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Coal gangue is a kind of typical by-product emitted during the coal mining and washing process. With the increase in coal resource utilization, a large amount of coal gangue was not reasonably utilized, causing environmental pollution and resource waste. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the surface structural features and compositional characteristics of coal gangue and to summarize the utilization of coal gangue in the fields of building materials, energy production, agricultural utilization, and high-value-added areas such as catalysts and adsorbents. Secondly, this review discussed the environmental challenges and technical difficulties derived from the process of coal gangue utilization and how to solve these problems through innovative methods and technological improvements. Finally, the article proposed the development direction and strategies for the future resource utilization of coal gangue, emphasizing the importance of coal gangue as a sustainable resource and its significant role in achieving a circular economy for reducing environmental pollution. By analyzing the potentiality of coal gangue for resource utilization systematically, this article aims to provide valuable references and insights for researchers and decision-makers in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of fuzzy logic to environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides a robust method to address uncertainties and subjectivities inherent in evaluating complex environmental systems. This is particularly relevant in ocean renewable energy projects, where predicting environmental impacts is challenging due to the dynamic nature of marine environments. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify the types of impacts currently being investigated, assessed, and monitored in existing marine energy conversion projects. Based on these foundations, we developed both traditional and fuzzy mythologies for EIA. The fuzzy logic methodology approach allows for the incorporation of uncertainties into the assessment process, converting qualitative assessments into quantifiable data and linguistic levels and enhancing decision-making accuracy. We tested this fuzzy methodology across four types of ocean energy devices: floating, submerged, fixed to the ocean floor, and onshore. Finally, we applied the methodology to the EIA of a marine energy project in the Cozumel Channel, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The results demonstrate that fuzzy logic provides a more flexible and reliable evaluation of environmental impacts, contributing to more effective environmental management and sustainable development in marine renewable energy contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transitions toward more sustainable food systems may become rather polarized, particularly in the plant-based vs. animal-based debate. These discussions, however, are often based on environmental impact data from individual products or product groups and do not consider that the products together should form a nutrient-adequate diet that is also affordable. Linear programming approaches are ideal for exploring the impact of changes in diet composition on environmental impact and price while ensuring nutrient adequacy. Methods: In this study, we used a linear programming system, Optimeal 2.0, based on the diet in the Netherlands to explore the impact of changing the contributions of specific food groups on the environmental impact and price of the diet. Results: Reducing the amount of meat products in the diet reduced the environmental impact but increased the price. On the other hand, when dairy products were reduced or even omitted, the environmental impact of the nutrient-adequate optimized diet did not change notably, but prices increased notably. This could be attributed to the fact that the products required to compensate for the nutrient gaps by removing dairy products have equal environmental impact and higher prices. Increasing vegetable or fruit consumption increased price but did not affect the environmental impact nor did it increase the consumption of beans and pulses when kept within realistic levels. Conclusions: Overall, this work strongly highlights that consideration of 'sustainability' at a food product level is insufficient and that their role in nutrient-adequate diets needs to be considered. Furthermore, dietary shifts should be considered from the perspective of affordability and consumer preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic map explores the role of sustainability certification schemes and labels in reducing greenhouse gas emissions across biobased value chains. With increasing global and EU interest in transitioning to a sustainable bioeconomy, these certification mechanisms are seen as critical tools for promoting low-emission practices. This review maps the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of certification schemes, examining sector-specific variations and identifying knowledge gaps. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across three major databases and grey literature sources, yielding 41 relevant articles. There are significant disparities in the evidence on the impact of sustainability certification schemes and labels on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across biobased sectors. Agriculture has the most data, but studies are heavily focused on organic systems, limiting broader conclusions. Most research is concentrated in Southeast Asia and Europe, reducing generalizability to other regions. Additionally, most studies focus on the production stage, leaving value chain phases like processing and disposal under-represented. Knowledge gaps exist across sectors, certification schemes, and life cycle stages, highlighting the need for further research. While some schemes incorporate GHG management tools, evidence on their effectiveness remains insufficient and context-dependent, warranting more robust, targeted research. Though this research looked at all biobased feedstocks, it did not review schemes and labels specifically targeting biofuels, which presents an avenue for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perfume industry faces significant challenges in integrating sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices due to its fragmentation and the need for coordination among diverse stakeholders. This study explores these challenges and identifies potential solutions through a comprehensive literature review, a case study, and interviews with industry professionals. Findings highlight the complexity of SSCM, emphasizing the integration of environmental, social, and economic considerations. Key challenges include high implementation costs, lack of stakeholder awareness, and inadequate regulatory frameworks. Economically, the primary issue is balancing SSCM investments with short-term benefits. Socially, effective communication between stakeholders is critical, while environmentally, reducing carbon footprints and waste, particularly in transportation, is essential. The research underscores the need for a long-term vision and collaboration to successfully implement SSCM practices in the perfume industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ports are vital nodes of maritime transport. To be able to decrease their GHG emissions, ports have developed various automated or semiautomated tools for emission assessment. In this study, we focus on an open-source tool called EVISA and compare how seven Baltic Sea ports are using this tool. We found that the results of these assessments are incomparable, all the ports use the tool differently, and report different numbers of emissions. We also compare how one port, the Port of Tallinn, uses two different tools and ends up with different numbers of emissions. The study offers a detailed comparison of the port-specific methods, data collection processes, and calculation principles, evaluating their effectiveness in measuring emissions from maritime transport in ports. Additionally, it highlights the pressing need for standardised greenhouse gas emission mapping methodologies in ports. The results highlight the need to create a cohesive, easy-to-use tool that complies with established standards like the GHG Protocol, IPCC guidelines, and ISO 14064. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanding the road network is inevitable due to the accelerated economic growth of countries. However, the development of road infrastructure has generated considerable concern among society, governments, and environmental organizations. This concern mainly stems from the significant environmental effects and the omission of the sustainability of materials associated with road construction. Current literature suggests Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a solution to address greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts of road infrastructure. This research uses the PRISMA-SCR methodology to identify strategies to mitigate environmental impact during the life cycle stages of asphalt pavements and emission-generating activities. This study identifies the critical life cycle stages responsible for the largest amount of emissions, highlighting "material extraction and production" and "transportation" as key areas of intervention. The results demonstrate how the incorporation of recycled materials (RAPs) and warm mix asphalts (WMAs) can reduce between 15% and 45% of total emissions. It is concluded that it is possible to develop asphalt pavement construction projects with a sustainability perspective, allowing not only to identify opportunities to optimize construction processes but also to establish a reference framework for transportation agencies to integrate more sustainable practices, including the reduction of emissions, the responsible use of non-renewable resources and proper waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability and fairness in auction systems are becoming increasingly important as systems evolve with the integration of digital technologies. This paper introduces a novel demand-supply matchmaking (DSM) framework designed to improve fairness and sustainability in auction environments, aligning with the principles of the circular economy. The framework addresses key challenges in supply chain management, such as equitable resource distribution and the reduction of environmental footprints. The framework integrates key aspects of environmental impact assessments, fairness assessments, and behavioral analytics. This enables the simulation of bidder behavior and assessment of auction scenarios. Our simulation results demonstrate that the platform can promote sustainable, fair, and informed auction practices. By comparing our approach with existing tools, we highlight the advantages of using the DSM framework to improve sustainability and fairness in digital marketplaces. This work supports the development of platforms that integrate economic efficiency with environmental responsibility and social equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates experimental cooling from the ceiling using phase change materials (PCMs) in Yazd, a city characterized by a hot and dry climate. A one-fourth scale model of a real room, measuring 4 m × 3 m × 3 m, was employed for the analysis. To evaluate system performance and the impact of PCM on energy consumption reduction, three configurations were considered: a simple PCM system, a PCM system with a fan (PCM-F), and a PCM system with a mini cooler (PCM-C). Additionally, to assess the influence of window configurations on ventilation, temperature, and comfort conditions within the model, three scenarios were examined: two open windows, one open window, and no windows. The economic analysis compared the two systems with the fan and mini cooler against a full mechanical cooling system without PCMs. Furthermore, CO2 emissions and environmental impacts associated with the systems were also evaluated. The results indicate that the presence of PCMs in the ceiling, due to heat absorption during phase change, leads to a temperature reduction of 5 to 10 °C in the ceiling and a 3.2 °C reduction in the average room temperature compared to the scenario without PCMs. The findings demonstrate that ceiling cooling with PCMs significantly contributes to energy consumption reduction during peak hours of cooling demand. Specifically, the PCM-F system results in a 92% reduction, and the PCM-C system leads to a 71% reduction in total cost compared to the reference mechanical cooling system. Additionally, the PCM-F system achieves approximately a 36% reduction, and the PCM-C system results in a 34% reduction in environmental impact relative to the reference full mechanical cooling system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis is a valuable natural resource for extracting various beneficial compounds. This study explores a sustainable extraction approach for Brazilian green propolis. First, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process parameters were optimized (co-solvent: 21.11% v/v CPME, and temperature: 60 °C) to maximize yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and LOX (lipoxygenase) inhibitory activity. GC–MS analysis identified 40 metabolites in SFE extracts, including fatty acids, terpenoids, phenolics, and sterols. After selecting the optimum SFE process parameters, a sequential high-pressure extraction (HPE) approach was developed, comprising SFE, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with EtOH/H2O, and subcritical water extraction (SWE). This process was compared to a similar sequential extraction using low-pressure extractions (LPE) with a Soxhlet extractor. The HPE process achieved a significantly higher overall yield (80.86%) than LPE (71.43%). SFE showed higher selectivity, resulting in a lower carbohydrate content in the non-polar fraction, and PLE extracted nearly twice the protein amount of LPE–2. Despite the HPE selectivity, LPE extracts exhibited better acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and LOX inhibition, demonstrating that the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts may be associated with a symbiosis of a set of compounds. Finally, a comprehensive greenness assessment revealed that the HPE process proved more sustainable and aligned with green chemistry principles than the LPE method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven the exploration of alternative fillers in asphalt production. Traditional asphalt mixtures rely heavily on natural aggregates and petroleum-based binders, contributing to environmental degradation. This study proposes an innovative solution by utilizing Crushed Recycled Marble Stone Powder (CRMSP) as a sustainable filler in SBS polymer-modified asphalt containing high volumes of recycled tire rubber, addressing both resource depletion and waste management concerns. A total of 10 asphalt mixes were formulated with varying CRMSP content (0–100% as a replacement for conventional filler) and SBS polymer (3–5%), and their performance was evaluated through Marshall stability, flow, volumetric properties, and dynamic modulus tests. The results demonstrate that incorporating CRMSP up to 75% significantly enhances asphalt's mechanical properties. The 75% CRMSP mix showed superior stability (19.2 kN, 24.1% improvement), flow (4.6 mm, 4.5% improvement), and resistance to rutting (lowest rut depth: 0.18 mm, 16.7% reduction) compared to the control mixture. Dynamic modulus testing further confirmed the improved resistance to deformation, with the 75% CRMSP mix exhibiting the highest modulus (6.9 GPa, 15.0% improvement). This research highlights the potential of CRMSP as an innovative and eco-friendly alternative filler, improving asphalt performance while reducing environmental impact. By offering a sustainable way to recycle marble waste and tire rubber, this study paves the way for greener, cost-effective asphalt formulations. Future studies should focus on real-world applications, durability, and long-term performance to validate the potential of CRMSP-modified asphalt in commercial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the critical challenge of the limited understanding of environmental factors influencing cocoa cultivation in Colombia, a region with significant production potential but diverse agroecological conditions. The fragmented nature of the existing agricultural data and the lack of targeted research hinder efforts to optimize productivity and sustainability. To bridge this gap, this research employs a data-driven approach, using advanced machine learning techniques such as supervised, unsupervised, and ensemble models, to analyze environmental datasets and provide actionable recommendations. By integrating data from official Colombian sources, as well as the NASA POWER database, and geographical APIs, the present study proposes a methodology to systematically assess environmental conditions and classify regions for optimal cocoa cultivation. The use of an assembled model, combining clustering with targeted machine learning for each cluster, offers a more precise and scalable understanding of cocoa establishment under diverse conditions. Despite challenges such as limited dataset resolution and localized climate variability, this research provides valuable insights for a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental conditions impacting cocoa plantation establishment in a given location. The key findings reveal that temperature, humidity, and wind speed are crucial determinants of cocoa growth, with complex interactions affecting regional suitability. The results offer valuable guidance for the implementation of adaptive agricultural practices and resilience strategies, enabling sustainable cocoa production systems. By implementing better practices, countries such as Colombia can achieve higher market shares under growing global cocoa demand conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use and land cover (LULC) change, driven by environmental and human activities, significantly impacts ecosystems, climate, biodiversity, and socio-economic systems. This study focuses on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, a region with sensitive ecosystems and diverse landscapes, to analyze LULC dynamics and their environmental consequences. Based on Landsat imagery from 2000, 2010, and 2020, we used the Random Forest algorithm on Google Earth Engine (GEE) to classify LULC, and the CA-ANN model to project future scenarios for 2030, 2050, and 2100. Additional simulations were conducted using the MOLUSCE Plugin in QGIS. The results revealed a 138.02% (4071.98 km2) increase in urban areas from 2000 to 2020, marking urbanization as a major driver of LULC change. Urban expansion strongly correlated with land surface temperature (LST) (R2 = 0.89), amplifying the urban heat island effect. Rising LST showed negative correlations with the key environmental indices NDVI (−0.88), MNDWI (−0.49), and NDMI (−0.62), signaling declining vegetation cover, water resources, and soil moisture, respectively. Projections for 2100 predict LST rising to 55.3 °C, with NDVI, MNDWI, and NDMI dropping to 0.36, 0.17, and 0.21, respectively. Vegetation health, as indicated by the Leaf Area Index (LAI), also declined, with maximum and minimum values falling from 4.66 and −5.75 in 2000 to 2.16 and −2.55 in 2020, reflecting increased barren land and reduced greenness. The spatial analysis highlights significant transitions from vegetated to barren or urban land, leading to declining moisture levels, water stress, soil erosion, and biodiversity. Projections show continued reductions in forests, vegetation, and agricultural lands, replaced by barren and built-up areas. Declines in key indices such as NDVI, MNDWI, and NDMI indicate deteriorating vegetation, water resources, and soil moisture levels. These findings emphasize the need for sustainable urban planning and environmental management. Expanding urban green spaces, using reflective materials, and preserving vegetation and water resources are vital to mitigating heat island effects and maintaining ecological balance. Anticipated declines in LST, NDVI, MNDWI, NDMI, and LAI stress the urgency for climate adaptation strategies to protect human health, ecosystem services, and economic stability in KPK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to assess the temporal evolution of environmental impacts arising from municipal solid waste (MSW) under different policies, especially in China. However, most previous research has primarily focused on the effects of policies at the system management level, neglecting their influence on technical-level implementation, which compromises the accuracy of policy effect simulations. This study developed a comprehensive simulation model that integrates a life cycle assessment (LCA) and a dynamic simulation model of a complex system to enhance the accuracy of environmental impact simulations of the MSW management system in Guangzhou. The model considers how different measures affect changes in the physical composition of MSW at the technical level and their subsequent impact on MSW generation at the system level. The study employed five scenarios to simulate the impacts of different strategies on MSW generation levels and environmental consequences of MSW treatment systems, encompassing the entire process of generation, collection, and disposal. LCA results simulate a 24.14% reduction in the unit environmental impact of incineration technology due to MSW classification, which alters the material composition, decreases water content, and enhances the caloric value. The comprehensive simulation model's results illustrate that implementing measures such as MSW charging, economic control, and population control can effectively reduce overall MSW by 31.35%. In terms of environmental impact, Guangzhou reached its peak in 2018 but experienced a subsequent decline due to the continuous implementation of MSW classification policies. Among the various strategies considered, the scenario focusing on technological improvement exhibited the most significant reduction in overall environmental impact by enhancing power generation efficiency and minimizing pollution emissions, followed by metering and charging policies utilizing economic levers. Finally, recommendations on the coupling effect of policies, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and incineration residue recycling are proposed. The comprehensive simulation model can provide scientific theoretical support to build a sustainable MSW treatment system for Guangzhou and other cities worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Two widely used products with the same functionality but different designs and production processes were selected for comparative analysis. SimaPro 9.6.0 software was used for the calculations and LCA of both assemblies. The analysis covered all phases of the life cycle, taking into account factors such as energy, materials and water consumption. The results allowed a comparison of the environmental impacts of the two assemblies, identifying the life cycle phases with the highest impact and the most relevant impact categories. The analysis revealed that the metal trolley exhibited a 40% higher environmental impact during production compared to the polypropylene trolley, primarily due to the material extraction and processing phases. Additionally, the polypropylene trolley showed higher long-term impacts in landfill scenarios due to carcinogenic substance emissions. These findings highlight the significance of design and material selection in reducing environmental impacts. Applying the LCA methodology to the two mechanical assemblies allowed us to identify opportunities for improvement in the design and manufacturing processes, with the aim of reducing the environmental impact and increasing the competitiveness of the products. By considering the full life cycle of a product from the early design phases, more sustainable design and manufacturing decisions can be made, and by using this analysis, companies can develop more sustainable products and reduce costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often considered the most pristine natural areas, mountains are the third most important tourist destination in the world after coasts and islands, contributing significantly to the tourism sector (15–20%). Tourism is economically important for many mountain communities and is among the key drivers of economic growth in mountain regions worldwide. However, these high-altitude places are under increasing pressure from activities such as expeditions and trekking, which can contribute to the degradation of mountain ecosystems. In this study, we focused on the Italian expedition to K2 in July 2024, which celebrated the 70th anniversary of the first ascent in 1954. In particular, we assessed its environmental impact by estimating the expedition's carbon footprint. We also discussed the different impact compared to the previous Italian expeditions. Overall, the 2024 Italian expedition to K2 had a carbon footprint of 27,654 kg CO2-eq, or 1383 kg CO2-eq per team member that flew from Italy. Air transport (i.e., the flight from Italy to Pakistan via Islamabad) was the largest source of emissions (91.7%, divided into 66.4% for passengers and 25.4% for cargo). Waste incineration was the smallest contributor (1.1%). Instead of using traditional diesel generators, the 2024 expedition used photovoltaic panels to generate electricity, eliminating further local greenhouse gas emissions. At the carbon credit price of 61.30 USD/ton of CO2 or 57.02 EUR/ton of CO2, offsetting the expedition's emissions would cost 1695 USD or EUR 1577. This approach seems feasible and effective for mitigating the environmental impact of expeditions such as the one performed in 2024 by Italians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts a life cycle assessment and exergoenvironmental evaluation of a double-effect vapor absorption chiller (DEAC) with a cooling capacity of 352 kW, employing three different energy sources: natural gas, biomethane, and green hydrogen. The main objectives of this paper are as follows: (i) provide an exergoenvironmental model for DEAC technologies, (ii) evaluation of a case-study where a DEAC is used to cover the cooling demand of a specific university building in the Northeast of Brazil, and (iii) evaluate the scenario where the DEAC is fed by green hydrogen (GH2) and compare it with conventional energy resources (natural gas and biomethane). In order to develop the exergoenvironmental model, two methodologies are essential: a thermodynamic analysis and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The thermodynamic analysis was carried out using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES: 10.998) software. The LCA has been developed through the open-source software openLCA version 1.10.3, with the Ecoinvent 3.7.1 life cycle inventory database, whereas the chosen life cycle inventory assessment (LCIA) method was the ReCiPe Endpoint LCA method (Humanitarian, medium weighting–H, A). The main results indicate that green hydrogen provides a 99.84% reduction in environmental impacts compared to natural gas during the operational phase, while biomethane reduces these impacts by 54.21% relative to natural gas. In the context of life cycle assessment (LCA), green hydrogen decreases fossil resource depletion by 18% and climate change-related emissions by 33.16% compared to natural gas. This study contributes to enhancing the understanding of the environmental and exergoenvironmental impacts of a double-effect vapor absorption chiller by varying the fuel usage during the operational phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive industry is responsible for about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, and it is under notable pressure to meet the reduction targets set by the European Union for the next decades. In this context, lightweighting is a very effective design strategy for which materials selection plays a key role. One of the main challenges of lightweighting is selecting materials with enhanced structural properties but a reduced weight in comparison with traditional solutions. The spectrum of available materials is very large, and the choice needs to be carefully evaluated based on multiple factors, such as mechanical behavior, raw materials cost, the availability of manufacturing processes, and environmental impact. This article presents an innovative methodology for materials selection in the lightweight automotive field based on the Ashby approach for mechanical performance coefficients as an initial filtering criterion. Following this preliminary screening, this study adopts the VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) technique to rank feasible design solutions based on case study boundary conditions. The evaluation criterion of different design options encompasses crucial factors, such as mechanical properties, cost considerations, and environmental impact measures. The method is finally validated by the application of a redesign case study, a motor bracket of an electric commercial car. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xenobiotic aromatic compounds are the raw materials of necessities in modern life, such as plastics, pesticides, and antibiotics. To meet the global requirements, their production and consumption have continually increased, and thus, the vast amount of waste generated results in prominent environmental pollution. Fortunately, some microorganisms (e.g., Comamonas spp.) can specially use these pollutants as substrates for growth, allowing for the development of bioremediation technology to achieve sustainable development goals. Here, we describe common xenobiotic aromatic compounds used in our daily life, discuss their impact on the environment, and review their biodegradation strategies by Comamonas testosteroni, as an example. Finally, we argue that microbiome engineering opens up the avenue to future biofilm-based biodegradation technology to improve aromatic compound bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the environmental challenges associated with high-performance rare-earth magnets, particularly NdFeB, which are essential in green and digital technologies. By employing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with openLCA software, we evaluate the environmental impacts across the life cycles of ferrite, NdFeB, and MnAlC magnets, focusing on extraction, processing, and recycling. Various studies have explored different aspects of the LCA of NdFeB magnets, focusing on production methods, recycling processes, and the environmental impacts of different rare-earth sources. A comparative LCA highlights the significant environmental footprint of rare-earth magnets, underscoring the role of functional unit selection: when assessed per unit of energy density, the environmental impact of NdFeB magnets aligns more closely with alternatives. Methodological issues such as data quality, choice of functional units, and system complexity affect LCA accuracy, as inconsistencies in data or scope led to potential distortions in environmental assessments. This research also explores manganese-based magnets as viable alternatives to reduce reliance on rare-earth materials. Legislative initiatives, including the EU's Ecodesign Directive and Critical Raw Materials Act, support sustainable management practices to ensure reliable material supply while promoting environmental protection. This paper highlights the importance of sustainable magnetic materials, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research to balance technological efficiency and environmental impact, especially as rare-earth magnet demand rises with the transition to renewable energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, 1.5 billion annual tire outputs generate a substantial volume of end-of-life tires (ELTs), creating significant environmental challenges. Despite increased recovery rates, ELT management costs in Europe underscore the need for proactive strategies to mitigate environmental and health risks. This study comprehensively evaluates the environmental impact of disposal methods, including landfilling, incineration, and crumb rubber production, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) via the OpenLCA software 2.0.2. While incineration is sometimes identified as a disposal method, unprocessed scrap tires have potential applications in civil engineering that can better align with sustainability goals. Detailed ELT composition analysis reveals significant recycling potential, with car and truck tires containing 10–20% steel fiber content, less than 1–8% textile fibers, and approximately 80% natural and synthetic rubber content. Recycling 1 ton of ELTs saves an estimated 1.4–1.6 tons of CO2 Eq. compared to incineration. Mechanical recycling and application of recycled crumb rubber in concrete show significant environmental advantages, reducing mass density by approximately 55% and enhancing ductility by up to 40%, according to material testing results. These properties make crumb rubber particularly suitable for acoustic and resilient applications. Additionally, its elasticity and durability offer effective solutions for shoreline reinforcement, mitigating erosion and providing stability during flooding events. When used as a replacement for river sand in cement composites, crumb rubber contributes to a 24.06% reduction in CO2 emissions, highlighting its potential for environmentally friendly construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New healthcare management strategies aim to reduce in-person visits and patient hospitalization while ensuring patient safety. These strategies optimize resources, alleviate pressure on healthcare services, and decrease travel and mobility within healthcare environments. This research analyzes the environmental impact and sustainability associated with transportation and mobility in traditional hospital-based healthcare services, which have been relocated to bring healthcare closer to patients. This retrospective study utilizes data from two hospital centers spanning the years 2021 to 2023. The objective is to highlight the environmental benefits and sustainability of providing healthcare in the patient's environment. The methodology employs life cycle analysis to compare three scenarios: traditional healthcare in hospitals, healthcare provided at the patient's location through home hospitalization and medical consultations at nearby health centers, and healthcare professionals' travel using electric vehicles. The results demonstrate that healthcare professionals traveling to the patient's home or nearby health centers reduce environmental impact across all analyzed impact categories. Promoting home hospitalization, specialized consultations at local health centers, and primary care can effectively reduce unnecessary patient travel and minimize environmental impact, enhancing sustainability. Health policies should prioritize actions to reduce hospital visits, emphasizing prevention over disease treatment. Such practices would not only benefit patients but further promote sustainability and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, poses a critical global challenge, with household energy use as a significant contributor. In the Republic of Moldova, stark urban–rural disparities in fuel consumption and emissions necessitate targeted research to inform effective energy policies. This study analyzes GHG emissions from household fuel consumption, focusing on the differences between urban and rural areas, using a quantitative approach guided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies. The findings reveal that rural areas, heavily reliant on traditional fuels like firewood, contribute disproportionately to emissions compared to urban areas, where modern energy sources such as natural gas dominate. Nationally, the research provides critical data to shape energy transition strategies, promoting renewable energy adoption and energy efficiency in rural areas. Internationally, it offers a valuable case study on household emission dynamics in developing countries, contributing to the global understanding of energy use patterns and their environmental impacts. Recommendations include enhancing access to cleaner energy, modernizing infrastructure, and encouraging sustainable practices to align with Moldova's commitment to GHG reduction goals and serve as a model for similar contexts worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrails, or condensation trails, left by aircraft, significantly contribute to global warming by trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. Despite their critical role in climate dynamics, the environmental impact of contrails remains underexplored. This research addresses this gap by focusing on the use of CubeSats for real-time contrail monitoring, specifically over major air routes such as the Europe–North Atlantic Corridor. The study proposes a 3 × 3 CubeSat constellation in highly eccentric orbits, designed to maximize coverage and data acquisition efficiency. Simulation results indicate that this configuration can provide nearly continuous monitoring with optimized satellite handovers, reducing blackout periods and ensuring robust multi-satellite visibility. A machine learning-based system integrating space-based humidity and temperature data to predict contrail formation and inform flight path adjustments is proposed, thereby mitigating environmental impact. The findings emphasize the potential of CubeSat constellations to revolutionize atmospheric monitoring practices, offering a cost-effective solution that aligns with global sustainability efforts, particularly the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action). This research represents a significant step forward in understanding aviation's non-CO2 climate impact and demonstrates the feasibility of real-time contrail mitigation through satellite technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, several professional cleaning products were analyzed for their impact on local air and sewage contamination. The products were first analyzed for their content of potentially harmful ingredients, their biodegradability, and the potential for the mobilization of hazardous substances from the floorings that were cleaned. The contribution of the cleaning products to sewage pollution with environmentally hazardous substances was studied at full scale. All commercially available cleaning products studied were declared to be environmentally friendly (labeled with the EU Ecolabel). However, despite being labeled as "green" products, between 16 and 24 volatile harmful ingredients were identified. An optimized experimental product, produced completely from natural raw materials, also contained several harmful substances originating from the herbal raw materials themselves. During the field study, we identified a range of trace substances in the sewage. Eight of these substances (e.g., p-cymene, butanone, eucalyptol) significantly originated from the cleaning products. Several others may have originated from the cleaning products, but other sources were also possible. The flooring materials that were cleaned contained several harmful substances themselves. The release of some substances (e.g., toluene) into the sewage significantly increased during the cleaning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of sustainable practices in tourism is increasingly critical, given the sector's substantial environmental and social impacts. Although the need for innovation management to promote sustainable tourism is widely recognized, various barriers hinder its effective implementation. This study employs the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology to systematically examine these barriers, identifying their interconnections and assessing their broader implications. The findings indicate that a short-term focus and financial constraints are the primary effect barriers to implementing innovation management in sustainable tourism. Their prominence as endpoints in the flow of impact within the model of interconnected barriers developed in this study underscores the need to further address the deeper, cause-related barriers that propagate these effects, such as inadequate leadership support, resistance to change, poor stakeholder communication and collaboration, insufficient knowledge and skills, and restrictive regulatory policies. Additionally, industry-specific challenges like a fragmented industry structure and fluctuating market conditions exacerbate these difficulties. Therefore, a comprehensive, holistic approach is essential for transitioning the tourism sector towards sustainable practices through innovation management and overcoming inherent financial and strategic barriers. This study advocates adopting the recently published Management System Standard ISO 56001:2024 as a structured innovation management framework capable of systematically and holistically mitigating these barriers. By analyzing the cause-and-effect relationships among the identified barriers, this study ultimately provides valuable insights that aid stakeholders—including policymakers, business leaders, and community representatives—in devising more effective, inclusive, and forward-thinking approaches to innovation in sustainable tourism. This is crucial for fostering a tourism sector that is not only economically beneficial but also environmentally responsible and socially equitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing global demands for food security, efficient water use, and environmentally resilient agricultural strategies call for a sustainable agricultural revolution. Water scarcity, the excessive use of pesticides, and soil degradation are viewed as threats to food security. Hydrogels, three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer networks, appear to be revolutionary solutions for the future. Hydrogels have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing crop resilience, enhancing crop yields, and agribusiness productivity. The development and prospects of hydrogels bring about a revolution in sustainable agriculture by focusing on their unique properties, including excellent water absorption capacity, biodegradability, and controlled nutrient/agrochemical delivery. Hydrogels have the potential to transform traditional farming practices into novel crop varieties with improved traits like disease resistance, insect resistance, and drought resistance. Hydrogels enhance soil moisture retention, thereby facilitating seed germination and establishment. Thus, it has been demonstrated that hydrogel application has a significant impact on soil quality and resilience under challenging conditions. With this in mind, this review emphasizes that hydrogels are the way forward for sustainable agriculture, taking into consideration the economic benefits like reduced irrigation and increased crop yields while highlighting the need for regulatory considerations in terms of their safety, biodegradability, environmental impact, and long-term soil effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal aquaculture and local fisheries interact in shared marine environments, influencing each other synergistically and/or antagonistically. Salmon farming, notably with open-net sea cages along the Norwegian coast, attracts wild fish due to increased food availability from uneaten feed, but it also exposes wild fish to farm emissions like waste and toxic chemicals (de-lice treatments, antifouling and medical agents). The attraction behaviour of wild fish can impact fatty acid composition in fish tissues, influenced by the high terrestrial fat content in salmon aquafeed. We study how the Atlantic cod, aggregating around salmon farms in a subarctic fjord in Northern Norway, can be affected, potentially altering their natural diet and fatty acid profiles. Our study compares the muscle-tissue fatty acid compositions of cod caught near aquaculture facilities (impact) versus fish caught in neighbouring fjords (control), and we hypothesise decreased omega-3 fatty acids near farms. The analysis revealed no significant differences in the fatty acid concentrations or categories between the impacted and control fish, challenging our initial expectations. However, differences were found for C18:1(n9)t (elaidic acid), with a higher value in the impacted fish. These findings suggest that salmon farming's influence on cod's fatty acid profiles in the flesh (i.e., relevant for the nutritional quality of the fillets that consumers eat) may be limited or minimal despite their aggregative behaviours around farms. The threshold levels of salmon feed consumed by wild cod before it affects the quality and survival of, e.g., sperm or other life stages, are not known and require new investigations. This study underscores the complexity of interactions between aquaculture and wild fisheries, impacting both ecological dynamics and consumer perspectives on seafood quality and health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in minimizing phosphorus fertilizer use in maize cultivation. Maize plants, cultivar Bm207, were subjected to 10 treatments with varying levels of phosphorus fertilization (0, 50, and 100%) and inoculation with B. subtilis, T. harzianum, or both. The plant growth parameters, including the height, stem diameter, shoot, and root dry weight, root volume, phosphorus content in the soil and plant tissues, and chlorophyll and carotenoid content, were evaluated. Treatments without mineral fertilization showed the lowest values for most parameters, despite the microbial inoculation. The combination of 100% mineral fertilizers with microbes did not improve the plant growth compared with the controls. However, the treatments with 50% mineral fertilization along with microbial inoculation generally maintained parameter values similar to those of the 100% fertilized control, suggesting the potential for reducing fertilizer doses by 50% without compromising plant development. Inoculation with B. subtilis and T. harzianum coupled with the use of mineral fertilizers improved the soil phosphorus availability compared to fertilizer application alone. This study highlights the potential of these microorganisms to enhance soil fertility and plant growth while reducing chemical fertilizer use in maize cultivation, although further field research is necessary to verify the long-term sustainability of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in alternative energy sources, including the use of solar radiation energy, is growing year by year. Currently, the most frequently installed photovoltaic modules are made of single-crystalline silicon solar cells (sc-Si). However, one of the latest solutions are perovskite solar cells (PSC), which are considered the future of photovoltaics. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to assess the environmental impact of the construction materials of monocrystalline and perovskite photovoltaic power plants toward their sustainable development. The research object was the construction materials and components of two 1 MW photovoltaic power plants: one based on monocrystalline modules and the other on perovskite modules. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used for the analyses. The IMPACT World+, IPCC and CED models were used in it. The analyses were performed separately for five sets of elements: support structures, photovoltaic panels, inverter stations, electrical installations and transformers. Two post-consumer management scenarios were adopted: storage and recycling. The life cycle of a photovoltaic power plant based on photovoltaic modules made of perovskite cells is characterized by a smaller negative impact on the environment compared to traditional power plants with monocrystalline silicon modules. Perovskites, as a construction material of photovoltaic modules, fit better into the main assumptions of sustainable development compared to cells made of monocrystalline silicon. However, it is necessary to conduct further work which aims at reducing energy and material consumption in the life cycles of photovoltaic power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By reflecting on the history and environmental impact of conventional biorefining, such as kraft pulping, we aim to explore important questions about how natural polymers can be more sustainably sourced to develop bio-products and reduce reliance on plastics. Since the Industrial Revolution, chemical pulping processes have enabled the mass production of cellulosic products from woody biomass. Kraft pulping, which dominates within modern pulp and paper mills, has significantly contributed to environmental pollution and carbon emissions due to sulfurous byproducts and its high water and energy consumption. While chemical pulping technologies have advanced over time, with improvements aimed at enhancing sustainability and economic feasibility, conventional biorefineries still face challenges related to biomass conversion efficiency and environmental impact. For example, efforts to fully utilize wood resources, such as isolating lignin from black liquor, have made limited progress. This perspective provides a thoughtful examination of the growth of chemical pulping, particularly the kraft process, in the production of consumer goods and its environmental consequences. It also presents key insights into the bottlenecks in developing truly sustainable biomass conversion technologies and explores potential alternatives to traditional chemical pulping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban vehicular emissions, a major contributor to environmental degradation, demand accurate methodologies that reflect real-world driving conditions. This study presents a telemetric data-driven framework for assessing emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HCs), and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in real-world scenarios. By utilizing Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) calculations, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), and Ensemble Isolation Forests (EIFs), the framework identifies high-risk driving behaviors and maps high-emission zones. Achieving a Silhouette Score of 0.72 for clustering and a precision of 0.88 in anomaly detection, the study provides actionable insights for policymakers to mitigate urban emissions. Spatial–temporal analysis highlights critical high-emission areas, offering strategies for urban planners to reduce environmental impacts. The findings underscore the potential of interventions such as speed regulation and driving behavior modifications in lowering emissions. Future extensions of this work will include hybrid and electric vehicles, alongside the integration of granular environmental factors like weather conditions, to enhance the framework's accuracy and applicability. By addressing the complexities of real-world emissions, this study contributes to bridging significant knowledge gaps and advancing sustainable urban mobility solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limestone has always been widely used in various sectors, thus having significant economic and environmental impacts. The quarrying process is, on the one hand, essential, but on the other, harmful to the environment and people's health, therefore, the challenge is finding a balance. This review explores the multifaceted nature of limestone, a sedimentary rock predominantly composed of calcium carbonate. The formation of limestone, along with its various types and global occurrence, is discussed to provide a basic understanding. The diverse applications of limestone range from historical uses in ancient monuments to contemporary roles in cement production, plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and soda–lime glass. The discussion extends to post-mining solutions, showcasing successful rehabilitation and innovative repurposing of former quarries into useful infrastructures, wildlife habitats, and cultural spaces. This article draws attention to the importance of sustainable practices and technological developments to balance resource use with environmental conservation. Ultimately, it emphasizes the need for responsible limestone quarrying and proactive rehabilitation strategies to ensure that no permanent ecological problems will occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid South Africa's shift towards electric vehicles (EVs), building a lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling sector is essential for promoting sustainable development and generating employment opportunities. This study employs qualitative methodologies to collect insights from 12 critical stakeholders in the automotive, mining, and recycling sectors and academia to examine the feasibility and advantages of establishing such an industry. We implemented purposeful and snowball sampling to guarantee an exhaustive array of viewpoints. Thematic analysis of the interview data reveals that LIB recycling has substantial social, environmental, and economic implications. The results emphasize the pressing necessity of recycling infrastructure to mitigate environmental impacts and attract investment. The economic feasibility and employment potential of LIB recycling is promising despite the early stage of the EV industry in South Africa. These potentials are influenced by EV adoption rates, technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and industry growth. In this sector, employment opportunities are available in various phases: battery collection, transportation, disassembly, testing, mechanical crushing, hydrometallurgical processes, valuable metal recovery, manufacturing, reuse, research and development, and administrative roles. Each of these roles necessitates a unique set of skills. This interdisciplinary research investigates vital elements of economic growth, employment creation, environmental sustainability, policymaking, technological innovation, and global collaboration. The study offers valuable guidance to policymakers and industry stakeholders trying to establish a sustainable and robust LIB recycling industry in South Africa by utilizing Transition Management Theory to develop a framework for improving the sustainability and circularity of the EV LIB recycling sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the limited adoption of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in the UAE's building sector and the challenges of enforcing governmental mandates. It proposes an enhanced LCA framework tailored to the UAE, with a focus on stakeholder engagement during the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) stage. A quantitative approach was used, employing an online survey to assess the theoretical, practical, and general knowledge of LCA among professionals in the UAE. The survey examined organizational interest in LCA, LCI practices, and the readiness of collected data for database conversion. The results highlighted no significant relationship between stakeholders' professions and their knowledge of or interest in LCA. However, challenges and opportunities for adopting LCA were identified, providing the foundation for a customized framework. The findings underscore the importance of assessing LCA awareness among professionals, evaluating local data collection methods, and understanding the influence of stakeholder engagement on the LCI process. This engagement is crucial for the success of LCA implementation in the UAE. The research concludes by presenting a set of recommendations for conducting LCI analyses specific to the UAE, introducing a user-friendly framework that integrates stakeholder knowledge and practices, aiming to improve the practical application of LCA in the UAE's construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the potential of natural red clay as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and costs associated with the cement industry. Given that cement production is one of the largest contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, developing sustainable alternatives is of paramount importance. Recognizing the environmental impact of cement production, this research investigates the substitution of conventional cement with raw red clay, aiming to balance mechanical performance with enhanced thermal properties and a lower environmental footprint. Through chemical characterization using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), along with comprehensive mechanical and thermal performance testing, this study identifies the dual role of raw clay in mortar. It was found that incorporating up to 5% by weight of raw clay slightly impacted compressive strength while significantly improving thermal conductivity and diffusivity, cost-efficiency, and environmental sustainability, making it an appealing option for structural applications requiring high mechanical resistance. Conversely, a higher proportion of clay (beyond 5%) compromises compressive strength, but further enhances thermal properties and environmental benefits, suggesting its suitability for applications where low mechanical resistance is acceptable. This investigation highlights the viability of raw clay as a promising SCM, offering a pathway to more sustainable construction materials without the need for energy-intensive processing, thereby contributing to the reduction in the construction sector's carbon footprint and energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the environmental impact of earthquake-resistant structural design choices in high-risk seismic regions through life cycle assessment. As climate change concerns intensify, understanding the environmental implications of structural design decisions becomes crucial for sustainable construction. Examining a building in Quito, Ecuador, the research compares three structural systems: Optimized Framed System (OFS), Optimized Dual System (ODS), and Equivalent Framed System (EFS). The assessment quantifies emissions through a 'cradle to gate' approach, encompassing materials fabrication, transportation, and construction processes. The results demonstrate that the ODS achieves optimal seismic performance equal to the EFS while reducing emissions by 38%, with only 5% higher emissions than the OFS. The findings establish that effective earthquake-resistant design can simultaneously achieve structural resilience and environmental sustainability, providing valuable insights for sustainable structural engineering practices in seismic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased volume of heavy vehicles and use of de-icing agents on concrete bridge decks accelerates the deterioration of these structures. Therefore, the rapid replacement of these structures has attracted considerable attention, with prefabricated bridges being the preferred option. Conventionally, horizontal shear connections between girders and precast decks have incorporated rebar stirrup shear connectors. Although effective for initial construction, this method renders dismantling of aged decks complex, because rebar connectors are fully embedded within girders. This study introduced an embedded separable shear connector that minimizes deck-breaking and facilitates easy reinstallation by the simple separation of the deck from the girder. Horizontal shear and flexural tests on composite girders and comparisons with various design codes were conducted to evaluate this connector. The results of horizontal shear tests confirmed that securing sufficient embedment depth is necessary to prevent the pull-out failure of shear connectors. Additionally, prestressed concrete composite girder flexural tests with improved design verified that the detachable shear connectors exhibited an approximately 60% improvement in flexural performance compared with conventional reinforcement shear connectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This critical review examines the interplay between air pollution and community well-being within the tourism industry. Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology, the study focuses on three domains: air quality, tourism, and sustainability. Employing VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis, the research identifies key themes and trends. The findings reveal that air pollution, particularly in urban tourist destinations, negatively impacts tourist behavior, reduces visitor numbers, and threatens the economic sustainability of tourism. Additionally, it highlights health risks to both tourists and local communities, underscoring the need for adaptive strategies and sustainable practices. The study prioritizes articles employing statistical methods and incorporates geographic visualizations using GeoPandas and Matplotlib to illustrate research distribution. By synthesizing the existing literature, this review emphasizes the importance of effective policies that balance tourism growth with environmental protection amidst escalating ecological challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through SDG 17, the United Nations 2030 Agenda highlights the importance of international cooperation to promote sustainable development. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, this cooperation has gained greater relevance, exacerbating the need for debt relief and financial assistance for developing countries. Although global Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 3% in 2023, investments in developing countries decreased by 9%, with Asia being the most affected region. This article addresses the research gap of a bibliometric study and systematic review on the contribution of FDI to sustainable development, covering economic, social and environmental dimensions. In order to examine the existing literature, a general bibliometric analysis and a systematic review were conducted, using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, examining studies published between 2019 and early 2024. The bibliometric analysis revealed that Asia is the most studied region, while the systematic review of 48 articles showed that the economic and environmental dimensions are the most researched, with the social dimension being the least addressed. Accordingly, we suggest several directions for future research that could enrich and strengthen the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caatinga biome has been severely devastated over the years due to the replacement of native dry forests with grassland areas in the Brazilian semiarid region. Despite this, variations in key soil quality indicators still need to be fully elucidated. We evaluated soil and root respiration dynamics in grassland (GR), agroforestry (AS), and Caatinga forest (CA) areas, during dry and rainy seasons. In situ, monthly CO 2 flux (total, root, and heterotrophic respirations), soil moisture (θ v), and temperature ( T s o i l ) were measured. Soil samples were collected every 5 cm layer up to 20 cm depth to analyze total organic carbon (TOC) and microbial activities. The highest parameter values occurred during the rainy season. Total soil respiration was highest in AS, followed by CA and then GR, with 19.3, 13.4, and 8.4 ton C h a − 1 y r − 1 , respectively, and root respiration contributed 33.2 and 32.9% to total soil respiration in CA and AS, respectively. However, TOC concentrations and microbial activity were significantly higher in AS than in GR and similar to CA, more than compensating the C losses by respiration. Therefore, agroforestry systems have a high potential for semiarid lands because they preserve soil carbon and microbial activity comparable to Caatinga forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household food waste accounts for a significant share of total food waste. In 2022, around 1.05 billion tons of food waste were generated—60% of which came from households. In the EU, households generate 54% of the total food waste. In Italy, according to a former diary study, avoidable household food waste accounts for 529.9 g per capita per week. Building on this data, this study assesses the monetary value of food waste at the household level in 6 provinces across the country, considering the prices of food items recorded by the Italian Observatory of market prices. Moreover, the environmental impacts of household food waste (greenhouse gas emissions, water consumed, and land used) were investigated based on existing data from well-grounded scientific literature. The results show that the monetary value of food waste ranges from EUR 357.43 to EUR 404.62 per household per year, corresponding to 5–7% of the average household expenditure for food. The environmental impacts per household per year account for 149 kgCO2eq, which contributes to climate change. In addition, household food waste is responsible for 303,498 L of water consumed and 1426 m2 of land used. The results of this study can be integrated into National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs), to integrate food waste reduction into energy savings and greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, China is facing increasing challenges related to energy security and air pollution; furthermore, the development of the fuel ethanol industry has become an important strategic concern for China. This paper aims to develop a life-cycle assessment (LCA) for sugarcane fuel ethanol, assess its environmental impact potential, and identify factors that contribute to the major impacts. The main influence pathway of bioethanol production was innovatively combined with LCA. Based on Simapro 9.1.1 software analysis, the production of fuel ethanol from wheat straw, and the use of E10 in gasoline, were systematically analyzed and evaluated, including the whole process from S1-wheat planting, S2-wheat straw transportation, and S3-ethanol conversion to S4-E10 final distribution and use. The results of the LCA analysis indicate significant variations in the contribution of each link to the environmental impact. The standard value of the environmental impact in the overall production process of fuel ethanol E10 is primarily attributed to photochemical smog potential and eutrophication potential, while global warming potential (GWP) has a minimal impact on the environment in this process. The sensitivity analysis of the two stages of the wheat straw fuel ethanol E10 system reveals that a 10% reduction in the nitrogen fertilizer rate leads to a 448% decrease in human toxicity potential (HTP). Additionally, changes in nitrogen fertilizer-use have a minimal effect on photochemical smog potential (POCP), and a 0.37% reduction in the ozone layer depletion potential is observed, with a 10% decrease in nitrogen fertilizer-use. Furthermore, a 10% change in cellulase content results in a 22.20% variation in the GWP value and a 5.37% variation in the HTP value. This paper demonstrates significant guidance for promoting low-carbon, green, sustainable development of fuel ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern economic landscape, now more competitive than ever, compels companies to create increasingly innovative, cutting-edge, and cost-effective products. In this regard, the design and development phases play a crucial role, as they closely determine the final satisfaction of the customers. It follows from this the need for a structured approach to product development, which allows companies to identify product key characteristics, also useful when there is the need for carrying out the redesign of an existing product. This work provides the application of the Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) methodology to a real redesign case study, based on the improvement in a specific mountain bike model (baseline product). The final target is identifying the main criticalities and intervention areas for the bicycle, to provide valuable suggestions to designers and developers for creating a new product alternative characterised by an extended horizon to various markets. DFSS is applied to identify and optimise Critical-To-Quality (CTQ) features, aiming at making the project as responsive as possible to customers' needs. More specifically, two main tasks are addressed. The first one is the application of the identify phase of the IDOV approach (Identify, Design, Optimise, Validate) to identify the most pertinent Voice of the Customers (VOCs) to be implemented in the product. The second main task is the analysis of the integrated product development process carried out through the Six Sigma (SS) methodology, to transform the VOCs into CTQs via the Quality Function Deployment 1 (QFD1) and to prioritise the CTQ to achieve design excellence. The identified improvement strategies are presented and critically discussed in relation to their potential to reduce the environmental impact of the overall Life Cycle (LC) of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates integrating circular economy principles—such as closed-loop systems and economic decoupling—into industrial sectors, including refining, clean energy, and electric vehicles. The primary objective is to quantify the impact of circular practices on resource efficiency and environmental sustainability. A mixed-methods approach combines qualitative case studies with quantitative modelling using the Brazilian Land-Use Model for Energy Scenarios (BLUES) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). These models project long-term trends in emissions reduction and resource optimization. Significant findings include a 20–25% reduction in waste production and an improvement in recycling efficiency from 50% to 83% over a decade. Predictive models demonstrated high accuracy, with less than a 5% deviation from actual performance metrics, supported by error metrics such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Statistical validations confirm the reliability of these forecasts. The study highlights the potential for circular economy practices to reduce reliance on virgin materials and lower carbon emissions while emphasizing the critical role of policy support and technological innovation. This integrated approach offers actionable insights for industries seeking sustainable growth, providing a robust framework for future resource efficiency and environmental management applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of asbestos, once celebrated for its versatility and fire-resistant properties, has left a lasting legacy of environmental degradation and public health risks. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts and health risks associated with asbestos, highlighting its widespread use, environmental persistence, and adverse effects on human health. Through a literature review, this study examines the historical context of asbestos use, its adverse environmental effects and the mechanisms by which exposure to asbestos poses significant health risks, including the development of asbestos-related diseases such as mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis, etc. It also assesses the current regulatory framework and provides a methodological analysis of the strategy for recycling end-of-life materials containing asbestos fibers, proposing the inclusion of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) in the rock wool industry to reduce Greenhouse Gasses (GHG) emissions. Drawing on interdisciplinary insights from environmental science, public health, and regulatory analysis, this paper concludes with recommendations for improving asbestos management strategies, promoting safer alternatives and mitigating the long-term environmental and human health impacts of asbestos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ship canals, which play a crucial role in facilitating transport, exert significant and long-term impacts on wetland ecosystems. For social and economic development, numerous countries have put forward plans for ship canals. This paper reviews the literature on the ecological effect of ship canals on wetland ecosystems, identifies research gaps, and suggests future research directions. Ship canals typically involve high construction intensity, usually including river regulation, ship locks, and water diversion for navigation. The ecological effects of ship canals on wetlands refer to changing wetland hydrological processes, degrading water quality, eliminating wetland botany, disturbing wetland animals, and increasing ecological threats. The cumulative impact can either alter the trend of ecological succession or degrade biodiversity. Thus, there is a need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms by which canals affect wetland ecosystems, enhance the practices for wetland protection associated with canals, and develop a robust evaluation system for green canal projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing environmental pollution resulting from plastic waste and the need to reuse agro-industrial wastes as a source of discarding has led to the development of innovative biobased products. In the frame of this context, the use of neat polylactic acid (PLA) and its blend with polybutylene succinate (PBS) with or without cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from hemp fibers is explored here. This study aimed to assess the biogas production of different biopolymeric films. In parallel, life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis was performed on the same films, focusing on their production phase and potential end-of-life scenarios, regardless of film durability (i.e., single-use packaging) and barrier performance, to counteract possible soil health threats. Specifically, this study considered three specific systems: PLA, PLA_PBS (PLA/PBS blend 80:20 w/w), and PLA_PBS_3CNC (PLA/PBS blend + 3% CNCs) films. The assessment involved a batch anaerobic digestion (AD) process at 52 °C, using digestate obtained from the anaerobic treatment of municipal waste as the inoculum and cellulose as a reference material. The AD process was monitored over about 30 days, revealing that reactors containing cellulose showed inherent biodegradability and enhanced biogas production. On the other hand, biopolymeric films based on PLA and its blends with PBS and CNCs exhibited an inhibitory effect, likely due to their recalcitrant nature, which can limit or delay microbial activity toward biomass degradation and methanogenesis. LCA analysis was performed taking into consideration the complex environmental implications of both including biopolymers in the production of renewable energy and the use of post-composting digestate as an organic fertilizer. Remarkably, the PLA_PBS_3CNC formulation revealed slightly superior performance in terms of biodegradability and biogas production, mainly correlated to the presence of CNCs in the blend. The observed enhanced biodegradability and biogas yield, coupled with the reduced environmental impact, confirm the key role of optimized biopolymeric formulations in mitigating inhibitory effects on AD processes while maximizing, at the same time, the utilization of naturally derived energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yerba mate (YM) is an important crop derived from the cultivation of the native tree Ilex paraguariensis in northeastern Argentina, used for the preparation of mate infusion, which is widely consumed in South America. This study aimed at assessing the environmental impact, namely of CO2 equivalent (CO2eq.) emissions, of the YM value chain while identifying environmental hotspots along the production chain, from nursery up to transport. A cradle-to-wholesale approach was carried out, considering as the main functional unit 1 kg of commercial YM produced in Misiones Province and transported to Buenos Aires, the largest YM market in the world. Primary data were gathered from representative nurseries and plantations of the region; processing and packaging data were collected from a local cooperative, while the assessment of the impact due to truck transport was performed considering a distance of 1200 km from Buenos Aires. All the processes were analyzed using LCA methodology following the guidelines outlined in the ISO 14044 regulation (EN ISO 14044); the GaBi software (Sphera Solution, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), updated to version 10.7.21.8, was used for process modeling, while the CML 2001 calculation method, updated as of the latest release in August 2016, was used to calculate the impacts. The results (1.24 kg CO2eq./kg. YM produced in Misiones and transported to Buenos Aires) show that the cultivation phase of YM has very little impact, while most of the emissions are related to the drying phase and the subsequent transportation from the production area to Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent increases in the demand for automotive lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have led to higher needs for critical materials like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite. Consequently, recovering materials from spent batteries has gained importance. This study aimed to (1) develop a mechanical pretreatment method for separating and concentrating materials from spent NCM811 cells and (2) evaluate the economic, environmental, and shortage potentials of these fractions. The pretreatment involved grinding and granulometric separation, producing six particle-size fractions. The main novelty of the study was the assessment to identify the particle size fractions which are priorities for recycling for decision-making by recycling companies, optimizing their resources and efforts. Analysis showed that the finest fraction (n < 0.5 mm) had 85% of lithium, 77.4% of cobalt, 75.1% of manganese, and 68.5% of nickel. This fraction represented 40.4% of the processed mass and had the highest economic value (USD 3669/ton NCM cell). This fraction was also prioritized for recycling due to its superior environmental impact (103,788 kg CO2-eq/ton NCM cell) and scarcity considerations. Furthermore, the black mass of NCM was the priority for recycling and had greater economic, environmental, and supply risk potential than the black mass of LFP cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]