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Eco-evo-devo is an interdisciplinary field integrating ecology, evolutionary biology, and developmental biology. Niche construction refers to the phenomenon where organisms alter selection pressures through ecological activities, and ecological inheritance is the consequence of niche construction, passed down through generations. Development encompasses the process by which an organism grows and changes its form and behavior throughout its lifetime. Despite emerging research on eco-evo-devo, the evolution of organisms involving complex physical structures remains underexplored. We aim to explore interactions between these components in the evolution of the adaptive morphology and behavior of artificial creatures. We constructed an evolutionary model where a population of rigid-bodied creatures must cross two valleys to reach a goal, using morphological development and object construction in a 3D physical environment. We found that the evolution of both lifetime development (LD) and niche construction (NC) showed complementary roles, with LD contributing to crossing one valley and NC the other. Regarding ecological inheritance (EI), we observed how NC adapts to the presence of inherited objects by placing fewer objects to construct structures. On the other hand, a large percentage of EI can cause obstacles to form, which hinders the population from moving towards the target and facilitates non-adaptive morphology, making the evolution unsuccessful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Eotetranychus sexmaculatus and Oligonychus biharensis are devastating mite pests of the valuable tropical crop, rubber trees. Outbreaks of both spider mite species are associated with high temperatures and drought stresses. To evaluate both intra- and interspecific competition and the effects of temperature, we analyzed the population dynamics of E. sexmaculatus and O. biharensis under different temperature treatments. The results reveal the presence of both types of competition and demonstrate that O. biharensis is always more competitive than E. sexmaculatus, regardless of the temperature and the initial ratio. Therefore, O. biharensis has the potential to become a dominant pest of rubber trees. These findings provide a theoretical basis for early detection and effective management strategies for spider mites on rubber trees. Eotetranychus sexmaculatus has long been recognized as an important spider mite pest of rubber trees. Recently, increasing damage from Oligonychus biharensis has elevated its importance as a key spider mite pest. These two species share highly overlapping ecological niches, with outbreaks strongly associated with high temperatures and drought stresses. However, little is known regarding the potential competition between these spider mite species and the role of temperature in shaping these interactions. This study investigates the development and reproduction of E. sexmaculatus and O. biharensis at varying population densities, and evaluates their dynamics at 27 °C, 30 °C, and 33 °C. Five initial population densities of E. sexmaculatus and O. biharensis were evaluated in mixed populations: 0:30, 10:20, 15:15, 20:10, and 30:0. The results demonstrate both intra- and interspecific competition between E. sexmaculatus and O. biharensis. At all three intraspecific densities, the survival rate and lifespan of both species declined as density increased, with fecundity also decreasing at higher densities. Single-species populations of each mite were larger in number when compared with mixed populations. Across all treatments, the mean and peak values of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were greater in O. biharensis than in E. sexmaculatus. Additionally, increasing temperatures accelerated the displacement of E. sexmaculatus by O. biharensis, regardless of the initial population density. When the mixed populations of E. sexmaculatus and O. biharensis were at densities of 10:20, the highest interspecific competition coefficients were obtained at 33 °C, with values of 0.6591. In conclusion, O. biharensis consistently outcompeted E. sexmaculatus at all tested temperatures, irrespective of initial densities, providing valuable insights into the competitive dynamics of dominant rubber tree pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Sechium P. Br. (Cucurbitaceae) includes ten species, two of which are edible. The inedible genotypes are in a fragile ecological niche, since they are not used by rural inhabitants. A rescue and genetic crossing program was designed to identify uses that favor their conservation due to their content of bioactive secondary metabolites (Sm) for health. Fruits of S. compositum (wild type), hybrid H-D Victor (inedible), and S. edule var. nigrum spinosum (edible) were evaluated by extraction methods such as juice and oven drying to determine the yields of Sm, with in vivo evaluations of liver damage. The dried biomass (40 °C) extracted with ethanolic and methanolic procedures showed lower Sm content than the juice (fresh biomass). More than 90% of phenolic acids and cucurbitacins in the extracts were degraded, possibly due to the drying time (oven). Biological activity showed that nigrum spinosum and HD-Victor have fewer toxic metabolites than S. compositum. The hybrid H-D Victor is of reduced cytotoxicity, showing the advantages of hybridization with wild types. Phytochemical and biological activity characterization may contribute to the conservation of genotypes and become a source of bioactive natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrotrichs (hairy bellies) are microscopic, acoelomate worms that live in freshwater and marine environments and represent one of the significant components of the meiobenthic communities. There are over 520 marine species, and several of them are also found in the Mediterranean Sea. However, data on the gastrotrich fauna from Tunisia is negligible, with nearly zero annotated records. We have initiated a series of investigations along the Tunisian shores to address this gap. Herein, we report data from four collecting sites on the northern Tunisian coastline. Sandy samples from 2 m water depth yielded 21 species, 11 in the order Macrodasyida and 10 in Chaetonotida. One chaetonotidan new to science is formally described, while morphometric data and photomicrographs are provided for all the others. Incidentally, we report on the longest gastrotrich ever found. Information about the microhabitat's characteristics, including the water's salinity and temperature and granulometric parameters of the sediment, are also reported. Finally, we provide information on Tunisian species previously discovered by our team and involved in phylogenetic studies for which morphological data and details about their findings have never been published. We explicitly address and correct the errors in GenBank concerning the attribution of gene sequences for these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in species' habitats provide important insights into the effects of climate change. Woonyoungia septentrionalis, a critically endangered species endemic to karst ecosystems, has a highly restricted distribution and is a key biological resource. Despite its ecological importance, the factors influencing its habitat suitability and distribution remain poorly understood. This study employed ecological niche modeling to predict the potential distribution of Woonyoungia septentrionalis across China and analyzed shifts in centroid location to explore migration pathways under current and future climate scenarios. The model exhibited high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.988), indicating its robustness in assessing habitat suitability. Under current climatic conditions, Woonyoungia septentrionalis is predominantly found in the Guizhou–Guangxi border region, southeastern Yunnan, eastern Sichuan, southeastern Tibet, and parts of Chongqing, Hunan, and Hubei. Among these, the Guizhou-Guangxi border represents the primary suitable habitat. Temperature factors, particularly bio6 (minimum temperature of the coldest month) and bio7 (annual temperature range), were the most significant determinants of habitat suitability, contributing 43.29% and 12.65%, respectively. Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) accounted for 15.82%, while precipitation had a relatively minor impact. Under future climate scenarios, suitable habitats for Woonyoungia septentrionalis are projected to shrink and shift toward higher altitudes and latitudes, increasing the risk of extinction due to the "mountain trap" effect, where migration is constrained by limited habitat at higher elevations. Stable habitats, particularly in Libo (Guizhou) and Huanjiang (Guangxi), are identified as critical refugia. We recommend prioritizing shrinking and stable habitats in Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan for in situ conservation. Ex situ conservation efforts should focus on areas identified based on key environmental factors and predicted migration pathways to ensure the species' long-term survival. This study provides both theoretical and practical guidance for the conservation of this species and its vulnerable habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has become a prominent topic, particularly regarding plant adaptation and migration within mountain ecosystems. This study aimed to clarify forest dynamics by focusing on sapling and tree stages in relation to microclimate changes across a permanent plot along an altitudinal gradient. In 2012, a permanent transect plot (50 m × 600 m) was established at the forest ecotone between the deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) and lower montane forest (LMF). All trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm were tagged, measured, and identified. Monitoring occurred every 2 years between 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018, with a final census conducted in 2023. Microclimatic factors were recorded automatically, and rainfall data were obtained from a meteorological station. The dynamics of all trees were analyzed in relation to micro-climate changes. Our results showed that environmental changes significantly affected species coexistence, particularly in the forest ecotone between the DDF and LMF, where intermediate environmental factors were observed. High mortality rates were observed in the dominant evergreen species, with significant positive correlations with decreased rainfall and increased temperature, suggesting that drought conditions strongly influence tree mortality. In contrast, the deciduous species showed increased density, particularly in the forest ecotone zone, indicating their better adaptation to drought conditions and their potential to occupy the forest ecotone at a higher rate than LMF species. Understanding the ecological niches of coexisting species along altitudinal gradients is crucial for developing effective restoration programs in mountainous ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: To investigate the effects of air pollutants and bioclimatic variables on tuberculosis in domestic ruminants, we simulated the risk distribution of tuberculosis in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats in China using the maximum entropy ecological niche model, and evaluated the effects of environmental factors. The risk factors that most significantly influenced the prevalence of tuberculosis were the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, cattle distribution density, sheep distribution density, ozone (O3) level, and precipitation of the driest month. The predicted map of tuberculosis risk in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats indicated that the high-risk regions were mainly distributed in South, North, East, and Northwest China. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats in China. Tuberculosis is a zoonotic chronic respiratory infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The outbreak and epidemic of tuberculosis can seriously threaten human and veterinary health. To investigate the effects of environmental factors on tuberculosis in domestic ruminants, we collected data regarding the prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats in China (1956–2024) from publicly published literature and available databases. We identified the key risk factors among six major air pollutants and 19 bioclimatic variables; simulated the risk distribution of tuberculosis in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats in China using the maximum entropy ecological niche model; and evaluated the effects of environmental factors. The area under the curve of the model was 0.873 (95% confidence interval, 0.851–0.895). The risk factors that most significantly influenced the prevalence of tuberculosis were the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, cattle distribution density, sheep distribution density, ozone (O3) level, and precipitation of the driest month. The predicted map of tuberculosis risk in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats indicated that the high-risk regions were mainly distributed in South, North, East, and Northwest China. Improved surveillance is needed in these high-risk areas, and early preventive measures must be implemented based on the risk factors identified to reduce the future prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study focuses on 25 species of flea beetles from the genus Calotheca, which are found in South Africa. Using ecological data like temperature, rainfall, and vegetation types, the research aims to understand what environmental factors influence where these beetles live. By using ecological niche modelling, this study identifies patterns for each species and for the entire genus. The results show that certain climate factors, such as the average temperature during the wettest and driest seasons, and rainfall in the wettest period, play an important role in the beetles' distribution. Also, it highlights that areas most suitable for these beetles overlap with regions where their host plants, from the Searsia genus, are common. Our findings help us better understand the relationship between Calotheca species and their environment, with important implications in a biogeographic context. In this work, the 25 species of the flea beetle genus Calotheca Heyden recorded for South Africa are considered. Starting from the updated species distribution and the topographic, temperature, and precipitation variables, as well as the vegetation types in the occurrence sites, through an analysis of ecological niche modelling, a possible ecological profile is provided, both for each species and the entire genus, highlighting some of the factors that drive their occurrence and distribution patterns. Along with the vegetation type, some climatic variables were found to be particularly influential, such as the mean temperature of both the wettest and driest quarters and also the mean precipitation of the wettest period. Finally, comparing the distribution of the areas of highest suitability returned by the model obtained for Calotheca, they largely overlap with the highest-density areas of Searsia, genus of Anacardiaceae, including the main host plants for these flea beetles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Invasive alien species, such as Leptocybe invasa Fisher et LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), often adapt to new environments, causing significant damage to native ecosystems. L. invasa has led to major economic losses in Eucalyptus plantations in Australia and is spreading globally. To predict its potential distribution, the MaxEnt model was applied using occurrence data and environmental factors. This study found that the pest's distribution is influenced by temperature, precipitation, and human activity. Its ecological niche has expanded from native to invaded regions. Projections indicate that L. invasa will spread further in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, and Southern Oceania under future climate conditions. This research emphasizes the need for early detection and control measures to mitigate ecological and economic impacts of this invasive species. Invasive alien species often undergo shifts in their ecological niches when they establish themselves in environments that differ from their native habitats. Leptocybe invasa Fisher et LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), specifically, has caused huge economic losses to Eucalyptus trees in Australia. The global spread of eucalyptus cultivation has allowed L. invasa to threaten plantations beyond its native habitat. It is, therefore, urgent to implement effective control measures to mitigate the impact of this pest. The optimized MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential global distribution of L. invasa based on occurrence data and environmental variables. The centroid shift, overlap, unfilling, and expansion (COUE) framework was employed to evaluate niche dynamics during the global invasion process by comparing the ecological niches of L. invasa in both native regions and regions affected by invasions (hereafter referred to as "invaded"). The results indicated that the distribution of L. invasa is primarily influenced by temperature, precipitation, and the human influence index variables. Its ecological niche was shown to have considerably expanded from native to invaded regions. Under future climate scenarios, the potential geographical distribution of L. invasa is projected to be concentrated primarily in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, and Southern Oceania. In the future, the potentially suitable areas for the establishment of L. invasa are expected to further expand. This study provides a unified framework for exploring the niche dynamics of invasive alien species globally. Emphasizing early warning and control in uninvaded areas is crucial for minimizing L. invasa ecological and economic threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chesapeake Logperch (Percina bimaculata) is a medium-sized darter that has had a limited distribution in Pennsylvania and Maryland. It is a threatened species native to the Susquehanna River and historically occurred in the Potomac River. It is currently being reviewed to determine if it should be listed as federally endangered. There are major efforts to reintroduce the Chesapeake Logperch to where it was historically native. Toward this end, we documented the selected habitats and diets, to aid in the selection of new habitats for reintroduction. Because historical data on habitat selection and diet of the Chesapeake Logperch were not available, we compared these habitats selected to those of the closely related Northern Logperch (P. caprodes semifasciata), and diet to the Ohio Logperch (P. caprodes caprodes). The habitat occupied by the Chesapeake Logperch was only a portion of that occupied by the Northern Logperch. Selection of streams for reintroduction can use data presented herein for the Chesapeake Logperch and historical data for the Northern Logperch. The diet of both the Chesapeake Logperch and the Ohio Logperch indicated that their diets differ, thus the prey items reported herein must be present when selecting putative reintroduction sites. These results will help to create more informed choices for streams considered for the reintroduction of the Chesapeake Logperch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantifying within-community variability and understanding the related assembly rules are important in developing and assessing grassland restoration. Beta diversity has great potential, revealing mechanisms behind community-level changes in succession. Here, we introduce two simple beta diversity indices: Microhabitat Diversity is the Shannon diversity of patches formed by the locally dominant species, and Multiplet Diversity is the Shannon diversity of subordinate species richness categories detected at a fine scale. Using null models, we tested the biotic filtering effects of dominants on the distribution of subordinates. Based on long-term vegetation monitoring data, we tested the utility of these models in grassland restoration. Sites sown with seed mixture and developing spontaneously were compared and used as test data for exploring the proposed indices. Microhabitat Diversity was larger at spontaneously developing sites, and its local maxima reflected reorganization in the mosaic structure of the community. Species richness categories with zero or one subordinate species were typical in sown grassland, while small 5 cm × 5 cm microsites where 2, 3, or 4 subordinate species co-occured were more frequent in spontaneous succession. Contrary to expectation, a slight convergence of beta diversity measures was revealed after 15 years of succession between passive and active restorations. Microhabitat Diversity and Multiplet Diversity are simple indices that complement existing methods and provide new insights into grassland restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavernicolous scorpions are difficult to collect and study due to their often inaccessible habitats. Some have evolved unique morphological adaptations, known as troglomorphies, including reduced sclerotization and pigmentation, reduction and/or loss of eyes, attenuation and elongation of the appendages, which assist them to thrive in dark, humid and low-energy input environments. Cavernicolous scorpions are classified into accidentals, trogloxenes, troglophiles, and troglobites. The Balkans, and particularly the Dinaric Karst region, host a diverse cave-adapted fauna, including scorpions. Despite an 1895 report of a blind scorpion from Bosnia and Herzegovina, the first truly troglobitic European scorpion, Euscorpius studentium Karaman, 2020, was only described a few years ago, based on two immature specimens. In the present contribution, this unique species is redescribed based on the first adult specimens; the ecological classification of all currently known cavernicolous Euscorpiidae Laurie, 1896, is updated; a key to the identification of cavernicolous scorpions occurring in the Dinaric Karst is provided; and the historical and geographical factors affecting the distribution and conservation of cavernicolous scorpions in the Balkans is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacteriome profile was studied in freshwater ecosystems within the Yonghwasil pond, situated at the National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, central western Korea. Six samples from water, mud, and soil niches were assessed, specifically from lake water, bottom mud (sediment), and root-soil samples of Bulrush, wild rice, Reed, and Korean Willow. Notably, the phylum Actinobacteria exhibited an upward trend moving from water to mud to soil samples, whereas Chloroflexi showed a contrasting decrease. Across the board, Proteobacteria emerged as the reigning phylum, and subsequent dominance was attributed to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The water samples were characterized by an enriched presence of Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the mud samples distinctly housed a higher concentration of Chloroflexi. Assessing biodiversity through OTU and ACE indices revealed a subdued species richness in the water samples. On the contrary, mud samples stood out with the highest OTU and ACE metrics, signifying a microbially diverse habitat. Bulrush, wild rice, Reed, and Willow samples showed intermediate microbial diversity. The Shannon index further corroborated the pronounced microbial diversity in mud and Bulrush habitats with others. This research elucidates the microbial intricacies across different habitats within Yonghwasil Pond, emphasizing the pivotal role of environmental matrices in shaping bacterial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater-dependent vegetation (GDV) is threatened globally by groundwater abstraction. Water resource managers require maps showing its distribution and habitat preferences to make informed decisions on its protection. This study, conducted in the southeast Pilbara region of Western Australia, presents a novel approach based on metrics summarising seasonal phenology (phenometrics) derived from Sentinel-2 imagery. We also determined the preferential habitat using ecological niche modelling based on land systems and topographic derivatives. The phenometrics and preferential habitat models were combined using a framework that allows for the expression of different levels of uncertainty. The large integral (LI) phenometric was capable of discriminating GDV and reduced the search space to 111 ha (<1%), requiring follow-up monitoring. Suitable habitat could be explained by a combination of land systems and negative topographic positions (e.g., valleys). This designated 13% of the study area as requiring protection against the threat of intense bushfires, invasive species, land clearing and other disturbances. High uncertainty represents locations where GDV appears to be absent but the habitat is suitable and requires further field assessment. Uncertainty was lowest at locations where the habitat is highly unsuitable (87%) and requires infrequent revisitation. Our results provide timely geospatial intelligence illustrating what needs to be monitored, protected and revisited by water resource managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grassland ecosystems cover a high percentage of the terrestrial habitats of Earth and support the livelihood and well-being of at least one-fifth of the human population. Climate change and human activities are causing increasing pressure on arid and semi-arid regions. Land use/cover change significantly affects the function and distribution of grasslands, showing diverse patterns across space and time. The study investigated the spatial distribution of grasslands of Mount Zireia (Peloponnesus, Greece) using MaxEnt modeling based on CMIP6 models (CNRM-CM6 and CCMCC-ESM2) and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 245 and SSP 585) covering the period of 1970–2100. The results from the current (1970–2000) and several future periods (2020–2100) revealed that the MaxEnt model provided highly accurate forecasts. The grassland distribution was found to be significantly impacted by climate change, with impacts varying by period, scenario, and climate model used. In particular, the CNRM-CM6-1 model forecasts a substantial increase in grasslands at higher elevations up to 2100 m asl. The research emphasizes the importance of exploring the combined impacts of climate change and grazing intensity on land use and cover changes in mountainous grasslands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of reforestation and restoration projects depends on several factors, with proper seedling management and the selection of an appropriate planting area being crucial. In Peru, the populations of Retrophyllum rospigliosii (Pilg.) C.N.Page (Ulcumano) have been decreasing due to intensive logging of one of the most valuable woods in South America's tropical forests. There are few studies that unify the production of plants through seeds in nurseries and the identification of suitable areas to place the plants produced. Our study has two components. The first aimed to optimize the plant production process through an experiment that evaluated the effects of three doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) (4.2, 8.4, and 12.6 g/L) and two container sizes (115 and 180 cc) on the morphological quality of seedlings in the nursery. The second component involved identifying potential reforestation areas using ecological niche modeling, based on climatic and edaphic variables. The results indicated that the 4.2 g/L CRF treatment for both container sizes had a significant positive effect on seedling growth. The average germination rate was 85% at 120 days. At six months after seedling transplantation, treatments of 4.2 g/L CRF in 115 cc and 180 cc containers were shown to have the best positive effect on morphological variables of seedlings, with a root collar diameter of 3.76 mm and a height of 13.25 cm. Regarding the potential niche models, an area of 6321.97 km2 with ideal conditions for reforestation with R. rospigliosii was estimated, with the departments of Huánuco, Pasco, Junín, and Cusco showing the highest potential. Based on this, it is estimated that over three million plants are needed for large-scale reforestation projects. Integrating silvicultural studies with niche models is a valuable tool for supporting reforestation and ecosystem restoration projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we explored the ecologic niches of generalist and specialist species within the subalpine vegetation zone, a habitat of Abies sp. distributed throughout South Korea and China. We included Abies sp. habitats in inland areas of South Korea and parts of the Manchurian region of China. Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim., Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Kom., Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière, Betula ermanii Cham., Acer komarovii Pojark., Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc., Betula davurica Pall., Betula costata Trautv., Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, and Sorbus commixta Hedl. were selected as generalist species. Betula chinensis Maxim., Betula platyphylla var. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara, Euonymus pauciflorus Maxim., Salix maximowiczii Kom., Cornus walteri F.T. Wangerin, Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, Populus davidiana Dode, Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr. & Maxim., Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don ex G. Don, and Larix olgensis var. koreana (Nakai) Nakai were selected as specialist species. NMS ordination analysis showed that specialist, generalist, and other plant species distribution correlated with basal area at breast height, stand density, and species diversity index. Generalist species could be grouped based on Quercus sp., Betula sp., and Acer sp. niche spaces. Specialist species shared ecological niches with plant species found in the limestone zone, sedimentary rock zone, and valley area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Zephyranthes is widely represented in Mexico, with 37 species of ornamental and medical importance. However, basic aspects of the genus, such as the environmental variables that determine its presence in certain sites, have not yet been addressed, which limits the knowledge of its ecology, potential applications and possible conservation strategies. Potential distribution models were generated with data on the presence of 13 species of the genus Zephyranthes, using 28 bioclimatic and edaphic variables with the maximum entropy method (Maxent). Of these variables, the most important and least correlated for each species were chosen by principal component analysis (PCA); the occurrence data were obtained from digital platforms and filtered to reduce spatial autocorrelation. The resulting models, had AUC values > 0.90 and Kappa index values > 0.6, in addition to being significant according to the results of the binomial test applied (p < 0.05). Maximum temperatures and humidity, as well as annual precipitation, are relevant environmental variables for the niche models. Most species are distributed in the biogeographic province of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. Zephyranthes concolor and Zephyranthes lindleyana were the species with the largest potential range. The species with the most restricted potential distribution were Zephyranthes citrina and Zephyranthes sessilis. The most determinant variables for species with neotropical affinity are different from those identified for Nearctic species, reflecting niche differentiation, congruent with the evolutionary history of Zephyranthes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"El Aerolito" is the most biodiverse cenote cave globally, home to Poecilia velifera and Gambusia yucatana. However, their trophic niches and interactions remain undescribed. A total of 53 P. velifera and 38 G. yucatana were analyzed for stable isotopes, along with water samples for chlorophyll, silicates, and physical–chemical parameters. Data were collected during the norths, rainy, and dry seasons in the year 2023. Isotopic niches were calculated, and a PCA analysis was used to assess environmental factors. P. velifera showed δ13C values of −25.4‰, −25.7‰, and −24.5‰, whereas G. yucatana exhibited −24.8‰, −24.0‰, and −24.2‰ across seasons. Niche size varied, with the largest during the norths and smallest during the rainy season, indicating seasonality. PCA linked environmental parameters (e.g., temperature and dissolved oxygen) to resource availability, suggesting niche shifts due to rainfall. Mangroves and insects contributed to the isotopic signals, with shifts observed during the dry and rainy seasons. The highest water parameter values occurred during the dry and rainy seasons, while the lowest was during the norths. The system, nutrient-poor and lacking chlorophyll production, relies on external sources. The study concludes that isotopic niches are dynamic and seasonally influenced by abiotic factors, especially rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truffles are valuable underground mushrooms with significant economic importance. In recent years, their cultivation has achieved satisfactory results, but not for all species. The harvesting of white truffles (Tuber magnatum Picco) is still dependent on natural production, which is at risk due to various issues, such as improper forest management. A useful practice to protect natural resources is to promote the expansion of productive forests. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of the microbiome in an old and new truffle forest using an amplicon sequencing approach of the fungal ITS region and the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. We monitor the soil biological community's development to compare differences and similarities between the primary productive forest and the expanding area over a two-year sampling period. In particular, we observed the colonization of vacant ecological niches by certain fungi, such as those belonging to the genus Mortierella. Additionally, we examined the competitive interactions between saprotrophs and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). In both study areas, the bacterial community was dominated by Pseudomonadota, Planctomycetota, and Actinomycetota. The behavior of the Tuber genus differed significantly from other ECMs and displayed positive correlations with bacterial taxa such as Ktedonobacter, Zavarzinella, and Sphingomonas. The present work provides an initial overview of expanding white truffle habitats. Further, more specific research is needed to explore potential connections between individual taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine biodiversity is increasingly threatened by overfishing and marine pollution. A comprehensive understanding of the biodiversity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas is essential for resource conservation. This study conducted a large-scale survey of fishery resources in the Yellow and Bohai Seas to investigate fish community structure and diversity using eDNA technology. The results showed that 57 and 65 fish species were recorded in spring and summer, respectively, with 46 species identified in both seasons. A total of nine dominant species were identified in spring, mainly belonging to Perciformes, while seven dominant species were identified in summer, primarily from Clupeiformes. In different regions, no significant differences in fish α diversity were observed between spring and summer. However, significant seasonal differences were found in both α and β diversity. At the spatial level, fish species in the Yellow and Bohai Seas occupied similar ecological niches. However, at the temporal level, there are certain differences in the ecological niches of fish communities between seasons. Phylogenetic diversity showed no significant differences at the spatial scale, yet notable seasonal variations were observed at the temporal scale, with spring (661.46) significantly exceeding summer (540.30). The Mantel test indicated that nitrate and salinity were key environmental factors influencing α diversity. RDA analysis revealed that the dominant species in spring were mainly influenced by chlorophyll-a and water temperature, while those in summer were mainly affected by water depth, nitrite, water temperature, and salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The ontogeny of the queen and worker castes of bees is greatly affected by dietary differences. However, there are few studies that have addressed this issue in the honey bee Apis cerana cerana, a native subspecies of Apis cerana. Through an investigation into the nutritional differences between the diets of queen and worker larvae, as well as the changes in body weight during the growth and development processes of queens and workers, we found that the levels of protein and amino acids in the food of queen larvae are higher than those of worker larvae, and the rate of weight gain in queen larvae is also greater than that of worker larvae. These findings are valuable because the exploration of dietary differences can be helpful when carrying out conservation activities, especially in ex situ artificial rearing practices. The honey bee Apis cerana cerana (A. c. cerana), a subspecies of Apis cerana, is endemic in China and possesses a valuable ecological niche. Understanding the ways to protect this honey bee's populations is crucial, but this topic has been understudied. For the efficient utilization of beekeeping and pollination, there is a need to explore its biology and management practices. In light of this, the current study was carried out to investigate the ontogeny and dietary differences in the queen and worker castes of the A. c. cerana honey bee. This article presents, supplemented by reference images, a detailed description of the life history of A. c. cerana queens and workers. Additionally, this study investigated the nutritional differences between royal jelly (RJ) and worker jelly (WJ) at various larval ages. The contents of the moisture, crude protein, and amino acids in RJ and WJ were determined via freeze drying, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. The results highlight significant variations in the moisture content, crude protein concentration, and amino acid concentration between RJ and WJ. The results offer theoretical support for ex situ artificial rearing practices of A. c. cerana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremophiles, throughout evolutionary time, have evolved a plethora of unique strategies to overcome hardships associated with the environments they are found in. Modifying their genome, showing a bias towards certain amino acids, redesigning their proteins, and enhancing their membranes and other organelles with specialised chemical compounds are only some of those strategies. Scientists can utilise such attributes of theirs for a plethora of biotechnological and astrobiological applications. Moreover, the rigorous study of such microorganisms regarding their evolution and ecological niche can offer deep insight into science's most paramount inquiries such as how life originated on Earth and whether we are alone in the universe. The intensification of studies involving extremophiles in the future can prove to be highly beneficial for humanity, even potentially ameliorating modern problems such as those related to climate change while also expanding our knowledge about the complex biochemical reactions that ultimately resulted in life as we know it today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many phytopathogens' gene products that contribute to plant–pathogen interactions remain unexplored. In one of the most harmful phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), phosphonate-related genes have been previously shown to be among the most upregulated following host plant colonization. However, phosphonates, compounds characterized by a carbon–phosphorus bond in their composition, have not been described in Pectobacterium species and other phytopathogenic bacteria, with the exception of Pseudomonas syringae and Pantoea ananatis. Our study aimed to determine whether Pba synthesizes extracellular phosphonates and, if so, to analyze their physiological functions. We demonstrated that Pba produces two types of extracellular phosphonates: 2-diethoxyphosphorylethanamine and phenylphosphonic acid. Notably, such structures have not been previously described among natural phosphonates. The production of Pba phosphonates was shown to be positively regulated by quorum sensing and in the presence of pectic compounds. Pba phosphonates were found to have a positive effect on Pba stress resistance and a negative effect on Pba virulence. The discovered Pba phosphonates are discussed as metabolites that enable Pba to control its "harmful properties", thereby maintaining its ecological niche (the host plant) in a relatively functional state for an extended period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangroves are a type of vegetation distributed in warm areas of the planet. Despite their importance, this flora is seriously threatened by both human activities and climate change. One of the main benefits provided by mangroves is carbon capture and storage, which is key for climate change mitigation. The main objective of this study was to identify the potential distribution and carbon sequestration potential of Rhizophora mangle L. in El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve. Potential distribution models were obtained for Baja California Sur, Mexico, using the MaxLike algorithm. For each projection, we used bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim project for current and future conditions (2050 and 2070), two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and three General Circulation Models (ACCESS-CM2, EC-Earth3-Veg and MPI-ESM1-2-HR). The potential distribution models were developed within the perimeter of El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve as a case study to establish the potential for carbon sequestration under different climate change scenarios. Our results show a possible future carbon sequestration from 10,177,174 Mg of CO2 and up to 14,022,367 Mg of CO2 for the ACCESS-CM2 SSP5-8.5 to 2070 and MPI-ESM1-2-HR SSP2-4.5 to 2070 projections, respectively. Mangrove species such as Rhizophora mangle can be an important part of climate change mitigation and adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish and shellfish pathogens of the Harveyi clade of the Vibrio genus cause significant losses to aquaculture yields and profits, with some of them also causing infections in humans. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of Harveyi clade fish and shellfish pathogens and their possible diversification in response to environmental drivers in southeastern USA waters. The presence and abundance of potential pathogens were evaluated via the detection and quantitation of six Harveyi-clade-specific virulence genes (toxR, luxR, srp, vhha, vhh, and vhp; VGs) in environmental DNA with clade-specific primers. The environmental DNA was obtained from water and sediments collected from three Georgia (USA) cultured clam and wild oyster grounds. In sediments, the VG concentrations were, on average, three orders of magnitude higher than those in water. The most and least frequently detected VGs were vhp and toxR, respectively. In water, the VGs split into two groups based on their seasonal trends. The first group, composed of luxR, vhp, vhha, and vhh, peaked in August and remained at lower concentrations throughout the duration of the study. The second group, composed of toxR and srp, peaked in June and disappeared between July and December. The first group revealed a high adaptation of their carriers to an increase in temperature, tolerance to a wide range of pH, and a positive correlation with salinity up to 25 ppt. The second group of VGs demonstrated a lower adaptation of their carriers to temperature and negative correlations with pH, salinity, potential water density, conductivity, and dissolved solids but a positive correlation with turbidity. No such trends were observed in sediments. These data reveal the role of VGs in the adaptability of the Harveyi clade pathogens to environmental parameters, causing their diversification and possibly their stratification into different ecological niches due to changes in water temperature, acidity, salinity, and turbidity. This diversification and stratification may lead to further speciation and the emergence of new pathogens of this clade. Our data urge further monitoring of the presence and diversification of Harveyi clade pathogens in a global warming scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monochamus alternatus Hope and Arhopalus rusticus (L.) are important stem-boring pests that co-occur on weakened Pinus spp. Their larvae damage the xylem and phloem of the trunks and branches. At present, the consequences of the interspecific relationship between two longicorn beetles on the same host of Pinus trees are unclear. The population dynamics and spatial distribution of these two species on Pinus thunbergii trees were investigated to clarify the ecological niches and interspecific relationship of two longicorn beetles on the different degrees of decline in P. thunbergii trees. The results showed temporal niche overlap values from 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.05 ± 0.02, suggesting a very high degree of temporal ecological niche segregation and no competition in temporal niche resources. There is significant interspecific competition between the two longicorn beetles in spatial distribution, and the spatial niche overlap values are 0.67 ± 0.11 and 0.61 ± 0.09 in the middle and late stages of the decline in P. thunbergii trees, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate warming may enhance the upslope migration of tree species at high elevations. In this context, few studies have analyzed the requirements of tree seedlings with respect to safe sites and soil conditions, particularly in the Alborz Mountains (Iran). We collected regeneration and environmental data focusing on small seedlings and young saplings at the upper limit of tree growth in the Alborz Mountains. For each life stage, we assessed the association of seedlings with safe site conditions (rocks, stones, deadwood, and canopy shade), microhabitat substrates (vegetation, litter, bare soil, and stones), and soil variables along elevational gradients. Our findings revealed strong associations between seedlings and facilitative elements (tree shade, deadwood, rocks, and stones). Fewer associations were observed with microhabitat substrates. These associations differed between the two establishment stages. In addition, seedlings of both life stages exhibited distinct associations with soil variables (total nitrogen, sand, and bulk density). The contrasting relationships between small seedlings and young saplings with safe site conditions, microhabitat substrates, and soil variables suggest that early life stages may have different site requirements compared to later stages. Our results suggest that the potential for upslope migration of tree species may depend on safe site conditions, particularly those provided by tree shade, deadwood, rocks, and stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterobasidion, a significant forest pathogen affecting coniferous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, can infect 27 species of coniferous trees, leading to widespread forest mortality. It has already caused considerable damage to both natural and plantation forests in Europe. As essential components of the global ecosystem, forests are increasingly affected by ongoing environmental changes. The ability to accurately predict and effectively respond to pathogen outbreaks across different habitats is becoming increasingly critical. This study employs an optimized MaxEnt model in conjunction with six Global Climate Models (GCMs) to simulate and predict the potentially suitable distributions and changes of three Heterobasidion species in Europe (Heterobasidion abietinum, Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto, Heterobasidion parviporum) under current conditions and four future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) for the period 2081–2100. The objective of this analysis is to assess the potential effects of climate change on the distribution of Heterobasidion species. The results indicate that the distributions of the three Heterobasidion species are influenced by factors such as temperature and precipitation. By 2081–2100, under most climate scenarios, except for the SSP585 scenario, the distribution areas of the three Heterobasidion species show an expansion trend. Notably, Heterobasidion abietinum showed the most significant expansion of its suitable habitat, while the expansion of low-suitability areas for Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto was more pronounced. Heterobasidion abietinum is projected to shift southward due to factors such as precipitation, while Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto are expected to migrate northward, influenced by factors such as temperature and host tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterization of fungal spider pathogens lags far behind their insect counterparts. In addition, little to nothing is known concerning the ecological reservoir and/or fungal entomopathogen community surrounding infection sites. Five infected spider cadavers were identified in the neo-tropical climate of north-central Florida, USA, from three of which viable cultures were obtained. Multi-locus molecular phylogenetic and morphological characterization identified one isolate as a new Gibellula species, here named, Gibellula floridensis, and the other isolates highly similar to Parengyodontium album. The fungal entomopathogen community surrounding infected spiders was sampled at different habitats/trophic levels, including soil, leaf litter, leaf, and twig, and analyzed using ITS amplicon sequencing. These data revealed broad but differential distribution of insect-pathogenic fungi between habitats and variation between sites, with members of genera belonging to Metarhizium and Metacordyceps from Clavicipitaceae, Purpureocillium and Polycephalomyces from Ophiocordyceps, and Akanthomyces and Simplicillium from Cordycipitaceae predominating. However, no sequences corresponding to Gibellula or Parengyodontium, even at the genera levels, could be detected. Potential explanations for these findings are discussed. These data highlight novel discovery of fungal spider pathogens and open the broader question regarding the environmental distribution and ecological niches of such host-specific pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Grassland caterpillars in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region are notorious for inflicting severe damage to the alpine meadow ecosystem. Currently, scarce research has been conducted on the spatial distribution patterns and potential habitats for these insect species. A significant difference between the potential habitats of Gynaephora menyuanensis and G. qinghaiensis is reported. The areas of their suitable habitats are significantly and positively correlated with the area of grassland among all land use types of QTP. The potential habitats of both species during the paleoclimate period were located in the eastern and southeastern boundary areas of the QTP. During the paleoclimate period, their potential habitats expanded towards the Hengduan Mountains (low-latitude regions) in the south compared with their current period suitable habitats. With the subsequent temperature rising, their distribution centers were shifted towards the northeast (high-latitude) regions. This study provides an important reference for designating the prevention and control areas for Gm and Gq. This study has systematically investigated and compared the geographical distribution patterns and population density of G. menyuanensis (Gm) and G. qinghaiensis (Gq), which are endemic to the QTP region and inflict severe damage. Using a method combining the BIOMOD2 integration model (incorporating nine ecological niche models) and current species distribution data, this study has compared changes in potential habitats and distribution centers of these two species during ancient, present, and future climate periods and conducted a correlation test on the prediction results with land use types. The study results indicate that there are differences in geographical distribution patterns, distribution elevations, and population density of these two species. Compared with single models, the integration model exhibits prominent accuracy and stability with higher KAPPA, TSS, and AUC values. The distribution of suitable habitats for these two species is significantly affected by climatic temperature and precipitation. There is a significant difference between the potential habitats of these two species. Gm and Gq are distributed in the northeastern boundary area and the central and eastern areas of the QTP, respectively. The areas of their suitable habitats are significantly and positively correlated with the area of grassland among all land use types of QTP, with no correlations with the areas of other land use types of QTP. The potential habitats of both species during the paleoclimate period were located in the eastern and southeastern boundary areas of the QTP. During the paleoclimate period, their potential habitats expanded towards the Hengduan Mountains (low-latitude regions) in the south compared with their current suitable habitats. With the subsequent temperature rising, their distribution centers shifted towards the northeast (high-latitude) regions, which could validate the hypothesis that the Hengduan Mountains were refuges for these species during the glacial period. In the future, there will be more potential suitable habitats for these two species in the QTP. This study elucidates the ecological factors affecting the current distribution of these grass caterpillars, provides an important reference for designating the prevention and control areas for Gm and Gq, and helps protect the alpine meadow ecosystem in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominant species are crucial in regulating the structure and productivity of plant communities. Adaptation strategies to climate change vary among the dominant species of different life types. However, the responses of the ecological niches of dominant species to warming and precipitation in semi-arid grasslands and their impacts on community structure and function are unknown. This study involved conducting a long-term experimental simulation of warming and increased precipitation on grasslands in Inner Mongolia and studying population dynamics, ecological niches, and their responses to the structure and function of the community species of two dominant plants, L. chinensis (perennial rhizome grass) and S. krylovii (perennial clumped grass). The results show that the niche width of L. chinensis increased and S. krylovii decreased under warming and increased precipitation conditions. The overlap of L. chinensis and S. krylovii decreased under the same conditions. The niche widths of L. chinensis and S. krylovii were 1.22 for the control (C), 1.19 and 1.04 under warming (W) conditions, 1.27 and 0.97 under warming plus precipitation (WP) conditions, and 1.27 and 1.24 under the conditions of precipitation addition (P). The niche overlap of L. chinensis and S. krylovii were 0.72 in C, 0.69 in W, 0.68 in WP, and 0.82 in P. The biomass share and importance value of L. chinensis increased, and those of S. krylovii decreased in response to warming and precipitation. The effects of warming on species diversity and community stability are primarily influenced by the effects on the niche breadth of S. krylovii. Combined with our previous study, L. chinensis will offer more resources in communities in warmer and wetter steppe climates in the future. However, this is not conducive to community diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lichen-feeding termites occupy a distinctive ecological niche. This feeding behavior underscores a complex interplay between the termites' digestive abilities and the biochemical properties of lichens, known for their resilience and production of secondary metabolites. Understanding the dietary preferences and digestive mechanisms of these termites offers insights into their ecological roles and the evolutionary adaptations that enable them to exploit such a specialized food source. We conducted experiments with Constrictotermes cyphergaster, feeding it with different combinations of its natural food sources: wood bark and lichen from host trees. Gut microbial communities were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. Our results revealed that a diet containing lichens induces a shift in microbiota composition and increases the abundance of genes encoding an AA3 enzyme with a role in lignin digestion. This study emphasizes the potential role of lichens in enhancing the digestive capabilities of termites, highlighting the intricate relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and enzymatic activity in Termitidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ixodes ricinus ticks are ubiquitous in Europe, including in North-East Italy. These ticks are important vectors of several zoonotic pathogens of public health relevance. In this study, the habitat suitability range of I. ricinus ticks infected with zoonotic pathogens was predicted in North-East Italy, and relevant spatial predictors were identified. In 2015–2021, ticks were collected at 26 sampling sites in the study area. The collected ticks were screened for the presence of pathogens using PCR assays. For Borrelia, Rickettsia and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia species, data allowed for ecological niche modelling using Maxent. Environmental determinants potentially related to tick habitat suitability were used as model inputs. Predicted suitable habitat distributions revealed hotspots of the probability of pathogen presence in I. ricinus ticks mainly in the central and upper parts of the study area. Key environmental predictors were temperature, rainfall and altitude, and vegetation index for specific pathogens (Rickettsia and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia species). Increased risk of exposure to tick-borne pathogens upon tick bites in the predicted hotspot areas can, therefore, be expected. This provides useful information for public health risk managers in this and other similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zooplankton are important food organisms in the marine ecosystem, and their community structure and distribution reflect the productivity of the waters. To investigate the zooplankton structure and the environmental factors affecting ecological niche differentiation in the waters of Tahe Bay, Lushun, a survey was conducted in September 2021 and March, April, and November 2022 in the waters of Tahe Bay. The results showed that there are 31 species representing four phyla, with an annual mean abundance of 12.42 × 103 ind/m3, dominated by Copepoda (13 species, 41.94%), with zooplankton richness indices ranging from 0.83 to 2.44, diversity indices ranging from 0.84 to 2.42, and evenness indices ranging from 0.14 to 0.84. Pearson's correlation of zooplankton abundance and community diversity with environmental factors, such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, NH3-N, and NO3-N, was significant in the waters of Tahe Bay. There were 13 dominant species, mainly consisting of broad-niche species, among which Oithona similis was the dominant species in all four seasons; the degree of niche overlap of the dominant species was related to the seasons, with a serious niche overlap accounting for 81.0% in September 2021, and there was no niche overlap in March 2022; 33.3% of the species had a severe ecological niche overlap in April 2022, with a serious niche overlap accounting for 86.7% in November 2022. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that water temperature, salinity, DO, and DIP are the main environmental factors affecting the ecological niche differentiation of the dominant species of zooplankton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Global warming has had a dramatic impact on many mammalian species, leading to declines and even extinctions, particularly in high-altitude regions of the Himalayas. The Red Goral, a cliff-dwelling ungulate with a restricted range in India, Myanmar, and China, is especially vulnerable due to its small population and limited habitat. Recent habitat modeling indicates that only a small portion of its extent is currently suitable, with even less protected within conservation areas. The projections for the future are concerning and reveal significant declines in suitable habitats and increased fragmentation. The key factors affecting the species distribution were found to be precipitation and elevation. The study highlights the importance of maintaining and improving connectivity between fragmented habitats and identifies crucial protected areas for conservation efforts. The recommendations stress the need for strategic management, enhanced international cooperation, and addressing traditional hunting practices to better protect the species. Overall, the findings underscore the urgent need for effective conservation strategies to ensure the long-term survival of the Red Goral in its natural environment. Climate change has severely impacted many species, causing rapid declines or extinctions within their essential ecological niches. This deterioration is expected to worsen, particularly in remote high-altitude regions like the Himalayas, which are home to diverse flora and fauna, including many mountainous ungulates. Unfortunately, many of these species lack adaptive strategies to cope with novel climatic conditions. The Red Goral (Naemorhedus baileyi) is a cliff-dwelling species classified as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN due to its small population and restricted range extent. This species has the most restricted range of all goral species, residing in the temperate mountains of northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and China. Given its restricted range and small population, this species is highly threatened by climate change and habitat disruptions, making habitat mapping and modeling crucial for effective conservation. This study employs an ensemble approach (BRT, GLM, MARS, and MaxEnt) in species distribution modeling to assess the distribution, habitat suitability, and connectivity of this species, addressing critical gaps in its understanding. The findings reveal deeply concerning trends, as the model identified only 21,363 km2 (13.01%) of the total IUCN extent as suitable habitat under current conditions. This limited extent is alarming, as it leaves the species with very little refuge to thrive. Furthermore, this situation is compounded by the fact that only around 22.29% of this identified suitable habitat falls within protected areas (PAs), further constraining the species' ability to survive in a protected landscape. The future projections paint even degraded scenarios, with a predicted decline of over 34% and excessive fragmentation in suitable habitat extent. In addition, the present study identifies precipitation seasonality and elevation as the primary contributing predictors to the distribution of this species. Furthermore, the study identifies nine designated transboundary PAs within the IUCN extent of the Red Goral and the connectivity among them to highlight the crucial role in supporting the species' survival over time. Moreover, the Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary (DWLS) and Hkakaborazi National Park are revealed as the PAs with the largest extent of suitable habitat in the present scenario. Furthermore, the highest mean connectivity was found between DWLS and Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary (0.0583), while the lowest connectivity was observed between Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary and Namdapha National Park (0.0172). The study also suggests strategic management planning that is a vital foundation for future research and conservation initiatives, aiming to ensure the long-term survival of the species in its natural habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish are vital in enhancing the stability of marine ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the ecological niches and interspecific correlation characteristics of their dominant species provides a good scientific basis for the protection and management of marine biodiversity. In this study, on the basis of survey data from trawls conducted in the waters off Xiamen in the spring (April) and autumn (November) of 2021, the ecotopes and interspecies connectivity of the dominant fish species were investigated using the relative importance index (IRI), χ2 tests, the association coefficient (AC), and Pearson and Spearman analyses. According to the IRI, there were 23 fish species with higher values, including 15 species in spring and 15 species in autumn. The 15 dominant fish species could be subdivided into wide-, medium-, and narrow-ecotope species, of which there were 2 and 3 wide-ecotope types in spring and autumn. The niche overlap indices exhibited a range of 0.000–0.809 in the spring and 0.000–0.915 in the autumn, showing small differences between the two seasons. The interspecific correlations between the dominant fishes in Xiamen's waters in spring and autumn were weak, and both showed non-significant positive correlations, indicating that the correlations between the dominant fishes in this sea area are relatively independent. The findings of this investigation provide a fundamental database and theoretical framework for researching the adaptive mechanisms of marine fish in the Xiamen Seas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the late Carboniferous to the early Permian, multiple pulses of glaciation and deglaciation have been caused by the LPIA. The Pennsylvanian period experienced phases of recovery, proliferation, and decline, ultimately forming a reef system distinctly different from that of the Mississippian period. During the late Bashkirian to Moscovian, the metazoan reef experienced a limited resurgence, with reef predominantly formed by chaetetid developing in the United States, northern China, and Japan. During the Kasimovian to Gzhelian, the phylloid algal reef dominated the global reef systems. In the late Pennsylvanian, bioconstruction cases and paleoenvironmental proxies in southern Guizhou Province were studied to investigate the composition, recovery, and evolutionary processes of the bioconstructions as well as their response to environmental variations during this period. Several bioconstructions have been reported in the Lumazhai section of Houchang Town, Guizhou Province, southern China, from the Moscovian to the Gzhelian. The upper Carboniferous strata are well-preserved and continuously exposed. The continuous strata, abundant fossils, and diverse bioconstructions provide excellent research materials for exploring the mutual constraints between organisms and their environment. This study identified ten microfacies, whose vertical evolution indicated significant changes in the depositional environment related to relative sea-level fluctuations. Skeletal grains are widely present in these facies. Among them, foraminifera, algae, bryozoans, crinoids, and Tubiphytes are the most common and exhibit distinct distribution characteristics in various environments. Quantitative statistics, CCA and theoretical ecospace have been utilized to examine and interpret environmental impact factors. Quantitative analysis of their relative abundance and distribution patterns provides insights into the complex interactions between organisms and environmental factors. The relative abundances of different organisms and factors controlling their bioconstructions are influenced by relative sea-level changes. CCA analysis reveal that hydrodynamic conditions are the primary influencing factor. Variation trends in average tiering and motility reveal the characteristics of biological communities during environmental changes in phylloid algae and microbial bioconstructions. These bioconstructions are not directly correlated with changes in environmental factors, and the biological communities in phylloid algae mounds and biostromes exhibit similar organism compositions and ecological niches across different environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial nanomachines represent remarkable feats of evolutionary engineering, showcasing intricate molecular mechanisms that enable bacteria to perform a diverse array of functions essential to persist, thrive, and evolve within ecological and pathological niches. Injectosomes and bacterial flagella represent two categories of bacterial nanomachines that have been particularly well studied both at the molecular and functional levels. Among the diverse functionalities of these nanomachines, bistability emerges as a fascinating phenomenon, underscoring their dynamic and complex regulation as well as their contribution to shaping the bacterial community behavior during the infection process. In this review, we examine two closely related bacterial nanomachines, the type 3 secretion system, and the flagellum, to explore how the bistability of molecular-scale devices shapes the bacterial eco-pathological life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land cover is one of the spatial factors influencing the ecological niche of animal populations. Some types of land cover predetermine a particular site as a habitat for certain species. One of the flagship species of agrocenosis is the white stork (Ciconia ciconia (L.)). This study focuses on the occupancy of 122 nests in the vicinity of Kampinos National Park in Poland. This area is a mixture of traditional agricultural settlements, forests, the Vistula valley, and the suburbs of Warsaw, Poland. This mix allows for the identification of land cover disturbances that affect the white stork's nest occupancy. The current state of development and the efficiency of remote sensing-based land cover databases allows us to easily identify spatial factors affecting nest occupancy and to analyse them in a longer timeframe. The study analyses land cover in buffers of 1 to 5 km around white stork nests based on CORINE Land Cover (CLC) for the years 2006, 2012, and 2018. Although the white stork's habitat is well studied, the CLC-based results provide significant new insights. The results show that nest occupancy increases with an increasing proportion of agricultural land, especially with significant natural vegetation, while the proportion of wetlands and water is not significant. This work provides a description of the ideal habitat for the white stork in terms of nest occupancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. (T. sinensis), known as the Yingjiao tree, belongs to the Staphyleaceae family. It is a deciduous tree species endemic to China and represents an ancient species from the Tertiary glacial relics, possessing significant ecological and economic value. This study is based on 154 effective distribution points of T. sinensis in China and 12 environmental factors. Using integrated modeling and ArcGIS software (v10.8), the potential geographic distribution of T. sinensis under climate change was predicted to assess its future impact on distribution and ecological niche. Additionally, on-site surveys were conducted to compare the characteristics of T. sinensis forest communities across different habitability zones. The study also proposes conservation strategies based on the influence of climate change on the distribution of T. sinensis and the characteristics of its forest communities. The results indicate that (1) the current highly suitable areas for T. sinensis are primarily located in the municipal regions where Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces meet, covering an area of 20.44 × 104 km2. (2) In three suitable community categories, T. sinensis is consistently a subdominant species, with the community in moderately suitable areas being the most diverse and exhibiting higher stability and evenness. (3) Under future climate change scenarios, the potential distribution area for T. sinensis will gradually decrease with rising temperatures. It will shift toward northern higher latitude regions, with the degree of ecological niche migration also increasing. (4) Conservation measures for T. sinensis primarily involve in situ and ex situ protection approaches. These results provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management and resource conservation of T. sinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinjiang is an important forest and fruit production area in China, and Cytospora canker, caused by the genus Cytospora Ehrenb., has caused serious losses to forestry production in Xinjiang. In this study, we constructed ensemble models based on Biomod2 to assess the potential geographical distribution of Cytospora chrysosperma, C. nivea, and C. mali in Xinjiang, China and their changes under different climate change scenarios, using species occurrence data and four types of environmental variables: bioclimatic, topographic, NDVI, and soil. The model performance assessment metrics (AUC and TSS) indicated that the ensemble models are highly reliable. The results showed that NDVI had the most important effect on the distribution of all three species, but there were differences in the response patterns, and bioclimatic factors such as temperature and precipitation also significantly affected the distribution of the three species. C. chrysosperma showed the broadest ecological adaptation and the greatest potential for expansion. C. nivea and C. mali also showed expansion trends, but to a lesser extent. The overlapping geographical distribution areas of the three species increased over time and with an intensification of the climate scenarios, especially under the high-emission SSP585 scenario. The centroids of the geographical distribution for all three species generally shifted towards higher latitude regions in the northeast, reflecting their response to climate warming. C. chrysosperma may become a more prevalent forest health threat in the future, and an increase in the overlapping geographical distribution areas of the three species may lead to an increased risk of multiple infections. These findings provide an important basis for understanding and predicting the distribution and spread of the genus Cytospora in Xinjiang and are important for the development of effective forest disease prevention and control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trapping the Asian hornet remains a viable alternative to monitor its presence, dispersion, and ecological niche. With the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of baits and traps, an Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) capture trial was conducted using combinations of artisanal and commercial baits and traps. The second objective was to explore the relationship between the species' dispersal patterns and the influence of human, geography, climate, and vegetation factors, to identify the preferred conditions for its colonization. We identified beekeepers in the Alto Minho region of Northern Portugal, where the different combinations of baits and traps were placed. The traps were monitored from February to September 2023, and the captures were counted. The temporal variation of the captures showed a first peak at the beginning of April, corresponding to primary workers. In September, when the trial was halted, the second peak, corresponding to secondary workers, had not yet been reached. The peaks of captures were used to fit models to allow the characterisation of their ecological niche. Statistical analysis of the captures revealed no significant differences. It was concluded that there is no advantage in using the commercial devices and baits tested. The ecological niche where the higher number of captures is observed is characterised by an abundance of vegetation, humidity, and higher temperatures. Elevation and slope also favour the presence of the Asian hornet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Skaftafellsjökull is an outlet glacier in southern Iceland that has been retreating since 1890. While multiple studies have examined primary succession on the foreland of this glacier, no study has examined the distribution of woody biomass on the outwash plain. We investigated the distribution of one species, Betula pubescens, that grows on the foreland moraines and outwash plain of this glacier. The topography of the outwash plain is heterogeneous, consisting of broad bars of outwash gravel and boulders that are separated by narrow incised channels and broader swales. Vegetation on the outwash plain is primarily a moss–heath community. Birch are sparse on the outwash bar tops, but are more abundant and larger in the channels and swales between the bars. Although the area of the channels on the outwash plain is much less than that of the bar surfaces, the woody biomass of the outwash plain is dominated by the birch within these channels. Consequently, the mean woody biomass of the outwash plain exceeds that of the moraines. We propose that the microhabitat of the outwash plain channels provides a favorable environment for the growth of birch, primarily by providing a fine-grained substrate that promotes successful seeding and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Investigating the dietary preferences and ecological niche characteristics of mammals can reveal their adaptive strategies under environmental changes, as well as the interrelationships and coexistence mechanisms among coexisting sympatric species. In this study, we analyzed the stomach contents of three coexisting rodents commonly found in the Meili Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China, using DNA metabarcoding technology to elucidate their food composition and diversity. The results revealed that, despite the presence of ecotope overlap, the three species were clearly separated in terms of their main food sources, suggesting that they may coexist in the same habitat by using different proportions and types of food to minimize interspecific food competition. Understanding the dietary preferences and ecological niche characteristics of mammals not only reveals their adaptive strategies under environmental changes but also reveals the interspecific relationships and coexistence mechanisms among sympatric species. Nevertheless, such data are scarce for rodents inhabiting areas spanning a wide altitude range. This study employed DNA metabarcoding technology to analyze the stomach contents of Apodemus ilex, Apodemus chevrieri, and Niviventer confucianus, aiming to investigate their dietary compositions and diversity in the Meili Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province, China. Levins's and Pianka's indices were used to compare the interspecific niche breadth and niche overlaps. The results revealed the following: (1) Insecta (relative abundance: 59.4–78.4%) and Clitellata (relative abundance: 5.2–25.5%) were the primary animal food sources for the three species, while Magnoliopsida (relative abundance: 90.3–99.9%) constitutes their main plant food source. Considerable interspecific differences were detected in the relative abundance of primary animal and plant foods among the three species; (2) There was partial overlap in the genus-level animal food between A. ilex and N. confucianus (Ojk = 0.4648), and partial overlap in plant food between A. ilex and A. chevrieri (Ojk = 0.3418). However, no overlap exists between A. chevrieri and N. confucianus, either in animal or plant food; (3) There were no significant interspecific differences in the α-diversity of animal and plant foods among the three species. The feeding strategies and ecological niche variations of these rodents support the niche differentiation hypothesis, indicating that they have diversified in their primary food sources. This diversification may be a strategy to reduce competition and achieve long-term coexistence by adjusting the types and proportions of primary foods consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of an ongoing energy revolution, this study measured the regional green energy efficiency and ecological niche suitability of high-tech industry innovation ecosystems using the Super-SBM and entropy methods. We employed panel data from 30 mainland provinces (excluding Tibet) from 2009 to 2021 to conduct a quasi-natural experiment using spatial difference-in-differences models and double machine learning models. This was performed in order to investigate the impact mechanisms of the transformation of ecological niche suitability within the innovation ecosystems of high-tech industries driven by regional breakthrough innovation change strategies on green energy efficiency. The findings of this study revealed the following: (1) Driven by regional breakthrough innovation strategies, the transformation of the ecological niche suitability of high-tech industry innovation ecosystems has significant and positive local effects and spillover effects on green energy efficiency. (2) Regional breakthrough innovation strategies have a significant and positive mediating transmission effect on green energy efficiency through the development and optimization of internal factors within the ecological niche suitability of high-tech industry innovation ecosystems, including innovation entities, support, vitality, resources, and environment. (3) The transformation of the ecological niche suitability of high-tech industry innovation ecosystems driven by regional breakthrough innovation strategies promotes the advancement and rationalization of the industrial structure, thus indirectly enhancing regional green energy efficiency. These findings are of paramount importance for propelling the next wave of regional disruptive innovation reform strategies, ensuring that the outcomes of these reforms drive the ecological niche suitability of high-tech industry innovation ecosystems toward the advancement and realization of clean and efficient energy utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation into the spatial distribution of living woody (LWD) and coarse woody debris (CWD) within forests represents a fundamental methodology for probing the inherent mechanisms governing coexistence and mortality within forest ecosystems. Here, a complete spatial randomness (CSR) null model was employed to scrutinize the spatial pattern, while canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and the Torus-translation test (TTT) were utilized to elucidate the distribution patterns of LWD and CWD within warm-temperate deciduous broadleaf secondary forests in Dongling Mountains plot, northern China. The results reveal that both LWD and CWD exhibit an aggregated distribution as the predominant pattern in the Dongling Mountains plot, with the proportion and intensity of aggregation diminishing as spatial scale increases. Specifically, the aggregation intensity g0–10 demonstrates a significant negative correlation with abundance and maximum diameter at breast height (DBH). Notably, the g0–10 of LWD manifests a stronger correlation with the maximum DBH, whereas the g0–10 of CWD exhibits a greater association with the mortality rate. CCA outcomes suggest that elevation, convexity, and aspect significantly impact LWD distribution, whereas CWD distribution shows substantial negative correlations with elevation, convexity, slope, and aspect. TTT findings indicate that ecosystems characterized by a substantial presence of LWD also display a notable prevalence of CWD. Additionally, the majority of species exhibit no habitat preference, displaying neutral habitat connections and low ecological niche differentiation within the sampled plot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Alpine musk deer, red serow, and white-lipped deer coexist in the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains of Tibet. We aimed to understand the mechanisms of their coexistence by studying their dietary preferences using DNA barcoding. All of the species exhibited broad dietary ranges with distinct food preferences. Furthermore, our findings revealed genus-level dietary specializations and the mechanisms facilitating their coexistence. The results of this study provide valuable insights for the development and implementation of effective conservation strategies and management measures in the local area. Wild ungulates play crucial roles in maintaining the structure and function of local ecosystems. The alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaste), white-lipped deer (Przewalskium albirostris), and red serow (Capricornis rubidus) are widely distributed throughout the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains of Tibet. However, research on the mechanisms underlying their coexistence in the same habitat remains lacking. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the coexistence of these species based on their dietary preferences through DNA barcoding using the fecal samples of these animals collected from the study area. These species consume a wide variety of food types. Alpine musk deer, white-lipped deer, and red serow consume plants belonging to 74 families and 114 genera, 62 families and 122 genera, and 63 families and 113 genera, respectively. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the nutritional ecological niche among these species, primarily manifested in the differentiation of food types and selection of food at the genus level. Owing to differences in social behavior, body size, and habitat selection, these three species further expand their differentiation in resource selection, thereby making more efficient use of environmental resources. Our findings indicate these factors are the primary reasons for the stable coexistence of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several bacterial taxa enriched in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer (CRC) are found in the oral cavity. We conducted a pilot study nested within a six-week aspirin intervention in a randomized placebo-controlled trial to test their response to aspirin intervention. Fifty healthy subjects, 50–75 years old, were randomized to receive 325 mg aspirin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 20) orally once daily for six weeks. Oral tongue swabs were collected at baseline and week six. We estimated the association between aspirin use and the temporal changes in the relative abundance of pre-specified genus level taxa from pre- to post-treatment. The temporal change in relative abundance differed for eight genus level taxa between the aspirin and placebo groups. In the aspirin group, there were significant increases in the relative abundances of Neisseria, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and Rothia and significant decreases in Prevotella, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas relative to placebo. The log ratio of Neisseria to Fusobacterium declined more in the aspirin group than placebo, signaling a potential marker associated with aspirin intervention. These preliminary findings should be validated using metagenomic sequencing and may guide future studies on the role of aspirin on taxa in various oral ecological niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that associate with the rhizosphere of plants; one of the most abundant bacterial genera in this ecological niche is Pseudomonas, which is constantly expanding due to the emergence of new species such as Pseudomonas atacamensis, whose discovery in 2019 has led to the characterization of several strains from different environments but taxonomically related. The objective of this work was to phenotypically and molecularly characterize P. atacamensis strain EMP42, isolated from the rhizosphere of Echinocactus platyacanthus. The strain EMP42 is able to use different substrates and reduce oxidative stress in plants. It is capable of improving growth parameters such as the number of inflorescences and the height of the aerial body of Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as the germination and seedling survival of the cacti Echinocactus platyacanthus and Astrophytum capricorne. The genetic structure of P. atacamensis EMP42 consists of a closed chromosome of 6.14 Mbp, and 61.1% GC content. It has 5572 genes, including those associated with PGPR activities, such as the trpABCDE, SAP, phoABPRU and acsABC genes, among others, and three ncRNA loci, nine regulatory regions, five complete rRNA operons and three CRISPR-Cas loci, showing phylogenomic similarities with the reference strain P. atacamensis B21-026. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of genomic diversity within P. atacamensis and, particularly, highlights the potential application of strain EMP42 as a PGPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]