomiphene and other compounds of this pharmacological group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: During the desalting process of salted cod, important biochemical changes occur, which will reflect on the organoleptic properties of the final product (desalted cod). Subsequent high-pressure processing with low temperature (4 °C) desalting processes can improve the physicochemical and microbial quality of desalted cod. During the desalting of salted cod, significant textural, histological, and biochemical changes occur. Understanding these changes is crucial for enhancing the preservation and extending the shelf life of desalted cod. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical quality parameters and enzymatic activities during the desalting process of cod (16 h at 4 and 20 °C) and to extend the shelf life of desalted cod through high-pressure processing (HPP) at 400 and 550 MPa for 5 min. During desalting, a correlation was noted between the pH and trimethylamine content in samples desalted at 20 °C, with both parameters increasing in the initial 4 h and stabilizing thereafter. The soluble protein in cod muscle decreased over desalting time, as it dissolved into the desalting water. Enzymatic activity showed a decline in cathepsins (B and D) and acid phosphatase throughout desalting, whereas lipase activity increased, particularly at 20 °C. HPP effectively extended the shelf life of desalted cod by controlling endogenous microbial growth, enabling an extension to 14–21 days compared to the 7 days observed in untreated control samples. This study highlights quality changes during desalting, with lesser effects at lower temperatures. Subsequent HPP improved the microbiological quality of desalted cod during refrigerated storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical oxidation of anodic metals (M = nickel and palladium) in an acetonitrile solution of the thiosemicarbazone ligands (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-N-methylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (a), (E)-2-(1-(p-tolyl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (b), and (E)-N-phenyl-2-(1-(p-tolyl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (c) yielded the homoleptic complexes [ML2], 1a, 1b, 1c, and 2c and [M4L4], 2a as air-stable solids. The crystal structures for 1a, 1b, 1c, and 2c show the ligands in a transoid disposition with the [S,S] and [N,N] donor atom pairs occupying cis positions on the nearly square planar coordination plane of the metal. The structure for 2a of S4 symmetry comprises a tetranuclear palladacycle where the metalated ligands are arranged around a central Pd4S4 environment: a crown ring with alternating palladium and sulfur atoms. The latter complex is the first example of an electrochemical preparation of a cyclometalated palladium compound, marking a milestone in the chemistry of such species. The compounds have been fully characterized by elemental microanalysis, mass spectrometry, infrared (IR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity poses a significant global health challenge, given its association with the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT) and various systemic disruptions. Within the adipose microenvironment, expansion and enrichment with immune cells trigger the release of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, which can disrupt tissues, including bones. While obesity's contribution to bone loss is well established, the direct impact of obese AT on osteoblast maturation remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the influence of the secretomes from obese and lean AT on osteoblast differentiation and activity. Methods: SAOS-2 cells were exposed to the secretomes obtained by culturing human subcutaneous AT from individuals with obesity (OATS) or lean patients, and their effects on osteoblasts were evaluated. Results: In the presence of the OATS, mature osteoblasts underwent dedifferentiation, showing an increased proliferation accompanied by a morphological shift towards a mesenchymal phenotype, with detrimental effects on osteogenic markers and the calcification capacity. Concurrently, the OATS promoted the expression of mesenchymal and adipogenic markers, inducing the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in SAOS-2 cells exposed to an adipogenic differentiation medium. Additionally, TGF-β1 emerged as a key mediator of these effects, as the OATS was enriched with this growth factor. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that obese subcutaneous AT promotes the dedifferentiation of osteoblasts and increases the adipogenic profile in these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Vallparadís Section encompasses various geological layers that span a significant chronological range, extending from the latest Early Pleistocene to the early Middle Pleistocene, covering a timeframe from approximately 1.2 to 0.6 Ma. This period holds particular importance, as it coincides with a significant climatic transition known as the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition, a pivotal phase in Quaternary climatic history. This transition, marked by the shift from a 41,000-year obliquity-driven climatic cycle to a 100,000-year precession-forced cyclicity, had profound effects on the Calabrian carnivorous mammal communities. Notably, the once diverse carnivore guild began to decline across Europe during this period, with their last documented occurrences coinciding with those found within the Vallparadís Section (e.g., Megantereon or Xenocyon). Concurrently, this period witnessed the initial dispersals of African carnivorans into the European landscape (e.g., steppe lions), marking a significant shift in the composition and dynamics of the region's carnivorous fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach to the fabrication of thin-film supported metal oxide membranes was investigated. Nanocoatings were obtained by the condensed layer deposition of TiO2 on tubular microporous supports, applying multiple consecutive layers of TiO2/polyaniline. The surface, cross-sectional structure, and morphology of the materials were investigated by electron microscopy. Their membrane-related properties were explored by permeability measurements, rejection, and fouling analysis, using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as test molecules. The SEM images showed that TiO2 was successfully deposited on the surface, creating a layer with partial coverage of the support after each layer was deposited; consequently, the permeability of the membranes decreased gradually. Overall, the results of the flux and permeability of the membranes confirmed the coating. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) increased with each coating layer, while the rejection of the membrane showed gradual improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan was subjected to a crosslinking reaction with three polyhydroxylated diacids (glucaric (GlcA), mannaric (ManA), and mucic (MucA) acids) that only differ in the spatial orientation of their hydroxyl groups. This work aimed to obtain experimental evidence of the impact of the three-dimensional arrangement of the crosslinkers on the resulting properties of the products. In all the cases, the products were hydrogels, and their chemical structures were fully elucidated by FT-IR spectroscopy and conductometric titration. Thermogravimetric and morphological studies were also carried out. The specific surface area of all the products was similar and higher than that of native chitosan. Moreover, all hydrogels were characterized in terms of viscoelastic properties and long-term stability under external perturbation. Furthermore, their lead adsorption efficiency and swelling capacity were assessed. Despite the resemblant chemical structure in all the hydrogels, Ch/ManA exhibited the highest lead adsorption capacity, (Ch/ManA: 93.8 mg g−1, Ch/GlcA: 82.9 mg g−1, Ch/MucA: 79.2 mg g−1), while Ch/GlcA exhibited a remarkably higher swelling capacity (i.e., ~30% more than Ch/MucA and ~40% more than Ch/ManA). The results obtained herein evidenced that the selection of the polyhydroxylated crosslinker with the appropriate three-dimensional structure could be crucial to finely adjust the final materials' features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Data Warehouse (DW) is a centralized database that stores large volumes of historical data for analysis and reporting. In a world where enterprise data grows exponentially, new architectures are being investigated to overcome the deficiencies of traditional Database Management Systems (DBMSs), driving a shift towards more modern, cloud-based solutions that provide resources such as distributed processing, columnar storage, and horizontal scalability without the overhead of physical hardware management, i.e., a Database as a Service (DBaaS). Choosing the appropriate class of DBMS is a critical decision for organizations, and there are important differences that impact data volume and query performance (e.g., architecture, data models, and storage) to support analytics in a distributed cloud environment efficiently. In this sense, we carry out an experimental evaluation to analyze the performance of several DBaaS and the impact of data modeling, specifically the usage of a partially normalized Star Schema and a fully denormalized Flat Table Schema, to further comprehend their behavior in different configurations and designs in terms of data schema, storage form, memory availability, and cluster size. The analysis is done in two volumes of data generated by a well-established benchmark, comparing the performance of the DW in terms of average execution time, memory usage, data volume, and loading time. Our results provide guidelines for efficient DW design, showing, for example, that the denormalization of the schema does not guarantee improved performance, as solutions performed differently depending on its architecture. We also show that a Hybrid Processing (HTAP) NewSQL solution can outperform solutions that support only Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) in terms of overall execution time, but that the performance of each query is deeply influenced by its selectivity and by the number of join functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence suggests that interactions between the brain and gut microbiota significantly impact brain function and mental health. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether young, healthy adults without psychiatric diagnoses exhibit differences in metabolic stool and microbiota profiles based on depression/anxiety scores and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was used to identify fecal metabolic profiles. Results were subjected to multivariate analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and the metabolites were identified through VIP score. Metabolites separating asymptomatic and symptomatic groups were acetate, valine, and glutamate, followed by sugar regions, glutamine, acetone, valerate, and acetoacetate. The main metabolites identified in high vagal tone (HVT) and low vagal tone (LVT) groups were acetate, valerate, and glutamate, followed by propionate and butyrate. In addition to the metabolites identified by the PLS-DA test, significant differences in aspartate, sarcosine, malate, and methionine were observed between the groups. Levels of acetoacetate were higher in both symptomatic and LVT groups. Valerate levels were significantly increased in the symptomatic group, while isovalerate, propionate, glutamate, and acetone levels were significantly increased in the LVT group. Furthermore, distinct abundance between groups was only confirmed for the Firmicutes phylum. Differences between participants with high and low vagal tone suggest that certain metabolites are involved in communication between the vagus nerve and the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammalian vomeronasal system enables the perception of chemical signals crucial for social communication via the receptor families V1R and V2R. These receptors are linked with the G-protein subunits, Gαi2 and Gαo, respectively. Exploring the evolutionary pathways of V1Rs and V2Rs across mammalian species remains a significant challenge, particularly when comparing genomic data with emerging immunohistochemical evidence. Recent studies have revealed the expression of Gαo in the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of wild canids, including wolves and foxes, contradicting predictions based on current genomic annotations. Our study provides detailed immunohistochemical evidence, mapping the expression of V2R receptors in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium, focusing particularly on wild canids, specifically wolves and foxes. An additional objective involves contrasting these findings with those from domestic species like dogs to highlight the evolutionary impacts of domestication on sensory systems. The employment of a specific antibody raised against the mouse V2R2, a member of the C-family of vomeronasal receptors, V2Rs, has confirmed the presence of V2R2-immunoreactivity (V2R2-ir) in the fox and wolf, but it has revealed the lack of expression in the dog. This may reflect the impact of domestication on the regression of the VNS in this species, in contrast to their wild counterparts, and it underscores the effects of artificial selection on sensory functions. Thus, these findings suggest a more refined chemical detection capability in wild species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis of the fitting of different fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) posts to tooth root canals and determine the resin cement layer thickness. The following GFRC posts were assessed: bundle posts (Rebilda GTTM, VOCO, Germany), sleeve system (SAPTM, Angelus Ind, Brazil), and accessory posts (ReforpinTM, Angelus, Brazil). Twenty-four freshly extracted mandibular single-rooted pre-molars were endodontically treated and divided into six groups, according to the type of GFRC post and resin cement (self-adhesive or conventional dual-cured). Then, specimens were cross-sectioned and inspected by optical microscopy regarding the cement layer thickness and presence of defects such as pores, voids, or fissures were assessed. Bundle and accessory posts revealed a regular distribution of resin cement with a lower number of voids than found with sleeve systems. The sleeve system posts showed poor fitting at the apical portion of the root canals. The type of resin cement did not affect the thickness of the interface, although both bundle and accessory posts allow a better distribution of resin cement and fibers. The present preliminary study reveals interesting insights on the fitting of bundle and accessory posts to root dentin and resin cement layer thickness in oval-shape root canals. The sleeve system posts showed adequate fitting only at the coronal portion of the canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of high-pressure processing (HPP; 600 MPa/15 min) and microbial transglutaminase-catalyzed (MTG; 30 U·g of protein−1) crosslinking on the concentration of dissolved proteins (SOL), free sulfhydryl groups (SH), surface hydrophobicity (H0), and viscosity of pea protein isolates (PPI) at different concentrations (1–13%; w/v). The SOL increased by increasing protein concentration (max. 29%). MTG slightly affected SOL. HPP decreased SOL with increasing protein concentration, and the combination MTG + HPP resulted in a lower SOL than HPP alone. The concentration of SH in untreated PPI increased with increasing protein concentration, reaching a maximum of 8.3 μmol·mg prot−1. MTG increased SH at higher protein concentrations. HPP lowered SH, but its concentration increased by increasing protein concentration. HPP + MTG offset the effect of MTG, yielding lower SH. MTG did not affect H0 at 1% concentration but increased it for concentrations from 3–5%, and there was a decrease with 7–9%. HPP increased H0 up to 37% for intermediate protein concentrations but did not affect it at higher concentrations. MTG + HPP decreased H0 at all protein concentrations. The viscosity of the dispersions increased with protein concentration. HPP increased the viscosity of the dispersions for concentrations above 7%, while MTG only caused changes above 9%. Combined MTG + HPP resulted in viscosity increase. The results underscore the opportunity for innovative development of high-protein products with improved properties or textures for industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Retirement House (1959) was a project developed by Peter Smithson that did not have the opportunity to be materialized beyond the drawing; therefore, we will use this proposal as a case study to investigate deeper into his design themes. Two texts will be considered, "The nature of home: it's equipment and furniture" and "Container and Contained", presented, respectively, in the publications "Ordinariness and Light" and "Alison and Peter Smithson—from the House of Future to a house of today", as a "guide" for an interpretation of the project. The Retirement House, recognised as being set within their Appliance Houses research, is charged through the different influences and cultural references that inhabit the Smithsons' oeuvre in the 50s. As a main objective, we intend to show in more detail the inception and design themes of the case study through the analysis of installations, texts and other projects that serve as an experimental legacy. We intend to demonstrate the functional character and interconnection of spaces present in the work of Alison and Peter Smithson that form an operative design tool, set within the capacity of a topological variation that can imprint a flexibility value, with pronounced interest in contemporary architecture and the current housing crises. The present article is part of ongoing PhD research on Alison and Peter Smithson's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Parasitic infections are a silent enemy that can crucially affect wildlife, causing severe organic damages whose effects go beyond the most visibly external symptoms. The Cephenemyia stimulator is one example of this. In European roe deer, it leads to nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by larvae that inhabit the upper respiratory tract of the deer, resulting in considerable tissue damage over time. The aim of our research was to delve into the extent of this damage and its repercussions on roe deer health and behavior. Our findings reveal significant inflammation, tissue changes, and degradation in the nasal area, potentially impairing the roe deer's sense of smell. This olfactory ability is pivotal for their social bonding, reproductive success, finding food, avoiding predators, and adjusting to their environment. By shedding light on this condition, we contribute to the efforts in wildlife management and the conservation of these animals, ensuring their survival. Highlighting the need to safeguard roe deer populations from such diseases underscores the role of health in their survival and adaptive strategies. Nasopharyngeal myiasis in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a pathological condition caused by the larval stages of Cephenemyia stimulator, a fly from the Oestridae family. These larvae reside in the host's upper respiratory tract for months, inducing significant tissue damage and clinical symptoms. The lifecycle of Cephenemyia stimulator is complex, involving three larval stages before maturation into adult flies, with each stage contributing to the progressive pathology observed in the host. Despite their prevalence, the histopathological effects of these larvae in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities have been understudied. Our study fills this knowledge gap by providing a detailed histopathological analysis of the affected tissues, using various staining techniques to reveal the extent and nature of the damage caused by these parasitic larvae. This histopathological examination reveals significant alterations within the nasopharyngeal mucosa and nasal cavity, including erythematous changes, mucosal metaplasia, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis. Parasitic cysts and eosinophilic infiltration further characterize the impact of the infestation, compromising not only the mucosal integrity but also potentially the olfactory function of the affected animals. This research is crucial for understanding the impact of myiasis on both the health and olfactory capabilities of roe deer populations and could have significant implications for wildlife management and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of ICT-based writing instructional practices, but they do not show an in-depth analysis of their instructional elements, which could be key to explaining such effectiveness. This study aims to analyze the instructional design of effective ICT-based writing practices according to content and instructional dimensions. An empirical review was performed following the PRISMA statement guidelines with a sample of 22 studies. For the content dimension, learning objectives were coded in terms of target focus, subject-specific knowledge, and learning outcomes. For the instructional dimension, types of learning and instructional activities were coded, identifying their specific elements. Results showed that learning objectives were mostly focused on practice/internalization of high-level processes. Regarding learning activities, ICT was mainly used in practicing/applying, structuring, and observing/noting activities. Regarding instructional activities, application and demonstration principles appeared most frequently in the interventions, with application activities being most frequently performed by ICTs. Product-focused and corrective types of feedback, as well as static and procedural scaffolding types, were the most frequently performed using ICT. In conclusion, this study provides useful information on what writing activities can be performed using ICT and provide the basis for future studies analyzing to what extent these activities contribute to program effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrangement of a stress breaker in the pier abutment of a fixed-mobile bridge affects the deformations that may occur in its supports. This article aims to study the most appropriate position and arrangement of a stress breaker. To verify the established objectives, an experimental "in vitro" study was carried out with five different bridge designs: one with rigid connectors and four with non-rigid connectors (interlocks), placed on the distal and mesial surface of the intermediate abutment, and combining the retention stop at cervical and occlusal positions. The strain level at the support ground of each bridge was measured with strain gauges. The statistical analysis was performed with the help of the Kruskal–Wallis test and a linear regression model. Initial results show that the model with the highest average value of maximum strain is the non-rigid bridge with the interlock on the distal surface of the pier abutment and the occlusal retention stop. In any case, the presence of an intermediate abutment, with or without interlock, influences the maximum tension supported by the abutment, especially in relation to the intermediate abutment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we highlight three different techniques for automatically constructing the dataset for a time-series study: the direct multi-step, the recursive multi-step, and the direct–recursive hybrid scheme. The nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous variable support vector regression (NARX SVR) and the Gaussian process regression (GPR), combined with the differential evolution (DE) for parameter tuning, are the two novel hybrid methods used in this study. The hyper-parameter settings used in the GPR and SVR training processes as part of this optimization technique DE significantly affect how accurate the regression is. The accuracy in the prediction of DE/GPR and DE/SVR, with or without NARX, is examined in this article using data on spot gold prices from the New York Commodities Exchange (COMEX) that have been made publicly available. According to RMSE statistics, the numerical results obtained demonstrate that NARX DE/SVR achieved the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks and supramolecular metal–organic frameworks (SMOFs) exhibit great potential for a broad range of applications taking advantage of the high surface area and pore sizes and tunable chemistry. In particular, metalloporphyrin-based MOFs and SMOFs are becoming of great importance in many fields due to the bioessential functions of these macrocycles that are being mimicked. On the other hand, during the last years, proton-conducting materials have aroused much interest, and those presenting high conductivity values are potential candidates to play a key role in some solid-state electrochemical devices such as batteries and fuel cells. In this way, using metalloporphyrins as building units we have obtained a new crystalline material with formula [H(bipy)]2[(MnTPPS)(H2O)2]·2bipy·14H2O, where bipy is 4,4′-bipyidine and TPPS4− is the meso-tetra(4-sulfonatephenyl) porphyrin. The crystal structure shows a zig-zag water chain along the [100] direction located between the sulfonate groups of the porphyrin. Taking into account those structural features, the compound was tested for proton conduction by complex electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The as-obtained conductivity is 1 × 10−2 S·cm−1 at 40 °C and 98% relative humidity, which is a remarkably high value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a comprehensive review of the Quaternary fossil records of hippopotamuses from the Iberian Peninsula, unveiling biogeographical insights of global significance. The results presented herein include the inference of a delayed arrival of Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus antiquus) populations onto the Iberian Peninsula compared to other European Mediterranean regions, with an estimated age of ca. 1.7 Ma, in contrast to 2.1–2.2 Ma elsewhere. Moreover, we hypothesize the possibility of a short-lived coexistence between H. antiquus and Hippopotamus amphibius, close to the extinction of the former taxon (ca. 0.45 Ma). The local extinction of all hippopotamus populations on the Iberian Peninsula between MIS 5 and 3 is suggested here, mirroring proposals made for the Italian peninsula. Notable aspects of this fossil record include the abundance of specimens, previously undocumented anatomical elements, and partially complete individuals with articulated body segments. The remains analyzed herein also present different ontogenetic stages and sexual dimorphism. Moreover, the presence of specimens displaying paleopathologies provides valuable insights into ethological and paleoecological studies. The exceptional record of at least three events of human exploitation of hippopotamus stands out, with this being a rarity in the broader context of the archaeological and paleontological record of the European continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of thermal pasteurization (TP, 62.5 °C/30 min—conditions similar to those used in milk banks/hospitals, known as Holder pasteurization) and high-pressure pasteurization (HPP: 400–625 MPa/2.5–30 min) was studied on immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM and IgA) content, lysozyme activity and microbial load of donkey colostrum (in this case, after 40 days at 4 °C). IgG level remained unchanged with HPP at 400 MPa, increased up to 4-fold at 625 MPa/10 min and decreased 90% with TP, while IgM decreased progressively with pressure treatment intensity increment to below the detection limit at 625 MPa and decreased 20% with TP. IgA decreased to below the detection limit after TP and all HPP treatments. Lysozyme activity presented overall a higher decrease after TP (37%) compared to HPP (decreasing from 20% at 400 MPa to about 40% at 600 MPa/10 and 30 min). Furthermore, both total aerobic mesophiles and Enterobacteriaceae remained below detection limits after 40 days of refrigerated storage for both TP and HPP. So, HPP can be considered a potential alternative to the conventional TP to preserve donkey colostrum, with overall equal to better retention, particularly for IgG and lysozyme activity. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first study evaluating the effects of HPP on donkey colostrum, and research in this field should be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reference to vitiligo-like lesions (VLLs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a valuable predictive marker of treatment success of immunotherapy with ICIs in melanoma has been mentioned in the literature. Its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-treated patients remains a poorly recognized phenomenon with uncertain significance regarding its predictive value. A retrospective, observational, single-center report was performed, with descriptive analysis of clinicopathological and treatment characteristics of patients with stage IV NSCLC who developed ICI-induced VLL between January 2018 and December 2022, contextualized in a comprehensive review of the literature and reported cases regarding this phenomenon. During the first 5 years' experience of ICI use in stage IV NSCLC treatment, three cases of ICI-induced VLLs were diagnosed. In line with the previous reports, two of the three presented cases exhibited treatment response and favorable prognosis. The recognition and understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying ICI-induced VLLs may represent a promising opportunity to identify a predictive marker of tumor response to ICIs, with impact in treatment selection and patient management. It also may contribute to the recognition of new patterns of molecular expression that could lead to improvements in therapeutic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus pinaster, commonly called the maritime pine, is a vital species in Mediterranean forests. Its ability to thrive in the local climate and rapid growth make it an essential resource for wood production and reforestation efforts. Accurately estimating the volume of wood within a pine forest is of great significance to the wood industry. The traditional process is either a rough estimation without measurements or a time-consuming process based on manual measurements and calculations. This article presents a method for determining a tree's diameter, total height, and volume based on a photograph. The method involves placing reference targets of known dimensions on the trees. A deep learning neural network is used to extract the tree trunk and the targets from the background, and the dimensions of the trunk are estimated based on the dimensions of the targets. The results indicate less than 10% estimation errors for diameter, height, and volume in general. The proposed methodology automates the estimation of the dendrometric characteristics of trees, reducing field time consumed in a forest inventory and without the need to use nonprofessional instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium batteries are receiving increasing interest as an alternative to reduce dependence on lithium-based systems. Furthermore, the development of solid-state electrolytes will lead to higher-performing and safer devices. In this work, a Zn-based metal–organic framework (Zn-MOF-74) is combined as a physical barrier against the growth of dendrites, together with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIm][TFSI]) ionic liquid, which provides improved mobility to sodium ions. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of the appropriate amount of ionic liquid within the pores of the MOF produces a considerable increase in ionic conductivity, achieving values as high as 5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, in addition to an acceptable Na+ transference number. Furthermore, the developed Na[EMIm][TFSI]@Zn-MOF-74 hybrid solid electrolyte contributes to stable and dendrite-free sodium plating/stripping for more than 100 h. Finally, a more than notable extension of the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte has been determined, being useful even above 7 V vs. Na+/Na. Overall, this work presents a suitable strategy for the next generation of solid-state sodium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology to select the most exciting business models based on renewable energy and circular economy technologies within end-of-life coal mines to help develop a renewable-based energy sector, promote sustainable local economic growth, and maximise the number of green and quality jobs. To achieve this goal, first, a structural analysis was developed to select the technical variables that better identify this complex system. Second, a morphological analysis allowed the construction of the scenario space. Third, a multicriteria assessment was developed to achieve this goal, based on the previously assessed relevant scenarios, considering the European Green Deal policies, technical variables that characterise end-of-life coal mine environments, technology readiness level, the European taxonomy, synergistic potentials, contributions to the circular economy, and sector coupling. Finally, result indicators were selected to analyse the alternative options derived from the justification approach, considering the targets set by the European Green Deal and related taxonomy and the regional policy indicators for the Just Transition Fund. The results show that eco-industrial parks with virtual power plants represent the most appropriate business model choice, according to the scoring given to the different aspects. They may be complemented by a hydrogen production plant, provided that specific economic subventions are obtained to achieve balanced financial results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased genetic risk for melanoma can occur in the context of germline pathogenic variants in high-penetrance genes, such as CDKN2A and CDK4, risk variants in low- to moderate-penetrance genes (MC1R and MITF), and possibly due to variants in emerging genes, such as ACD, TERF2IP, and TERT. We aimed to identify germline variants in high- and low- to moderate-penetrance melanoma risk genes in Brazilian patients with clinical criteria for familial melanoma syndrome. We selected patients with three or more melanomas or melanoma patients from families with three tumors (melanoma and pancreatic cancer) in first- or second-degree relatives. Genetic testing was performed with a nine-gene panel (ACD, BAP1, CDK4, CDKN2A, POT1, TERT, TERF2IP, MC1R, and MITF). In 36 patients, we identified 2 (5.6%) with germline pathogenic variants in CDKN2A and BAP1 and 4 (11.1%) with variants of uncertain significance in the high-penetrance genes. MC1R variants were found in 86.5%, and both red hair color variants and unknown risk variants were enriched in patients compared to a control group. The low frequency of germline pathogenic variants in the high-penetrance genes and the high prevalence of MC1R variants found in our cohort show the importance of the MC1R genotype in determining the risk of melanoma in the Brazilian melanoma-prone families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the integration of DUT-67 metal organic frameworks into polyethyleneimine-based hydrogels to assemble a composite system with enough mechanical strength, pore structure and chemical affinity to work as a sorbent for water remediation. By varying the solvent-to-modulator ratio in a water-based synthesis path, the particle size of DUT-67 was successfully modulated from 1 μm to 200 nm. Once DUT-67 particles were integrated into the polymeric hydrogel, the composite hydrogel exhibited enhanced mechanical properties after the incorporation of the MOF filler. XPS, NMR, TGA, FTIR, and FT Raman studies confirmed the presence and interaction of the DUT-67 particles with the polymeric chains within the hydrogel network. Adsorption studies of methyl orange, copper(II) ions, and penicillin V on the composite hydrogel revealed a rapid adsorption kinetics and monolayer adsorption according to the Langmuir's model. The composite hydrogel demonstrated higher adsorption capacities, as compared to the pristine hydrogel, showcasing a synergistic effect, with maximum adsorption capacities of 473 ± 21 mg L−1, 86 ± 6 mg L−1, and 127 ± 4 mg L−1, for methyl orange, copper(II) ions, and penicillin V, respectively. This study highlights the potential of MOF-based composite hydrogels as efficient adsorbents for environmental pollutants and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological aging is a relevant risk factor for chronic diseases, and several indicators for measuring this factor have been proposed, with telomere length (TL) among the most studied. Oxidative stress may regulate telomere shortening, which is implicated in the increased risk. Using a novel estimator for TL, we examined whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), a highly antioxidant-rich dietary pattern, is associated with longer TL. We determined TL using DNA methylation algorithms (DNAmTL) in 414 subjects at high cardiovascular risk from Spain. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by a validated score, and genetic variants in candidate genes and at the genome-wide level were analyzed. We observed several significant associations (p < 0.05) between DNAmTL and candidate genes (TERT, TERF2, RTEL1, and DCAF4), contributing to the validity of DNAmTL as a biomarker in this population. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower odds of having a shorter TL in the whole sample (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85–0.99; p = 0.049 after fully multivariate adjustment). Nevertheless, this association was stronger in women than in men. Likewise, in women, we observed a direct association between adherence to the MedDiet score and DNAmTL as a continuous variable (beta = 0.015; SE: 0.005; p = 0.003), indicating that a one-point increase in adherence was related to an average increase of 0.015 ± 0.005 kb in TL. Upon examination of specific dietary items within the global score, we found that fruits, fish, "sofrito", and whole grains exhibited the strongest associations in women. The novel score combining these items was significantly associated in the whole population. In the genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified ten polymorphisms at the suggestive level of significance (p < 1 × 10−5) for DNAmTL (intergenics, in the IQSEC1, NCAPG2, and ABI3BP genes) and detected some gene–MedDiet modulations on DNAmTL. As this is the first study analyzing the DNAmTL estimator, genetics, and modulation by the MedDiet, more studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) is an evolution of the currently used aviation-focused Global Navigation Satellite System integrity service, Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). Where RAIM supports only lateral navigation, with its adaptations including multiple frequencies and constellations, and with the use of Integrity Support Messages (ISMs), ARAIM also supports vertical guidance. Although these techniques were designed to serve the aviation community, ARAIM could be used in a wide range of applications, especially safety-critical applications. With further evolutions, ARAIM could also be extended to cover more demanding applications in various sectors. This work reports the outcomes of the study of the applicability of ARAIM for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the metabolic profile of unstimulated (US) and stimulated (SS) saliva samples from pregnant women with/without obesity and periodontitis. Ninety-six pregnant women were divided into: obesity + periodontitis (OP = 20); obesity/no periodontitis (OWP = 27); normal BMI + periodontitis (NP = 20); and normal BMI/no periodontitis (NWP = 29). US and SS samples were collected by expectoration and chewing of sterilized parafilm gum, respectively, and samples were individually analyzed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). Univariate (t test and correlations) and multivariate (Principal Component Analysis–PCA, and Partial Least Square–Discriminant Analysis—PLS-DA with Variance Importance Projection–VIP scores) and Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis were done (p < 0.05). Metabolites commonly found in all groups in elevated concentration in US samples were 5-Aminopentoate, Acetic acid, Butyric acid, Propionic acid, Pyruvic acid, and Succinic acid. They were mainly related to the butyrate metabolism, citric acid cycle, amino sugar metabolism, fatty acids biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and Warburg effect. Metabolites commonly found in all groups that were in elevated concentration in SS samples were Citrulline, Fumaric acid, Histidine, N-acetyl glutamine, N-acetylneuraminic acid, para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, Proline, Tyrosine. Although some differences were found between unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples from pregnant women with/without obesity and periodontitis, stimulated saliva collection seems adequate, demonstrating similar metabolic pathways to unstimulated saliva samples when groups are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, food waste is a global concern, a problem that arises mainly at the consumption level and generates environmental, economic, and social impacts. One way to reduce the food waste problem is to use the food we already have at home. However, this causes another concern, which is what to cook with certain foods. Sometimes we do not know what recipes can be made. Knowing which ingredients can be mixed and how to mix them can be a difficult task for a beginner cook, so selecting the right ingredients for a recipe is essential. Therefore, it is proposed to develop a recipe recommendation system through image recognition of food ingredients. Presently, the system is a web application that recognizes an image given by the user and recommends recipes containing the recognized ingredient. For this, a convolutional neural network model, the ResNet-50, was built to perform image recognition and trained with a dataset that contains about 36 classes of vegetables and fruits. Through this training, the model reached 96% accuracy in classifying the dataset images. The recommendation system uses the label of the recognized ingredient to obtain the recipes, which are searched through the Edamam API. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a dataset containing three layers of data that are useful for body position classification and all uses related to it. The PoPu dataset contains simultaneously collected data from two different sensor sheets—one placed over and one placed under a mattress; furthermore, a segmentation data layer was added where different body parts are identified using the pressure data from the sensors over the mattress. The data included were gathered from 60 healthy volunteers distributed among the different gathered characteristics: namely sex, weight, and height. This dataset can be used for position classification, assessing the viability of sensors placed under a mattress, and in applications regarding bedded or lying people or sleep related disorders. Dataset: The dataset is available on GitHub: https://github.com/rdionisio1403/PoPu/. Dataset License: The dataset is available under Creative Commons (CC0). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: There are barriers to deprescription that hinder its implementation in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to analyse the main barriers and limitations of the deprescription process perceived by physicians who care for multipathological patients. Materials and methods: The "deprescription questionnaire of elderly patients" was adapted to an online format and sent to physicians in geriatrics. Question 1 is a reference to establish agreement or disagreement with this practice. The influence of different aspects of deprescription was analysed via the demographic characteristics of the clinicians and perceptions of the various barriers (questions 2–9) by means of bivariate analysis. Based on the latter, a multivariate model was carried out to demonstrate the relationship between barriers and the degree of deprescription agreement among respondents. Results: Of the 72 respondents, 72.2% were in favour of deprescribing. Regarding the analyses, the demographic characteristics did not influence rankings. The deprescription of preventive drugs and consensus with patients were associated with a positive attitude towards deprescribing, while withdrawing drugs prescribed by other professionals, time constraints and patient reluctance emerged as possible barriers. The only factor independently associated with deprescribing was lack of time. Conclusions: Time was found to be the main barrier to deprescription. Training, the creation of multidisciplinary teams and integrated health systems are key facilitators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immune system is somehow related to all the metabolic pathways, in a bidirectional way, and the nutritional interventions affecting these pathways might have a relevant impact on the inflammatory status of the individuals. Food-derived peptides have been demonstrated to exert several bioactivities by in vitro or animal studies. Their potential to be used as functional food is promising, considering the simplicity of their production and the high value of the products obtained. However, the number of human studies performed until now to demonstrate effects in vivo is still scarce. Several factors must be taken into consideration to carry out a high-quality human study to demonstrate immunomodulatory-promoting properties of a test item. This review aims to summarize the recent human studies published in which the purpose was to demonstrate bioactivity of protein hydrolysates, highlighting the main results and the limitations that can restrict the relevance of the studies. Results collected are promising, although in some studies, physiological changes could not be observed. When responses were observed, they sometimes did not refer to relevant parameters and the immunomodulatory properties could not be clearly established with the current evidence. Well-designed clinical trials are needed in order to evaluate the role of protein hydrolysates in immunonutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been well established that natural organic matters (NOMs) are precursors for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water supplies, thus the removal of NOMs is often used as an effective approach to limit DBPs production. In this study, we evaluated the application of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OMWNTs)/polysulfone (PSU) nanocomposite hollow fiber membranes (HFM) for the removal of NOMs and its impact on the production of DBPs following water chlorination. Analysis of source water samples by fluorescence excitation/emission matrix (EEM) spectrometry indicated that the dominant dissolved organic matters were humic acid. Evaluation of the fabricated nanocomposite HFMs showed improved water fluxes (30~50%), better fouling resistance, and a comparable solute rejection rate when compared with the conventional PSU membranes. The flux increase was attributed to the increased surface hydrophilicity and porosity of the membrane after embedding the hydrophilic OMWNTs. The membrane filtration resulted in a reduction of UV254 by approximately 52%, 48%, and 38% for three water samples from Missouri River, Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, and Columbia Water Treatment Plant, respectively. The corresponding reduction in trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) reached 40%, 70%, and 27%, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated that proper OMWNTs/PSU ultrafiltration membranes could remove a portion of NOMs from water at a relatively low cross-membrane pressure. It also illustrates the innovative concept that membrane design could be tailored for specific water quality conditions and regulatory requirements; in this particular case, to fabricate a membrane to reduce the THMFP to a level that meets the regulatory standards for trihalomethanes when the water was disinfected by chlorine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: We investigated the social structure of two groups of cooperatively breeding cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) before and after the birth of infants. The two groups had different sizes and age compositions: one being smaller and only having two adults, the breeding pair, and the other being bigger and having several non-reproductive adults. We investigated the group structure by observing grooming relationships, and we studied infant care by observing the time that group members spent carrying infants. The results showed that the group with non-reproductive adults showed a stable structure after the birth of the infants, while the smaller group showed changes in their structure. We also found no evidence of a relationship between the time spent carrying infants and group position. In conclusion, the presence of non-reproductive adults could be a determinant factor in maintaining group stability, although group members do not seem to improve their social position through infant carrying. Cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) are characterized by a system of cooperative breeding where helpers, in addition to the reproductive pair, contribute to infant care. Grooming interactions between individuals play an important role in establishing social relationships, creating an interconnected social network in the group. We used social network analysis to investigate the social structure of two groups of cotton-top tamarins with different sizes and compositions and study whether they remain stable after the birth of new infants. We also investigated the possible correlation between the time spent carrying infants and an increase in the grooming centrality. We found that group A (n = 13) had a stable grooming network that showed consistent stability after the birth, although group B (n = 8 and no adult helpers) changed its grooming network and showed a lower density after the birth. Infant carrying was not correlated with increased grooming centrality after the birth. These findings highlight the usefulness of social network analysis in the study of group structure in cooperatively breeding primates and suggest that the birth of offspring has a greater impact on the stability of groups without adult helpers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As available tools for crop disease management are scarce, new, effective, and eco-friendly solutions are needed. So, this study aimed at assessing the antibacterial activity of a dried leaf Eucalyptus globulus Labill. aqueous extract (DLE) against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xeu), and Clavibacter michiganensis michiganensis (Cmm). For this, the inhibitory activity of different concentrations of DLE (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, and 250 g L−1) was monitored against the type strains of Pst, Xeu, and Cmm through the obtention of their growth curves. After 48 h, results showed that the pathogen growth was strongly inhibited by DLE, with Xeu the most susceptible species (15 g L−1 MIC and IC50), followed by Pst (30 g L−1 MIC and IC50), and Cmm (45 and 35 g L−1 MIC and IC50, respectively). Additionally, using the resazurin assay, it was possible to verify that DLE considerably impaired cell viability by more than 86%, 85%, and 69% after Pst, Xeu, and Cmm were incubated with DLE concentrations equal to or higher than their MIC, respectively. However, only the treatment with DLE at 120 g L−1 did not induce any hypersensitive response in all pathogens when treated bacterial suspensions were infiltrated onto tobacco leaves. Overall, DLE can represent a great strategy for the prophylactic treatment of tomato-associated bacterial diseases or reduce the application of environmentally toxic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale production of microalgae and their bioactive compounds has steadily increased in response to global demand for natural compounds. Spirulina, in particular, has been used due to its high nutritional value, especially its high protein content. Promising biological functions have been associated with Spirulina extracts, mainly related to its high value added blue pigment, phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is used in several industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, which increases its market value. Due to the worldwide interest and the need to replace synthetic compounds with natural ones, efforts have been made to optimize large-scale production processes and maintain phycocyanin stability, which is a highly unstable protein. The aim of this review is to update the scientific knowledge on phycocyanin applications and to describe the reported production, extraction, and purification methods, including the main physical and chemical parameters that may affect the purity, recovery, and stability of phycocyanin. By implementing different techniques such as complete cell disruption, extraction at temperatures below 45 °C and a pH of 5.5–6.0, purification through ammonium sulfate, and filtration and chromatography, both the purity and stability of phycocyanin have been significantly improved. Moreover, the use of saccharides, crosslinkers, or natural polymers as preservatives has contributed to the increased market value of phycocyanin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is characterized by impaired vascularization with ischemia resulting in bone cell death, leading to the deterioration of the hip joint. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive potential therapeutic approach in this setting. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical improvement in terms of pain and quality of life, as well as the safety of the procedure during the follow-up of patients. (2) Methods: A Phase I–II Open-Label Non-Randomized Prospective clinical trial was conducted. Eight patients with idiopathic ONFH and stage < IIC in the ARCO classification were included. Four weeks before therapy, 40 mL of autologous bone marrow was obtained, and MSCs were expanded under Good-Manufacturing-Practice (GMP) standards. Study medication consisted of a suspension of autologous BM-derived MSCs (suspended in a solution of 5–10 mL of saline and 5% human albumin) in a single dose of 0.5–1 × 106 cells/kg of the patient, administered intraosseously with a trocar and under radioscopic control. Per-protocol monitoring of patients included a postoperative period of 12 months, with a clinical and radiological assessment that included the visual analog scale (VAS), the Harris scale, the SF-36, and the radiological evolution of both hips. In addition, all patients were further followed up for eight years to assess the need for long-term total hip replacement (THR) surgery. (3) Results: Median age of patients included was 48.38 ± 7.38 years, and all patients were men. Autologous MSCs were expanded in all cases. There were no adverse effects related to cell administration. Regarding efficacy, both VAS and ODI scores improved after surgery. Radiologically, 12.5% of patients improved at the end of follow-up, whereas 50% improved clinically. No adverse effects related to the procedure were recorded, and none of the patients needed THR surgery within the first year after MSC therapy. (4) Conclusions: The use of autologous MSCs for patients with ONFH disease is feasible, safe in the long term, and potentially effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the layer thickness and microstructure of traditional resin-matrix cements and flowable resin-matrix composites at dentin and enamel to composite onlay interfaces after cementation on low loading magnitude. Materials and Methods: Twenty teeth were prepared and conditioned with an adhesive system for restoration with resin-matrix composite onlays manufactured by CAD-CAM. On cementation, tooth-to-onlay assemblies were distributed into four groups, including two traditional resin-matrix cements (groups M and B), one flowable resin-matrix composite (group G), and one thermally induced flowable composite (group V). After the cementation procedure, assemblies were cross-sectioned for inspection by optical microscopy at different magnification up to ×1000. Results: The layer thickness of resin-matrix cementation showed the highest mean values at around 405 µm for a traditional resin-matrix cement (group B). The thermally induced flowable resin-matrix composites showed the lowest layer thickness values. The resin-matrix layer thickness revealed statistical differences between traditional resin cement (groups M and B) and flowable resin-matrix composites (groups V and G) (p < 0.05). However, the groups of flowable resin-matrix composites did not reveal statistical differences (p < 0.05). The thickness of the adhesive system layer at around 7 µm and 12 µm was lower at the interfaces with flowable resin-matrix composites when compared to the adhesive layer at resin-matrix cements, which ranged from 12 µm up to 40 µm. Conclusions: The flowable resin-matrix composites showed adequate flowing even though the loading on cementation was performed at low magnitude. Nevertheless, significant variation in thickness of the cementation layer was noticed for flowable resin-matrix composites and traditional resin-matrix cements that can occur in chair-side procedures due to the clinical sensitivity and differences in rheological properties of the materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to understand the morphophysiological responses and primary metabolism of tomato seedlings subjected to mild levels of nitrogen and/or water deficit (50% N and/or 50% W). After 16 days of exposure, plants grown under the combined deficit showed similar behavior to the one found upon exposure to single N deficit. Both N deficit treatments resulted in a significantly lower dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and N accumulation but in a higher N use efficiency when compared to control (CTR) plants. Moreover, concerning plant metabolism, at the shoot level, these two treatments also responded in a similar way, inducing higher C/N ratio, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, expression of RuBisCO encoding genes as well as a downregulation of GS2.1 and GS2.2 transcripts. Interestingly, plant metabolic responses at the root level did not follow the same pattern, with plants under combined deficit behaving similarly to W deficit plants, resulting in enhanced nitrate and proline concentrations, NR activity, and an upregulation of GS1 and NR genes than in CTR plants. Overall, our data suggest that the N remobilization and osmoregulation strategies play a relevant role in plant acclimation to these abiotic stresses and highlight the complexity of plant responses under a combined N+W deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]