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The skin microenvironment created by keratinocytes (KC) influences the stress responses of melanocytes (MC) to UVB insults. This study employed RNA sequencing analysis as well as in vitro and in vivo models to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our RNA-Seq analysis revealed a statistically significant upregulation of GCSF and CCL20 genes in UVB-irradiated KC, correlating with the protective effects of KC on MC responses to UVB exposure. Recombinant GCSF and CCL20 exhibited the most pronounced modulation of UVB-induced MC responses. These effects included the attenuation of apoptosis and reduction of ROS formation, along with the upregulation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, which are involved in the melanogenic pathway. ELISA was also used to confirm that UVB could induce the secretion of GCSF and CCL20 from KC. A similar correlation between GCSF and CCL20 expression in KC and tyrosinase levels in MC was observed in UVB-irradiated mouse skin. Our study provides novel insights into the protective role of GCSF and CCL20 in the paracrine effects of KC on UVB-induced MC damage through the modulation of stress response pathways, the MITF-tyrosinase axis, and the regulation of p53. These findings have implications for the development of pharmacological strategies targeting KC-derived paracrine factors for the prevention of skin photodamage.