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SWATHtoMRM technology was used in this experiment to further identify and trace the sources of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale produced in the same area using TOF and MS-MRM. After the conversion of the R package of SWATHtoMRM, 191 MRM pairs of positive ions and 96 pairs of negative ions were obtained. Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale can be separated very well using the PCA and PLS-DA analysis of MRM ion pairs; this shows that there are obvious differences in chemical composition between Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale, which clearly proves that the pseudotargeted metabolomics method based on SWATHtoMRM can be used for traceability identification research. A total of 146 characteristic compounds were obtained, with 20 characteristic compounds in Dendrobium devonianum. The enrichment pathways of the characteristic compounds were mainly concentrated in lipids and atherosclerosis, chagas disease, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, proteoglycans in cancer, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the sphingolipid signaling pathway, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arginine and proline metabolism, etc., among which the lipid and atherosclerosis pathways were more enriched, and 11 characteristic compounds affected the expression levels of IL-1, TNFα, CD36, IL-1β, etc. These can be used as a reference for research on variety improvement and active substance accumulation in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrobium devonianum is an important medicinal plant, rich in flavonoid, with various pharmacological activities such as stomachic and antioxidant properties. In this study, we integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses to reveal metabolite and gene expression profiles of D. devonianum, both green (GDd) and purple-red (RDd) of semi-annual and annual stems. A total of 244 flavonoid metabolites, mainly flavones and flavonols, were identified and annotated. Cyanidin and delphinidin were the major anthocyanidins, with cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-Coumaroyl) glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside being the highest relative content in the RDd. Differential metabolites were significantly enriched, mainly in flavonoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that high expression levels of structural genes for flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis were the main reasons for color changes in D. devonianum stems. Based on correlation analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, CHS2 (chalcone synthase) and UGT77B2 (anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase) were identified as important candidate genes involved in stem pigmentation. In addition, key transcription factors (TFs), including three bHLH (bHLH3, bHLH4, bHLH5) and two MYB (MYB1, MYB2), which may be involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, were identified. This study provides new perspectives on D. devonianum efficacy components and the Dendrobium flavonoids and stem color regulation.

In this study, in order to protect the characteristic Dendrobium devonianum Paxt industry in the Longling area, and promote the healthy development of its characteristic Chinese herbal medicines in Yunnan Province, China, the identification of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt and Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo from Longling county was discussed using time of flight mass spectrometry. The data of 13 Dendrobium devonianum and 7 Dendrobium officinale in the Longling area were collected by TOF MS-IDA-15 MS/MS mode, and the collected data were analyzed by PCA and T-test using MarkerView software, and the difference markers were searched using the database to confirm their compound structures. In positive and negative ion modes, 3645 and 2344 peaks were detected, respectively; 64 positive ion compounds and 60 negative ion compounds, for a total of 124 compounds were identified, mainly including organic acids, polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids and their derivatives, benzene and its derivatives, and other compounds. The score plot and loading plot analyzed by PCA show that Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale collected in the Longling area can be effectively identified and differentiated by high-resolution mass spectrometry with the 15 different markers in positive ion mode and 17 markers in negative ion mode, respectively. The successful identification of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale fully demonstrates that TOF MS can be effectively used in the identification of Dendrobium and related Chinese herbal medicines with broadly application foreground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]